Mercuriu (elementu)

80 orumercuriutaliu
Cd

Hg

Uub
Xeneral
Nome, Símbolu, Númberu mercuriu, Hg, 80
Serie química metales de transición
Grupu, Periodu, Bloque 12, 6, d
Aspeutu

plateáu
Masa atómica 200,59 uma
Configuración electrónica [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
Electrones per capa 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2
Propiedaes físiques
Estáu de la materia llíquidu
Densidá 13.534 kg/m³
Puntu de fusión 234,32 K
Puntu de bullidura 629,88 K
Puntu críticu1.750 K a 172,00 MPa
Entalpía de fusión2,29 kJ/mol
Entalpía de vaporización59,11 kJ/mol
Capacidá calorífica(25°C) 27,983 J/mol·K
Presión de vapor
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
a T (K) 315 350 393 449 523 629
Propiedaes atómiques
Estructura cristalinaromboédrica
Estaos d'oxidación2, 1 (llevemente básicu)
Electronegatividá2,00 (Pauling)
Potenciales d'ionización
(más)
1ᵘ: 1007,1 kJ/mol
2ᵘ: 1.810 kJ/mol
3ᵘ: 3.300 kJ/mol
Radiu atómicu150 pm
Radiu atómicu calculáu171 pm
Radiu covalente149 pm
Radiu de van der Waals155 pm
Otros datos
Magnetismudiamagnéticu
Resistividá(0°C) 961 nΩ·m
Conductividá térmica(300 K) 8,30 W/m·K
Espansión térmica(25°C) 60,4 µm/m·K
Velocidá del soníu(t.a.) 1.451,4 m/s
Códigu CAS7439-97-6
Isótopos más estables
Artículu principal: Isótopos del mercuriu
isó
AN
semivida
D
ED (MeV)
PD
194Hg
sintéticu
444 años
ε
0,040
194Au
195Hg
sintéticu
9,9 hores
ε
1,510
195Au
196Hg
0,15%
Hg ye estable con 116 neutrones
197Hg
sintéticu
64,14 hores
ε
0,600
197Au
198Hg
9,97%
Hg ye estable con 118 neutrones
199Hg
16,87%
Hg ye estable con 119 neutrones
200Hg
23,1%
Hg ye estable con 120 neutrones
201Hg
13,18%
Hg ye estable con 121 neutrones
202Hg
29,86%
Hg ye estable con 122 neutrones
203Hg
sintéticu
46,612 díes
β-
0,492
203Tl
204Hg
6,87%
Hg ye estable con 124 neutrones
Unidades nel SI y en condiciones normales (0ºC y 1 atm)

El mercuriu o azogue ye un elementu químicu de númberu atómicu 80 y símbolu Hg allugáu nel grupu 12 de la tabla periódica. El so nome y abreviatura procede d'hidrargirio güei en desavezu, y qu'al empar vien del llatín hidrargirium y d'hydrargyrus, del griegu hydrargyros (hydros = agua y argyros = plata).

Ye un metal pesáu plateáu qu'a temperatura ambiente ye un llíquido inodoru. Ye un mal conductor de la calor comparáu con otros metales, anque nun ye mal conductor de la lletricidá. Aléase fácilmente con munchos otros metales como l'oru o la plata produciendo amalgames, sacante col fierro. Ye insoluble n'agua y soluble n'ácidu nítricu. Cuando aumenta la so temperatura produz vapores tóxicos y corrosivos, más pesaos que l'aire. Ye dañible por inhalación, inxestión y contautu. Productu mui irritante pa la piel, güeyos y víes respiratories. Ye incompatible col ácidu nítricu concentráu, l'acetilenu, l'almoniacu, el cloru y los metales.

Referencies

Enllaces esternos


Elementos químicos
Llistaos
Nome | Símbolu | Númberu atómicu | Masa atómica | Puntu de fusión | Puntu d'ebullición | Densidá
Grupos
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18
Periodos
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7
Series
Alcalinos | Alcalinotérreos | Lantánidos | Actínidos | Metales de transición | Metales del bloque p | Metaloides | Non metales | Halóxenos | Gases nobles
Bloques
bloque s | bloque p | bloque d | bloque f | bloque g


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