Idioma elamita

Elamita
Faláu en Imperiu elamita, Imperiu persa (del IV al VII sieglu e.C.)
Rexón Oriente Próximu
Falantes Llingua muerta
Familia llingües elamo-drávides (?)
Estatus oficial
Oficial en Nengún país
Reguláu por Nun ta reguláu
Códigos
ISO 639-1 nengún
ISO 639-2 elx
ISO 639-3
Elamita
Estensión del elamita

El elamita ye una llingua muerta que se faló nel antiguu Imperiu elamita.

El elamita yera una llingua aglutinante y nun taba emparentada coles llingües camito-semites o indoeuropees vecines. Y anque dalgunos llamen al elamita "hermana" del sumeriu, les dos llingües nun paecen tar rellacionaes. Dellos autores creen que ta rellacionáu coles llingües dravídiques, falaes na actualidá nel sur de la India (ver llingües elamo-drávides).

El elamita tamién foi una llingua oficial del Imperiu persa del sieglu IV al VI e.C. Los últimos testos escritos en elamita son de la dómina de la conquista del Imperiu persa por Alexandru Magnu.

La gramática elamita tien concordanza de casos ente sustantivos llamada Suffixaufnahme (del alemán incorporación del sufixu, vease en: o de:).

Escritos elamitas

A lo llargo de los sieglos, desenvolviéronse tres escritures socesives pal elamita.

  • El protoelamita ye'l sistema d'escritura más antiguo d'Irán. Los sos primeros testimonios son del 3100 e.C. , realizaos en Susa, capital de Elam. Créese que la escritura protoelamita desenvolver a partir de la escritura sumerio naciente. Les tablillas más antigües con pictogrames elamitas proceden del nivel 16 de Susa (3100 e.C. ) y son contemporánees del periodu Uruk IV de Sumer, onde se topó'l primer descubrimientu d'escritura. Ente que el proto-cuneiforme ta escritu en xerarquíes visuales, el proto-elamita ta escritu nun estilu en-llinia: signos numbéricos siguen a los oxetos que cunten; dellos signos non numbéricos son imáxenes de los oxetos que representen, anque la mayoría son totalmente astractos.Dicha escritura consiste n'aprosimao 1,000 signos y créese que ye parcialmente logográfica. Por cuenta de que nun foi descifrada, nun se sabe si la llingua ye elamita o non.
  • El elamita llinial ye un silabariu deriváu del protoelamita, usáu ente'l 2500 y el 2220 e.C. , llamáu asina por causa de los sos rexistros similares a los del llinial cretense. Ye conocida por unes 1400 inscripciones rellacionaes con transaiciones económiques atopaes sobremanera en Susa. El elamita llinial solo foi descifráu en parte, principalmente por Walther Hinz. Consiste nunos 80 símbolos y escribíase en columnes verticales de riba abaxo y d'esquierda a derecha.
  • El elamita cuneiforme usar dende'l 2500 hasta'l 331 e.C. y afíxose del cuneiforme acadiu. Consiste nunos 130 símbolos ( na so mayoría silábicos) representa una simplificación de los vieyos pictogrames proto-elamitas. Ye principalmente llinguaxe qu'utiliza los ideogrames o logogramas. La polifonía taba amenorgada al máximu, de cuenta que el elamita yera na práutica un sistema silábicu.

Ye escontra finales del s. XIX y principios del XX, cuando los llingüistes establecieron los fundamentos del idioma elamita, que pertenez a les llingües aglutinantes.

Bibliografía

  • Khačikjan, Margaret: The Elamite Language, Documenta Asiana IV, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto per gli Studi Micenei ed Exéu-Anatolici, 1998 ISBN 88-87345-01-5
  • Potts, Daniel T.: The archaeology of Elam: formation and transformation of an ancient Iranian state, Cambridge O., 1999 ISBN 0-521-56496-4 and ISBN 0-521-56358-5
  • Quintana Cifuentes, Y., Historia de Elam el vecín mesopotámicu, Murcia, 1997. Estudios Orientales. CEPOAT-Murcia.
  • QUINTANA CIFUENTES, Y., Testos y Fontes pal estudiu del Elam, Murcia, 2000.Estudios Orientales. CEPOAT-Murcia.
  • Quintana Cifuentes, Y., La Llingua Elamita (Irán pre-persa), Madrid, 2010. Gram Ediciones. ISBN 978-84-88519-17-7
  • Quintana Cifuentes, Y., Gramática de la Llingua Elamita. Madrid. 2013. Visión Libro. ISBN 978-84-90115-73-2
  • Stolper, Matthew W. (2004). «3. Elamite», R. D. Woodard: The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Cambridge University Press, páx. 60-94. ISBN ISBN 0-521-56256-2.

Referencies

Enllaces esternos



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