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Yasothon

ยโสธร
Yasothon ยโสธร
	Yasothon Municipal Hall
	Nickname: Mueang Yot Nakorn (Proud Capital City)
	Yasothon Location in Thailand
	Coordinates: 15°47′50″N 104°08′35″E / 15.79722°N 104.14306°E
Country	Thailand
Province	Yasothon province
District	Mueang Yasothon district
Population (2005)
• Total	21,134
Time zone	UTC+7 (ICT)
Thai highway	[2169]

Yasothon (Thai: ยโสธร, pronounced [já.sǒː.tʰɔ̄ːn]) is a town on the Chi River in the north-eastern region of Thailand. It is the capital and administrative center of Yasothon province and seat of its city district. In this district, subdistrict Nai Mueang (ในเมือง 'in town') incorporates the bounds of the town proper, which had a population of 21,134 in 2005. It lies 531 km (330 mi) north-east of Bangkok.

History

Founding

In 2354 B.E. (1811 CE) Chao ('lord') Racha Wong Singh^{[citation needed]} (เจ้าราชวงศ์สิงห์ — 'descended from lions') more often transliterated sing, led his people to a landing on the River Chi, to found a town on a bluff near a deserted temple. The lion, Sing, was a son of Chao Phraya Wichai (เจ้าพระยาวิชัยฯ) in the capital of Champasak (นครจำปาศักดิ์). The town was first called Ban Sing Kow (บ้านสิงห์เก่า 'old lion village') or Ban Sing Tha (บ้านสิงห์ท่า).^[1] While there are numerous Khmer artifacts in and around the city, no written history is known prior to that year.

A weather-worn and now nearly illegible marker erected by Thailand's Fine Arts department (กรมศิลปากร) for a Khmer chedi by Wat Sing Tha, related that during the Thonburi Era, grandson Thao Kham Su (ท้าวคำสู) called the settlement Ban Sing Thong (บ้านสิงห์ทอง Ban Gold Lion). The wat, which had been deserted until dense jungle growth blocked the landing, was cleared, re-built and renamed after the new village. The change from Thong ('gold') to Tha (ท่า) was influenced by two factors: Tha means 'port' or 'landing'. and also pose with many connotations.^[2] Thus the change in name to Sing Tha means 'port lion', and also 'imposing lion' such as those posed on the Lion Gate, and on pedestals on the temple grounds.

Name changes

In 2357 B.E. (1814), King Rama II announced a change in the town's name to Mueang Yasothon (เมืองยโสธร). The name proposed had been Mueang Yotsunthon (เมืองยศสุนทร.) (The yaso ยโส part of the name translates as 'arrogant: one pretending to yot ยศ 'high rank'.^[3] This may not have been the intention: compare Yasodharapura and Yasovarman.) At the same time, the chao ('lord') of Yasothon received a new style (manner of address): Phra Sunthonratchawongsa (พระสุนทรราชวงศา).

Yasothon was successively governed by five Phra Sunthon Ratcha Wongsa: Singh or Sing, 1815–1823; Thao Sicha, 1823; Fai, 1823–1857; Thao Men, 1857–1873; Suphrom, 1873–1895.

During the 1827–1829 Laotian Rebellion led by Chao Anouvong, Fai was active in encouraging left (eastern) bank people to migrate to establish their muang on the right (western) bank of the Mekong. King Rama III, in recognition of his achievements, also appointed him as chao muang of Nakhon Phanom, and he briefly governed both Yasothon and Nakhon Phanom.^[4]

On 15 August 2011, a monument to Singh, the first Phra Sunthon Ratcha Wongsa, was erected on the grounds of Wat Srithammaram.^[5]

The town's unofficial nickname is Mueang Yot Nakhon เมืองยศนคร 'Proud capital'.

Bodindecha

Chao Phraya Bodindecha (เจ้าพระยาบดินทรเดชา) (1777–1849), (given name, Singh or Sing; family name, Singhaseni (สิงห์ ต้นสกุลสิงหเสนี) was a chancellor (สมุห์บัญชี) and army general (แม่ทัพใหญ่) during the reign of Rama III (1824–1851). He led the army from Bangkok that put down the 1826–1828 Laotian Rebellion (ปราบกบฎ) of Chao Anouvong of Vientiane (เจ้าอนุวงศ์ เวียงจันทน์). General Sing then brought his army to Yasothon to regroup. The site is now Wat Tung Sawang Chaiyaphum (วัดทุ่งสว่างชัยภูมิ 'field of bright victory',) featuring a nine-spire chedi. The chedi contains the golden image of a captive, and near the south wall is a Buddha footprint.

Camp Bodindecha (ค่ายบดินทรเดชา), west of the city proper in Ban Doet (บ้านเดิด), Tambon Doet, is named in his honor. The camp has been home to the Royal Thai Army 16th Infantry Regiment (กรมทหารราบที่ ๑๖) since 23 December 1985.^[6]

Municipality

The local administration of Yasothon was created in 1944 as a subdistrict municipality.^[7] With the creation of Yasothon Province, the municipality was upgraded to a town municipality.^[8]

Chinese influence

The city has a significant Thai Chinese presence. The city pillar, erected in 2530 BE (1987), is housed in a shrine (ศาลเจ้าพ่อหลักเมือง) that resembles a Chinese temple. A Chinese warrior represents the city spirit in the annual parade celebrating the Chinese lunar date of the shrine's dedication.

Rocket Festival

Yasothon's Rocket Festival (Thai: ประเพณีบุญบั้งไฟ, RTGS: prapheni bun bang fai) is held annually over a weekend that falls in the middle of May. The festival's origins lie in a custom of firing rockets into the sky at the start of the rice-growing season to remind King of the Sky, Phaya Thaen, to send promised rain. The festival is a competition marked by a weekend of celebration, including highly decorated floats parading through the town, accompanied by partying, dancing, music, and a fair. Friday the main thoroughfare is transformed into a parade ground lined on both sides by concert stages, which features mor lam performers throughout the evening. On Saturday, parade groups compete for prizes. Many of the traditional dances and floats have to do with the legend of Phadaeng Nang Ai, but others have to do with the year's particular theme. On Sunday, the action moves from the city center to Phaya Thaen Park at its eastern edge. The festival now takes the form of a competition to see whose rocket stays aloft the longest.

On 10 May 1999, the Yasothon Rocket Festival made world headlines when a 120 kg rocket exploded 50 meters above ground, just two seconds after launch, killing four persons and injuring 11.^[9]

Tourism

In 2015, to encourage tourism, a 5 floor museum in the shape of a toad was erected.^[10]

Climate

Yasothon has three seasons: summer, rainy season (mansoon) and winter. Maximum temperature is 43 °C (109.4 °F) and minimum temperature is 11 °C (51.8 °F). Average relative humidity is 71.1%. Average rainfall for the years 2009–2013 was 1,600 millimetres per year.^[11]

Transport

Yasothon city is about 500 km (310 mi) or seven hours drive from Bangkok at the intersection of Routes 23 and 202, and the southern end of Route 2169. Samlo serve the city centre, where tuk-tuks are prohibited. Motorcycle taxis with yellow license plates and drivers with identifying vests serve the city and outlying areas. Several bus lines connect daily and at frequent intervals to Bangkok's Northern Bus Terminal (Thai: หมอชิตใหม่, RTGS: mochit mai), as well as all bus terminals in the north and northeast. Ubon Ratchathani is 100 kilometres east via Route 23. Yasothon's bus terminal re-located from the city centre to Route 23 Bypass just east of the Ban Kham Noi Junction with Vittaya Thamrong Road, Rte YS-2018.15°48′35.25″N 104°9′25.43″E / 15.8097917°N 104.1570639°E / 15.8097917; 104.1570639

References

^ Somlee Raksutthi (2001). นิืทานพืนบ้านอีสานและตำนานการก่อตั้งจังวัด [Country fables of Isan and histories of the provinces]. Bangkok: พัฌนาศึกษา Wattanaseuksa.
^ thai2english^{[not specific enough to verify]}
^ "Royal Institute Dictionary". Royal Institute of Thailand. 1999. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2011. ยโส ก. เย่อหยิ่งเพราะถือตัวว่ามียศ มีปัญญา มีความรู้ มีกําลัง มีทรัพย์ ฯลฯ.
^ 飯島明子 [Akiko Iijima] (October 14, 2005). "A Historical Approach to the Palm-Leaf Manuscripts Preserved in Wat Mahathat, Yasothon (Thailand)" (PDF 316 KB). Paper published in The Literary Heritage of Laos: Preservation, Dissemination and Research Perspectives, Vientiane: National Library of Laos, 2005. Digital Library of Lao Manuscripts. Retrieved November 10, 2011. A Brief History of Muang Yasothon
^ Nuntiya (20 August 2011). อนุสาวรีย์เจ้าเมืองยโสธรพระสุนทรราชวงศา (สิงห์) (in Thai). Kutchum Hospital. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
^ "ค่ายบดินทรเดชา" (in Thai). ท่องเที่ยวค่ายทหาร. Archived from the original on 2011-08-10. Retrieved 2010-06-26. กรมทหารราบ ที่ ๑๖ จัดตั้งขึ้นเมื่อวันที่ ๒ พฤศจิกายน ๒๕๒๖ โดยมี ที่ตั้งอยู่ที่บ้านเดิด ตำบลเดิด อำเภอเมือง จังหวัด ยโสธร ต่อมาเมื่อวันที่ ๒๓ ธันวาคม ๒๕๒๘
^ พระราชกฤษฎีกาจัดตั้งเทศบาลตำบลยโสธร จังหวัดอุบลราชธานี พุทธศักราช ๒๔๘๗ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 61 (77 ก): 1180–1183. 1944-12-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 9, 2012.
^ พระราชกฤษฎีกาเปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลตำบลยโสธรเป็นเทศบาลเมืองยโสธร พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๗ (PDF). Royal Gazette (in Thai). 111 (52 ก): 46. 1994-11-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 9, 2012.
^ "Rocket kills four men at Yasothon festival". The Nation. 10 April 1999. Archived from the original on 7 June 2013. Retrieved 11 May 2021.
^ "The Toad Museum". Thailandee.com. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
^ "Topographical and climatic characteristics". Provincial government Yasothon. yasothon.go.th. 2019. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019.