Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of the Caucasus
Various Y-DNA haplogroups have differing frequencies within each ethnolinguistic group in the Caucasus region.
Table
The table below lists the frequencies – identified by major studies – of various haplogroups amongst selected ethnic groups from the Caucasus. The first two columns list the ethnic and linguistic affiliations of the individuals studied, the third column gives the sample size studied, and the other columns give the percentage of the particular haplogroup.
Language family abbreviations: IE Indo-European NEC Northeast Caucasian NWC Northwest Caucasian Kartvelian South Caucasian
Population
Language
n
E1b1b
G
I J1
J2
L
R1a
R1b
R2a
T
Others
Reference
Abaza (Abazins/Abazinians)
NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh)
14
0
29
0
See "Others".
7
See "Others".
14
0
0
See "Others".
K[xP]=14 (possible[ 1]
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Abaza (Abazins/Abazinians)
NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh)
88
4.5
40.9
1.1 2.3
2.3 3.4
1.1 10.2
2.3 =L2
23.9
3.4
1.1
0.0
3.4 =Q
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Abkhaz
NWC (Abkhaz-Ubykh)
12
0
0
33
0
25
0
33.0
8
0
0
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Abkhaz
NWC (Abkhaz-Abaza)
58
1.7
56.9 [ 4] 0
0
3.4 =L2
10.3
12.1
1.7
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Abkhaz
NWC (Abkhaz-Abaza)
162
0.6
47.5
3.1 (P37.2=0.6, M223=1.9)
3.1 (P58=1.2)
26.5 (M67=11.1)
2.5
13.0
7.4
0
0
N=0.6
Yunusbaev2012[ 6]
Adygei (Kabardin )
NWC (Adigei)
59
0
28.8
10.2
See "Others".
11.9
See "Others".
1.7
1.7
0
See "Others".
F[xG,I,J2,K]=23.7 (possible J1)
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Adygei (Kabardin )
NWC (Adygei)
140
2.1
43.6
0.7 =L3
15.0
3.6
0.0
0.7
C=2.1, H=0.7
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Adygei /Circassians "[ a] NWC (Adygei)
0.0 [ 7] 31.3 [ 8] [ 9]
various
Adygei /Adygea ")
NWC (Adygei)
154
0.6
47.4
1.3 3.2
1.3 1.9
3.2 5.8 1.9
1.9 0.6
14.3
7.1
0.0
0.0
2.6 0.6
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Adygei (Shapsugs )
NWC (Adygei)
106
81.1
Dibirova 2009[ 8]
Adygei (Shapsugs )
NWC (Adygei)
100
1.0
87.0 [ 10] 0
0
6.0
2.0 =L*
4.0
0
0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Adygei Cherkess ")[ b] NWC (Adygei)
142
1.4
39.8 [ 11] 0.7 =I*
0.7 =L1
19.7
4.9
0.7
N1*=1.4
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Adygei Cherkess ")
NWC (Adygei)
126
0.8
45.2
0.0
15.1
1.6
0.8
0.0
C=0.8, K*=1.6
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Andis
NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic)
49
2.0
6.1
2.0 24.5
36.7
14.3 0.0
2.0
6.1
0.0
2.0
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Armenians
IE (Armenian)
89
3.4
29.2
5.6
24.7
3.4
Rosser 2000[ 12]
Armenians
IE (Armenian)
47
4.3
4.3
21.3
4.3
8.5
36.2
0
6.4
F[xI,J2,K]=12.8
Wells 2001[ 13]
Armenians
IE (Armenian)
100
6.0
11.0
5.0
See "Others".
24.0
See "Others".
6.0
19.0
2.0
4.0 [ 1] F[xI,G,J2,K]=18.0 (possible J1)[ 1]
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Armenians
IE (Armenian)
734
5.4
5.3
32.4
1.6
Weale 2001[ 14]
Armenians (TOTAL)
IE (Armenian)
413
5.1
1.9
1.7
29.1
4.6
8.5
N=0.2
Herrara2012
Armenians (Ararat Valley)
IE (Armenian)
110
5.5
0.9
0.9
37.3
0.0
3.6
0.0
Herrara2012
Armenians (Sason)
IE (Armenian)
104
2.9
0.0
3.8
1.0
15.4
17.3
20.2
Herrara2012
Avars
NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar)
42
7.1
0.0
0.0
66.7
4.8
9.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
4.8
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Avars
NEC (Avar-Andic, Avar)
115
0.0
P18 =0.9P303 =9.6
1.7
14.8
0.9
0.0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Avars [ c] NEC (Avar-Andic)
20
0
0
10
0
0
5
Caciagli 2009[ 15]
Azeris Turkic
72
5.6
18.1
2.8
30.6
6.9 [ 1] 6.9
11.1
2.8
4.2 [ 1] F[xG,I,J2,K]=11
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Azerbaijanis
Turkic
v
4.1 [ 7]
15.2 [ 16] 23.9 [ 16]
various
Bagvalins
NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic)
28
0.0
0.0
21.4
0.0
0.0
3.6
67.9
0.0
0.0
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Balkars
Turkic
38
2.6
28.9
2.6
0
other=15.8
5.3
13.2
13.2
7.9
0.0
Battaglia 2009[ 17]
Balkars
Turkic
135
0
32.6
3.0 (all P37.2)
3.7 (P58=0.0)
15.6 (M67=9.6)
0
28.1
13.3
0
0
Q=3.7%, no others.
Yunusbaev 2012[ 6]
Chamalins
NEC (Avar-Andic, Andic)
27
0.0
18.5
0.0
66.7
3.7
3.7
7.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Chechens NEC (Nakh)
19
0
5
0
26
5
5
0
16
5 [ 1] F[xG,I,J2,K]=32
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Chechens (Total)[ d] NEC (Nakh)
330
0.0
[ 18] other=1.2
3.9
1.8
3.3
0.0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Chechens (Achkhoy-Martan, Chechnya)
NEC (Nakh)
118
0
0.8 (P303)
other=0.8
2.5
3.4
3.4
0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Chechens (Malgobek, Ingushetia)
NEC (Nakh)
112
0
9.0 [ 19] 0
21.4
J2b=0.9
8.0
0.9
6.3
0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Chechens (mainly Akkis, in Dagestan)
NEC (Nakh)
100
0
7.0 [ 20] 0
16.0
other=1.0
1.0
1.0
0
0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Chechens
NEC (Nakh)
165
1.2
1.8
0.0
24.2 48.5 17.6
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
N=0.6
Yunusbaev 2012[ 6]
Dargins
NEC (Dargin)
68
0
2.9
0
91.2
2.9
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.0
0.0
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Dargins
NEC (Dargin)
26
4
4
58
See "Others".
4
0
0
4
0
0
F[xG,I,J2,K]=27
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Dargins (Dargwa)
NEC (Dargin)
101
0
other=1
0
J1e=1
0
21.8
2.0
0
0
O3=3
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Dargins (Kaitaks )
NEC (Dargin)
33
0
0
0
3.3
0
3.3
6.7
3.3
0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Dargins (Kubachis )
NEC (Dargin)
65
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Georgians
Kartvelian (Karto-Zan)
63
2.0
30.1
0.0
36.5
1.6
7.9
14.3
6.3
1.6
Semino 2000[ 21]
Georgians
Kartvelian (Karto-Zan)
66
3.0
31.8
1.5
4.5
other=13.6
10.6
9.1
4.5
1.6
Battaglia 2009[ 17]
Georgians
Kartvelian (Karto-Zan)
77
2.6
31.2
3.9
20.8
2.6 [ 1] 10.4
10.4
1.3
2.6 [ 1] K[xP]=2.6
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Svans
Kartvelian (Svan)
25
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
F[xG,I,J2,K]= 92%
Wells 2001[ 13]
Georgians (Kazbegis )
Kartvelian (Karto-Zan)[ e]
25
0
4
72
0
4
8
0
0
F[xG,I,J2,K]=12
Wells 2001[ 13]
Ingush
NEC (Nakh)
143
0
0.7
2.8
other=1.4
3.5
0
0
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Ingush
NEC (Nakh)
22
0
5.0
5
0
32
5
0
0
0
0
F[xG,I,J2,K]=27
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Ingush
NEC (Nakh)
105
0.0
4.8
0.0
1.9
81.9 (all M67)
8.6
2.9
0
0
0
Yunusbaev 2012 [ 6]
Juhurim
AA (Semitic)
10
0
0
0
30 (all P58)
50 (M67=10%)
20
0
0
0
0
Yunusbaev 2012[ 6]
Karachays
Turkic
69
0
31.9
8.7 (P37.2=7.2,7.2 11.6 0
27.5
10.1
0
2.9
0.0
Yunusbaev 2012[ 6]
Kumyks
Turkic
76
2.6
11.8
0.0
21.1
25.0
0.0
13.2
19.7
3.9
1.3
J*=1.3
Yunusbaev 2012[ 6]
Laks
NEC (Lak)
21
9.5
4.8
14.3
42.9
14.3
0.0
9.5
4.8
0.0
0.0
Caciagli 2009[ 15]
Lezgins (Azerbaijan)
NEC (Lezgic)
12
17
0
See "Others".
0
8
17
0
F[xI,J2,K]=58
Wells 2001[ 13]
Lezgins (Dagestan)
NEC (Lezgic)
25
0
36
0
See "Others".
0
0
4
0
See "Others".
F[xI,G,J2,K]=32 (possible J1)
Nasidze 2003[ 1]
Lezgins
NEC (Lezgic)
31
6.5
9.7
9.7
58.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.1
0.0
0.0
Yunusbaev 2012[ 6]
Lezgins (Akhtynskiy District)
NEC (Lezgic)
81
1.2
13.5 0
44.4 J1*
2.5
1.2 L2
3.7
29.6
0
2.5
1.2 N1c1
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
Kara Nogai
Turkic
76
0
1.3
13.2 I-P37.2
2.6 J*
10.5 0
17.1
18.4
0
0
C=10.5
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Kuban Nogai
Turkic
87 }
0
13.8
0
21.8
16.1 0
12.6
17.2
0
1.1
C=8.0%
Yunusbayev 2012[ 3]
Ossetes
IE (Iranian, NE)
47
6.4
34.0
2.1
42.6
Rosser 2000[ 12]
North Ossetians
IE (Iranian, NE)
129
0
57.4
10.1
See "Others".
14.0
0.8
0.8
1.6
See "Others".
F[xI,G,J2,K]=3.9 (possible J1)
Nasidze 2004b[ 22]
North Ossetians (Iron)
IE (Iranian, NE)
230
0.4
74.3 [ 23] 0
1.3
0.4
3.0
0
N=0.4
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
North Ossetians (Digor)
IE (Iranian, NE)
127
0.8
60.6 [ 24] 0
3.9
0.8
16.5
0.8
Balanovsky 2011[ 5]
North Ossetians
IE (Iranian, NE)
132
1.5
69.7
0.0
3.8
18.2 (M67=9.8)
0.8
0.8
4.5
0
0
Q = 0.8
Yunusbaev 2012[ 6]
Russians (Adygea )
IE (Slavic, East)
78
24.4
Rootsi 2004[ 9]
Rutuls
NEC (Lezgic)
24
0.0
37.5
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
F[xG,I,J2,K]=58
Nasidze 2004a[ 2]
Tabassarans
NEC (Lezgic)
43
0.0
0.0
0.0
48.8
2.3
0.0
2.3
39.5
0.0
0.0
Yunusbaev 2012[ 6]
See also
Caucasus
Y-DNA haplogroups by groups
Notes
^ despite the fact that Shapsugs were also technically "Circassian", Dibirova labels this population "Circassians". In Rootsi, they are called "Adygei", or some variation of the word.
^ These are labeled "Circassians" (at least in the English version), but the sample was taken from the Karacheyo-Cherkess Republic, so they are labeled "Cherkess" here.
^ This is significant, as in Western Avaria, where the population was sampled, there are large number of non-Avars- Andic and Dido peoples- who are in fact ethnically misclassified as Avars by the Dagestani census.
^ Made by combining the Malgobek, Achkhoy-Martan and Khasavyurt Chechen populations
^ Although the Kazbegi Georgians speak Georgian, and have most likely done so for centuries, it is theorized by some that their (possible) ancestors, the Tzanars, who inhabited the region in Medieval and Ancient times, were a Nakh-speaking people , like Chechens and Ingush, possibly accounting for their large frequencies of J2
References
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