Wuhua dialect

Wuhua
五華話 / 五华话
Pronunciation[ŋ̍˧˩ fa˧˥ fa˥˩]
Native toSouthern China, Taiwan
RegionWuhua
Native speakers
(undated figure of 6,260,000)
Chinese characters
Pha̍k-fa-sṳ
Language codes
ISO 639-3
GlottologNone
Wuhua dialect
Traditional Chinese五華話
Simplified Chinese五华话
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinWǔhuáhuà

The Wuhua dialect (simplified Chinese: 五华话; traditional Chinese: 五華話; pinyin: Wǔhuáhuà, Hakka: ŋ̍˧˩ fa˧˥ fa˥˩, Kak-ka-fa (-va), Kak-fa (-va) is a major dialect of Hakka Chinese spoken in Wuhua County, Jiexi County, Shenzhen, eastern Dongguan, Northern Guangdong around Shaoguan, Sichuan Province, and Tonggu County in Jiangxi Province.

Overall, the Wuhua dialect is very similar to the prestige dialect of Hakka, the Meixian dialect.

Characteristics

The Wuhua dialect is characterized by the pronunciation of several voiced Middle Chinese qu-sheng (fourth tone) syllables of Moiyen dialect in the Shang-sheng (third tone). The tone-level of the yang-ping is a rising /13/, /35/ or /24/ instead of the low-level /11/ usually found in Meixian. In Wuhua-concentrated areas of Northern Bao'an and Eastern Dongguan, the same Meixian dialect tone level of the yang-ping is found. Two sets of fricatives and affricates (z, c, s, zh, ch, sh, s / ts’ / s, [ts], [tsh], [s] and [ts], [tsh], [s] and [tʃ ], [tʃh], [ ʃ ]) appear, similar to Mandarin Chinese. The distinctive "y" final is found in the Yuebei (Northern Guangdong) Hakka group and Sichuan group. Retroflexed initials in (Zhi series) “Knowledge”, 曉/晓 (Xiao group) “Dawn”, and part of (Xi) “Brook”, and poor usage of medials in Grade III and closed finals. Wuhua dialect exhibits “latter-word” tone sandhi. Phonologically, Wuhua showcases a north–south separation while lexically depicting an east- and middle-Guangdong separation, showing similarities to inland and coastal Hakka dialects. Lexically it shows east–west separation in Wuhua, which is quite different from the phonological point of view. Outwardly, lexicons in Wuhua show that the Wuhua dialect is on the diglossia that separates east and middle Guangdong. This way, the lexicons distinguish coast-side dialects from inland ones. The Wuhua dialect is transitional, no matter how it is seen historically or geographically. Overall, the Wuhua Hakka dialect is very similar to the prestige of the Moiyen (Meixian) Hakka dialect.

In the Wuhua Hakka dialect group, Qusheng consists of only QingQu syllables, Shangsheng is a combination of Qingshang and Zhuoqu Characters.

The rounded vowel [y] is common in Yuebei and Sichuan.

According to the Hakka classification of Hashimoto Mantaro, the Wuhua accent falls into Hakka dialects with a high rising staccato and high level tone, a falling tone contour for tone 4 and a rising feature for tone 2.

Background

Most varieties of Jiaying subdialect (Yue-Tai) belong to the Meixian patois, but those in northern Guangdong and Sichuan and some dialects in western Guangdong belong to the Wuhua patois, the Wuhua patoi merges Yangqu with the Shang tone instead, so that voiced characters of MC departing tones have the Shang tone, not Qu. Besides, the Meixian group has a Yingping tone value of 11, but Wuhua has the value of 35 or 24.

Location

Wuhua County is located in the upper reaches of the Han River. The southeast border of the county is adjacent to Fengshun, Jiexi, and Lufeng. Heyuan and Zijin are located on the southwest borders. The northwest border is connected to Longchuan and the northeast to Xingning. Due to the resulting language contact, Wuhua is affected by the dialectal assimilation of the surrounding areas.

The Wuhua dialect can be found in Wuhua County, Jiexi County, Northern Bao'An (formerly Xin'An (Sin-On), presently called Shenzhen), and Eastern Dongguan, in Guangdong Province, It can also be observed in Yuebei or Northern Guangdong around Shaoguan, as well as in Sichuan Province, and Tonggu County in Jiangxi Province.

Taiwan is also home to the Wuhua Hakka people who migrated from South Wuhua County during the Qing dynasty. Taiwanese Wuhua has observed many changes in its initials, finals, and lexicons. As a result, it shares characteristics with the neighboring Sixian (四縣) and Hailu (海陸) Dialects. The tones remained the same. Minority languages tend to assimilate with their superiors as observed in the Wuhua dialect of Taiwan. The Changle dialect originates in its eponym, the county of Changle (now Wuhua). Currently, speakers of the Yongding and Changle dialects have left their own families. Due to this, there are fewer dialects that are used in present-day Taiwan, including but not limited to prominent Sixian and Hailu dialects.

The internal variation within Wuhua County is minimal and is mostly seen in the phonology.[1] The Wuhua dialect spoken in Wuhua County is traditionally categorized into three subgroups:[2]

  • the northern subgroup, traditionally known as the Changle accent or Huacheng Dialect 華城話 / 华城话 (长乐声; 長樂聲; Chánglè shēng), represented by the dialect spoken in Huacheng; Market Towns where this Accent is spoken are Huacheng, and Qiling. [Huacheng dialect [華城話], [The water villages (Shuizhai) distributed in the county and its vicinity, that is, to the north of Anliu], distributed in the four towns of Huacheng, Xinqiao, Qiling and Shuangtou near Xingning in the north.]
  • the central subgroup, traditionally known as the Xiace accent or Shuizhai Dialect 水寨話 / 水寨话 (下侧声; 下側聲; Xiàcè shēng), represented by the dialect spoken in Shuizhai; Market Towns where this Accent is spoken are Shuizhai, Hedong, Guotian, Hengbei, Zhuangshui, and Tanxia. [Shuizhai dialect [水寨話], distributed in the county seat and its vicinity, that is, Shuizhai, Daba, Hedong, Yóutián, Pingnan, Hengpi, Xikeng, Xiaodu, Guotian, Zhuanshui, Tanxia, and Changbu in the north of Anliu, Datian, Zhoujiang, Zhongxing, Wenkui [文葵], Dadu, Shuanghua and other places.]
  • the southern subgroup, traditionally known as the Shangshan accent or Anliu Dialect 安流話 / 安流话 (上山声; 上山聲; Shàngshān shēng), represented by the dialect spoken in Anliu. The Hakka dialect in the south of Wuhua "Anliu Dialect" is influenced by the Hailu accent of its neighbors, so the tone is relatively hard. Market Towns where this Accent is spoken are Anliu, Zhoujiang, Shuanghua, Huayang, Meilin, Mianyang, and Longcun. [Shangshan dialect [上山聲], similar to Hakka dialects of Jiexi and Hailufeng, is distributed in Mianyang, Qiaojiang, Meilin, Huayang, Longcun, Xiāofāng, Dengshe, etc. south of Anliu. Shuizhai [水寨話] dialect and Huacheng [華城話] dialect are collectively called Xiashan dialect [下山聲/話]. The original Hakka dialect is Cantonese and Taiwanese [Yuetai] dialect Family, while Shangshan dialect belongs to Hakka dialect Zhangchao dialect Family [客家話漳潮片].]
  • A western subgroup, which only includes the dialect spoken in Changbu (长布; 長布; Chángbù) 長佈話 / 长布话, may be added.[3]
  • New Wuhua speech, Due to its proximity to Xingning City, the spoken language of young people in Wuhua County has been deeply affected by the Xingning dialect, especially in northern towns. Also, due to modern schooling, and mass movement, more modern vocabulary is entering the dialect. Wuhua dialect ending consonants have changed from -m to -ng[ŋ] and from -p to -k
  • Changle accent, On the Island of Taiwan, the Hakka people who use Changle accent mainly live in the area of Taozhu Miao, and a small number of them are scattered in Taipei and Taichung. Most of their ancestors are from Anliu Town and Meilin Town in Wuhua County. Features of Wuhua Dialect. Changle accent is gradually declining in Taiwan and tends to merge with the four-counties accent (Sixian accent) .

In more detailed analysis:

  • In Zijin County, the Nanlu accent (南路腔; Nánlù qiāng) spoken in the towns of Longwo, as well as some villages in Shuidun Township, Nanling, Yangtou, Su District, and other villages, This Accent is similar to the Wuhua dialect due to the area's proximity to Wuhua County. The Villagers speak with a Wuhua Accent, Zijin County's Prestige accent, Zicheng's Qusheng Tone is spoken in Wuhua County's Shangsheng Tone,[4] Related to Yuencheng, Dongyuen, Longchuan, Heping, Lianping.
  • The Yuebei group; [粵北] is the most dominant dialect in the rural area of Northern Guangdong around Shaoguan. (c. 2 million speakers), The Speech spoken in Xinfeng, Qujiang and Ruyuan
  • Jiexihua [揭西话; 揭西話] is spoken by the inhabitants of Jiexi County in Guangdong Province. The Hakka accent of Wuyun Town is relatively close to the Hakka accent of Wuhua County (c. 500,000 speakers)
  • Dongguan Hakka [东莞话; 東莞話] is spoken by Hakka inhabitants, in the Eastern part of Dongguan County and North of Bao’an county. This accent has the Yangping as a level tone of value 11, Like Meixian Dialect. (c. 60T speakers)
  • The Sichuan Hakka group or “Tu-Guangdonghua” (四川客家話; 四川客家话) is spoken by the migrants from Wuhua County, Meizhou, Guangdong to Sichuan Province (c. 1-2 million speakers)
  • Tongguhua (銅鼓話; 铜鼓话) is spoken by the people in and around Tonggu County, Jiangxi Province. (c. 1 million speakers)
  • The Changle accent (长乐腔; 長樂腔) was once used in Taiwan as one of the seven major Hakka accents. There are other accents such as Sixian, Hoiliuk, Yongding, Changle/Wuhua, Dabu, Raoping, and Chao'An. It was introduced to the territory by settlers from Changle County (present-day Wuhua) in Jiaying (present-day Meizhou) and immigrants from Yong'an County, Present-day Zijin County (Huizhou Prefecture). Its language is akin to the accents adjacent to the Qin River near Anliu and its surrounding area, in the south of Wuhua County located in present-day mainland China. However, in the Qu Lao Keng area in Yangmei District (specifically Taoyuan City) on Taiwan, there are still many families who utilize the Changle Accent., In Taiwan, the Hakka people who use Changle accent mainly live in the area of Taozhumiao, and a small number of them are scattered in Taipei and Taichung. Most of their ancestral homes are Anliu Town and Meilin Town in Wuhua County. They belong to the Shangshan Accent, and some of the Characteristics of earlier days are preserved. The characteristics of Wuhua dialect. Changle accent is gradually declining in Taiwan and tends to merge with the Sixian accent., "Most of the Wuhua Hakka immigrants in Taiwan came from the vicinity of Anliu. During the Qing Dynasty, they followed Hailufeng to immigrate to the Hailufeng immigration area in Taoyuan and Hsinchu. Therefore, Taiwan's Wuhua Hakka has almost integrated into Hailuke. The Changle dialect has disappeared in Taiwan."
  • Other areas Related to the Wuhua Hakka Accent:

Meizhou: Fengshun,

Qingyuan: Yingde, Qingxing, Qingcheng, Lianzhou, Lianshan and Liannan,

Guangzhou: Conghua, and other places on the Pearl River Delta,

Guangxi: Hezhou (贺州), in Liantang (莲塘), Shatian (沙田), Gonghui (公会), Guiling (桂岭), Huangtian (黄田)

Phonology

Consonant inventory

Labial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive tenuis p t k
aspirated
Affricate ts
Aspirated affricate tsʰ tʂʰ
Fricative f v s ʂ h
Approximant l

Finals

Most finals are the same with Meixian / Moiyen dialect, except for:

Moiyen Wuhua
uon on
ian an
ien
i ui
in un
uan has lost the "u" medial, example: "kan"
uai
uon
ien en

Vowel inventory

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a

Tones

Wuhua tones
Tone number Tone name Hanzi Tone letters number English
1 yin ping 陰平 ˦ 44 high
2 yang ping 陽平 ˩ 34 low
3 shang ˧˩ 21 low falling
4 qu ˥˧ 42 high falling
5 yin ru 陰入 ˩ 21 low checked
6 yang ru 陽入 ˥ 44 high checked

In Wuhua, Shaoguan (and most dialects around it), and Sichuan, the Yangping is usually 35 instead of 11.

Wuhua Romanization and IPA

Romanization IPA
b [p]
p [pʰ]
m [m]
f [f]
v [v]
d [t]
t [tʰ]
n [n]
l [l]
g [k]
k [kʰ]
ng [ŋ]
h [h]
j [ts](i)
q [tsʰ](i)
x [s](i)
z* [ts]
c* [tsʰ]
s* [s]
zh* [tʂ]
ch* [tʂʰ]
sh* [ʂ]
a [a]
o [ɔ]
i [i]
u [u]
ê [ɛ]
e [ɨ]

Romanization with an asterisk (*) always precedes an [i].[clarification needed]

Notes

  1. ^ Zhu 2010, p. 2.
  2. ^ Zhu 2010, p. 2–3.
  3. ^ Hsu 2010, p. 18.
  4. ^ Zijin Xian Difangzhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui 2013, vol. 27, ch. 3, sec. 1.

References

  • Hsu, Fan-ping 徐汎平 (2010). Guǎngdōng Wǔhuá Kèjiāhuà bǐjiào yánjiū 廣東五華客家話比較研究 [Comparative Study of a Hakka Dialect in Wuhua, Guangdong] (Master's thesis) (in Chinese). Guoli zhongyang daxue.
  • Zhu, Bingyu 朱炳玉 (2010). Wǔhuá Kèjiāhuà yánjiū 五华客家话研究 [A Study of Wuhua Hakka] (in Chinese). Guangzhou: Huanan ligong daxue chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-5623-3299-2.
  • Zijin Xian Difangzhi Bianzuan Weiyuanhui 紫金县地方志编纂委员会编, ed. (2013). Zǐjīn xiànzhì (1979-2004) 紫金县志(1979~2004) (in Chinese). Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin chubanshe. ISBN 978-7-218-09238-6.

Read other articles:

Papa Agatone79º papa della Chiesa cattolicaElezione27 giugno 678 Fine pontificato10 gennaio 681(2 anni e 197 giorni) Cardinali creativedi categoria Predecessorepapa Dono Successorepapa Leone II  NascitaPalermo, 575 circa MorteRoma, 10 gennaio 681 SepolturaAntica basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano Manuale Sant'Agatone Papa  NascitaPalermo, 575 circa MorteRoma, 10 gennaio 681 Venerato daChiesa cattolica, Chiese ortodosse Ricorrenza10 gennaio Manuale Agatone (Palermo, 5...

 

 

1971 aviation accident in Connecticut, United States Allegheny Airlines Flight 485A Convair CV-580, similar to the aircraft involved in the accidentAccidentDateJune 7, 1971[1]SummaryPilot errorSiteTweed New Haven Regional Airport, New Haven, Connecticut, United States[1] 41°14′45″N 72°53′15″W / 41.24583°N 72.88750°W / 41.24583; -72.88750AircraftAircraft typeConvair CV-580[1]OperatorAllegheny Airlines[1]RegistrationN5832&...

 

 

Giacomo Stucchi Presidente della Lega LombardaDurata mandatodicembre 2017 –31 gennaio 2020 PredecessoreGiancarlo Giorgetti SuccessoreCarica cessata Presidente del COPASIRDurata mandato6 giugno 2013 –22 marzo 2018 PredecessoreMassimo D'Alema SuccessoreLorenzo Guerini Presidente della 14ª Commissione Affari Europei della Camera dei deputatiDurata mandato21 giugno 2001 –27 aprile 2006 PredecessoreLuigi Berlinguer SuccessoreFranca Bimbi Senatore de...

The following is an incomplete list of notable sushi restaurants. Sushi is a Japanese food composed of specially prepared vinegared rice combined with varied ingredients such as (chiefly) seafood (often uncooked), vegetables, egg, and occasionally tropical fruits. Styles of sushi and its presentation vary widely, but the key ingredient is sushi rice, also referred to as shari or sumeshi. Numerous traditions surround not only the preparation of sushi, but also its service and consumption. Int...

 

 

Aircraft industrialist and designer, founder of Northrop Corporation Jack NorthropNorthrop with the XB-35, circa 1948BornJohn Knudsen Northrop(1895-11-10)November 10, 1895Newark, New Jersey, U.S.DiedFebruary 18, 1981(1981-02-18) (aged 85)Occupation(s)Aeronautics EngineerIndustrial DesignerBusinessmanSpouseInez Harmer (1894-1981)[citation needed] John Knudsen Northrop (November 10, 1895 – February 18, 1981) was an American aircraft industrialist and designer who founded the ...

 

 

American baseball player (born 1983) Baseball player Brandon LeagueLeague with the Los Angeles DodgersPitcherBorn: (1983-03-16) March 16, 1983 (age 41)Sacramento, California, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutSeptember 21, 2004, for the Toronto Blue JaysLast MLB appearanceSeptember 27, 2014, for the Los Angeles DodgersMLB statisticsWin–loss record27–35Earned run average3.65Strikeouts375Saves74 Teams Toronto Blue Jays (2004–2009) Seattle Mariners (2...

Koordinat: 33°52′44″S 151°12′24″E / 33.878983°S 151.206669°E / -33.878983; 151.206669 Roden Cutler House Roden Cutler House adalah sebuah pencakar langit di Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Terdiri dari 30 tingkat perkantoran/komersial. Pembangunan selesai tahun 1975 dan terletak di 24 Campbell Street, Sydney. Tinggi hingga antena 112m dan tinggi struktur 108m. Bangunan ini dinamai mengikuti Sir Roden Cutler, Gubernur New South Wales yang menjabat terlam...

 

 

Pulau BokorPulauLuas • Total18 km2 (7 sq mi) Pulau Bokor merupakan pulau yang berada pada gugusan Kepulauan Seribu yang secara administratif termasuk dalam wilayah Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu provinsi DKI Jakarta kawasan ini telah ditetapkan sebagai daerah konservasi (cagar alam) sejak tahun 1931 berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda Nomor: 6 tanggal 15 November 1931 (staadblad 683) jenis-jenis pohon pantai seperti Kepuh, Ketapang...

 

 

Avril 1775 Nombre de jours 30 Premier jour Samedi 1er avril 17756e jour de la semaine 13 Dernier jour Dimanche 30 avril 17757e jour de la semaine 17 Calendrier avril 1775 Sem Lu Ma Me Je Ve Sa Di 13 1er 2 14 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23  17 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1775 • Années 1770 • XVIIIe siècle Mois précédent et suivant Mars 1775 Mai 1775 Avril précédent et suivant Avril 1774 Avril 1776 Chronologies par zone géographique C...

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl(英文)(波兰文)2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会(東京)2021年7月23日至8月8日(受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟,但仍保留原定名称)運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式:帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基(游泳)和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡(自行车)[1]闭幕式:卡罗利娜·纳亚(皮划艇)&#...

 

 

artikel ini tidak memiliki pranala ke artikel lain. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Bantu kami untuk mengembangkannya dengan memberikan pranala ke artikel lain secukupnya. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Januari 2023. Tan Hin Kon...

 

 

Artikel ini mengenai Allah dalam istilah Kekristenan di Indonesia dan bukan mengenai Allah, Tuhan dalam Islam. Untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut, lihat artikel Penggunaan Allah bagi umat Kristen Indonesia. Bagian dari sebuah serial tentangSepuluhPerintah Allah Akulah TUHAN Allahmu Jangan ada allah lain Jangan membuat patung apa pun Jangan sembarangan menyebut nama TUHAN Kuduskanlah hari Sabat Hormatilah ayahmu dan ibumu Jangan membunuh Jangan berzinah Jangan mencuri Jangan bersaksi dusta Jangan me...

District in Andhra Pradesh, India District of Andhra Pradesh in IndiaKrishna districtDistrict of Andhra PradeshGhantasala stupaVijayawada AirportMachilipatnam beachLocation of Krishna district in Andhra PradeshCoordinates (Machilipatnam): 16°10′55″N 81°08′02″E / 16.182°N 81.134°E / 16.182; 81.134Country IndiaState Andhra PradeshRegionKosta AndhraHeadquartersMachilipatnamAdministrative divisions03 revenue divisions26 mandalsGovernment • ...

 

 

Language group in Bhutan East BodishEthnicityMonpa people etc.GeographicdistributionBhutanLinguistic classificationSino-TibetanTibeto-BurmanTibeto-Kanauri (?)BodishEast BodishGlottologmain1269 The East Bodish languages are a small group of non-Tibetic Bodish languages spoken in eastern Bhutan and adjacent areas of Tibet and India. They include: Dakpa (Tawang Monpa) Dzala Nyen, including Mangde and Phobjib Chali Bumthang Kheng Kurtöp Overview Bod (བོད) is the endonym for Tibet. The term...

 

 

Genus of flowering plants in the family Araceae Lemna Common duckweed (Lemna minor) Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Monocots Order: Alismatales Family: Araceae Subfamily: Lemnoideae Genus: LemnaL. Synonyms[1][2] Staurogeton Rchb. Lenticularia Ség. Lenticula P.Micheli ex Adans. Hydrophace Hallier Telmatophace Schleid. Thelmatophace Godr. Lenticularia P.Micheli ex Montandon Lemna is a genus of free-floating aquatic plant...

Ursula von der Leyen Presiden Komisi EropaPetahanaMulai menjabat 1 Desember 2019Wakil PresidenFrans TimmermansPendahuluJean-Claude JunckerPenggantiPetahanaMenteri Pertahanan Jerman[1]Masa jabatan17 Desember 2013 – 17 Juli 2019KanselirAngela MerkelPendahuluThomas de MaizièrePenggantiAnnegret Kramp-KarrenbauerMenteri Perburuhan dan Sosial[2]Masa jabatan30 November 2009 – 17 Desember 2013KanselirAngela MerkelPendahuluFranz Josef JungPenggantiAndrea Nahl...

 

 

Subgenre of heavy metal music This article is about the musical genre. For the albums, see Black Metal (Venom album) and Black Metal (Dean Blunt album). For other uses, see Black Metal (disambiguation). Black metalStylistic originsThrash metal[1]death metal[2]hardcore punk[3][4]Cultural originsEarly to mid-1980s, EnglandScandinaviaDerivative formsDungeon synth[5]Subgenres Ambient black metal folk black metal industrial black metal post-black metal (blac...

 

 

صانعات عديمة اللون تخزن النشا في البطاطا. الصانعات عديمة اللون أو الصانعات البيضاء أو الجُبيلات البيضاء[1] (بالإنجليزية: Leucoplast)‏ هي نوع من الصانعات الخلوية التي توجد عادة في كل أجزاء النبات البعيدة عن ضوء الشمس (كالجذور والدرنات والبذور).[2] وظيفتها التخزين فقد تخزن ...

Entry control building This article is about fortified or decorative gate structures. For other uses, see Gatehouse (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Gatehouse – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The southern e...

 

 

County in Northern Ireland This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: County Down – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) County in Northern Ireland, United KingdomCounty Down Contae an Dúin (Irish) Coontie Doon/Countie Doun (Ulster-...