The games in the series have a shared setting, also named the World of Darkness, which is a dark, gothic-punk interpretation of the real world, where supernatural beings such as vampires and werewolves exist in secrecy. The original series' setting has a large focus on lore and overarching narrative, whereas Chronicles of Darkness's setting has no such narrative and presents the details of its setting as optional.
The series has been well received critically for its setting, writing, and art direction, and has won or been nominated for awards including the Origins Award. It has also been commercially successful, with millions of game books sold; by 2001, Vampire: The Masquerade was the second highest selling tabletop role-playing game after TSR, Inc.'s Dungeons & Dragons. The series has been adapted into other media, including the television series Kindred: The Embraced, actual playweb series, novels and anthologies, comic books, card games, and a line of video games.
Both series are supported with supplementary sourcebooks detailing backgrounds and character types, which can be used when creating adventures for one's players; pre-made adventure modules have also occasionally been published.[5][6] The Chronicles of Darkness sourcebooks in particular present the information as optional and something one may choose whether to include in one's game.[6] The supplements often take the form of a book describing a location as it is portrayed in the setting, such as Vampire: The Masquerade's series of By Night books and Werewolf: The Apocalypse'sRage Across series.[7][8] Several splatbooks – sourcebooks detailing character classes or organizations – have also been published, such as the Clanbook series, describing vampire clans, and the Kithbook line, covering types of fae.[3][8]
Common elements
The games in the original series are set in a shared universe, also named the World of Darkness,[9][10] which is a dark, gothic-punk interpretation of the real world, rife with corruption. In it, supernatural beings such as vampires, mages, and werewolves exist in secrecy, influencing humanity and clashing against each other; players take the roles of these beings,[11] who belong to various classes such as Vampire: The Masquerade's vampire clans, and Werewolf: The Apocalypse's werewolf tribes.[6] The series as a whole is themed around personal horror, while individual games have their own themes, such as redemption and humanity in Vampire: The Masquerade, and hubris in Mage: The Ascension.[11] The series is known for its focus on metaplot – an overarching story for the setting that advances as new game books are released.[3][6]
Whereas the original series has a large focus on lore and background information for its setting,[11] the urban horror Chronicles of Darkness setting does not to the same extent;[6][11][12] it does not have a metaplot, and it presents any setting information as strictly optional to include in campaigns. With its lesser focus on lore and less defined world, Chronicles of Darkness also streamlines the character types, stripping the many vampire clans and werewolf tribes from the original series down to five each.[6]
The person leading campaigns – a role called gamemaster or dungeon master in other games – is called a storyteller in World of Darkness, highlighting how the series is more focused on collaborative storytelling than on combat or on players overcoming the game leader's challenges; the rules exist to give players a framework for telling stories, and players are rewarded by being part of the setting rather than by escalating power levels.[11]Chronicles of Darkness has a larger focus on making the gameplay systems work together, enabling easier cross-over play between the games.[11]
History
1990–2006: White Wolf Publishing
The series was originally created by game designer Mark Rein-Hagen.
The World of Darkness series began development in 1990 by game designer Mark Rein-Hagen at White Wolf Publishing, as his next major role-playing game project after 1987's Ars Magica. Designed as the first in a planned series of five annual games, Vampire: The Masquerade was released in 1991, and was followed by Werewolf: The Apocalypse (1992), Mage: The Ascension (1993), Wraith: The Oblivion (1994), and Changeling: The Dreaming (1995), all set in the same world and using the Storyteller rule system. This rapid expansion with new games, although successful and capturing players' and the industry's interest, led to often flawed first editions, prompting several revised, new editions of the core rulebooks between 1992–2000, resulting in Mage: The Ascension morphing a lot between its editions as its themes changed. Ars Magica was initially tied to World of Darkness and used as a historical backdrop:[3] its House Tremere was reused as a vampire clan in Vampire: The Masquerade, and its Order of Hermes as a mage tradition in Mage: The Ascension. The rights to Ars Magica were sold to Wizards of the Coast in 1994, and the histories of the games were separated.[3]
Rein-Hagen constantly moved on to designing new games after finishing one,[3] designing all the original five games except Mage: The Ascension, which was designed by White Wolf Publishing's founders, brothers Stewart and Steve Wieck, and Chris Earley;[3][13] as such, new staff were brought in to manage the game lines, including Andrew Greenberg for Vampire and Bill Bridges for Werewolf, who came to define the look and feel of the series. An economic downturn for White Wolf Publishing in 1995–1996, caused in part by bookstore returns for World of Darkness novelizations, led to a falling out between Rein-Hagen and the Wieck brothers, after which Rein-Hagen left the company. As the original planned five annual games had already been published, White Wolf Publishing next devised a new model of role-playing games with a historical setting based on previous games, resulting in Vampire: The Dark Ages (1996), Werewolf: The Wild West (1997), and Mage: The Sorcerers Crusade (1998), of which only Vampire: The Dark Ages sold well. This led to the cancellation of the underperforming Wraith line, with the release of the historical-setting Wraith: The Great War and the 1999 supplement Ends of Empire, which functioned as a finale to the game's metaplot.[3]
In 1997, White Wolf Publishing developed another model, where they would release a game that required another World of Darkness rule book to play, which thereby would get the same attention as a new stand-alone core game without requiring them to further support it with supplements; this was used for 1997's Mummy Second Edition and its 2001 re-release Mummy: The Resurrection, and 1998's Kindred of the East. The two final major modern-day-setting World of Darkness role-playing games, Hunter: The Reckoning and Demon: The Fallen, followed in 1999 and 2002, after which White Wolf Publishing returned to historical-setting games with Victorian Age: Vampire and Dark Ages: Vampire, a new edition of Vampire: The Dark Ages, and a line of Dark Ages games based on other World of Darkness games that, like Kindred of the East and Mummy, required a main game's rule book to be played. A final game, Orpheus, was released in 2003 as a sequel to Wraith.[3]
In 2004, following dwindling sales, White Wolf Publishing ended the series with the major event Time of Judgment: a line of books that ended the overarching narratives of Vampire: The Masquerade, Werewolf: The Apocalypse, Mage: The Ascension, Changeling: The Dreaming, Demon: The Fallen, Hunter: The Reckoning, Kindred of the East, and Mummy: The Resurrection. Following this, White Wolf Publishing rebooted the series with the 2004 rulebook The World of Darkness, and released new games with updated Storytelling System gameplay rules and a new setting, beginning with Vampire: The Requiem in 2004 and Werewolf: The Forsaken and Mage: The Awakening in 2005.[3]
2006–2015: CCP Games
CCP Games acquired White Wolf Publishing and World of Darkness in 2006.
In 2006, the Icelandic video game developer CCP Games acquired White Wolf Publishing and their intellectual properties, with the intention of developing an online video game based on World of Darkness. Business continued as usual until 2009, when CCP Games started transferring White Wolf Publishing staff to video game development and slowed down tabletop game production.[3]
The CCP Games incarnation of White Wolf Publishing published its last print products for distribution in 2011, with Vampire: The Masquerade 20th Anniversary Edition, an update of the pre-reboot game. Amid mass layoffs at CCP Games the same year, leaving few resources to produce tabletop games, White Wolf Publishing's creative director Rich Thomas formed Onyx Path Publishing and licensed both of the World of Darkness series, continuing support for them and producing new material. This included further anniversary editions, and new games like Mummy: The Curse (2013) and Demon: The Descent (2014);[3] these projects were frequently financed through crowdfunding.[14]
2015–present: Paradox Interactive
White Wolf Publishing and its intellectual properties were sold again in 2015, to the Swedish video game publisher Paradox Interactive.[15] Following this, the rebooted World of Darkness series was renamed Chronicles of Darkness, while the original series remained as World of Darkness. This was done to prevent confusion among players over there being two series and settings with the same name:[16] Prior to the renaming, the two had been distinguished from each other by being referred to as the Old or Classic World of Darkness and the New World of Darkness.[3][17] Onyx Path Publishing's in-development Vampire: The Masquerade 4th Edition, which they had announced only a few months earlier,[14] was cancelled following this, as Paradox Interactive planned to publish their own fifth edition.[18][a]
The Paradox Interactive incarnation of White Wolf Publishing released the fifth edition of Vampire: The Masquerade in 2018, which included references to neo-Nazis and a character interpreted as being a pedophile, leading to accusations that they were catering to neo-Nazi groups. White Wolf Publishing denied that this was their intention, and apologized.[19] Following the use of the real-world anti-gay purges in Chechnya as the backdrop for fictional events in Vampire: The Masquerade sourcebooks, in what Paradox Interactive's vice president of business development described as a "crude and disrespectful" way, Paradox Interactive integrated White Wolf Publishing directly into the parent company, made changes to its leadership, suspended sales and printings of the books, and halted its development and publishing of World of Darkness games.[20] The material was removed from the books, and Vampire: The Masquerade development was moved to the licensee Modiphius Entertainment and collaborators including Onyx Path Publishing.[21][22]
Starting with the 2020 book Vampire: The Masquerade Companion, Paradox Interactive introduced further changes to the handling of the series: headed by creative lead Justin Achilli, they would develop core game books internally, while collaborator Renegade Game Studios would develop other game material. Along with this reorganization, Paradox Interactive announced that World of Darkness development from then on would involve sensitivity reviewers to ensure respectful portrayal of themes and topics.[23][24] In addition to tabletop game development, the World of Darkness team at Paradox Interactive plans the setting's overarching narrative, and coordinates with external developers, such as those of World of Darkness video game adaptations, to ensure cohesion.[25]
In addition to the tabletop games, the series has expanded into other media, including video games, card and board games, the Mind's Eye Theatre series of live action role-playing games, novels,[3][26] fiction anthologies,[27] comics,[28] the 1996 television series Kindred: The Embraced,[29] the actual playweb seriesL.A. by Night (2018), Seattle by Night (2019), Vein Pursuit (2020), and The Nightlife (2021),[30][31] and an in-development film and television franchise.[32] Although World of Darkness multimedia projects slowed down under CCP Games, production began anew after Paradox Interactive acquired the series.[30]
A collectible card game based on Vampire: The Masquerade was released by Wizards of the Coast in 1994 as Jyhad, before being re-launched a year later as Vampire: The Eternal Struggle;[3][33] Wizards of the Coast continued publishing it until 1996, and then White Wolf took over, publishing it in 2000–2010.[3] In 2018, Black Chantry Productions licensed The Eternal Struggle, reprinting old cards and continuing production of the game.[33][34] Following The Eternal Struggle, White Wolf also published a collectible card game on their own, Rage, based on Werewolf: The Apocalypse, from 1995 to 1996, which was even more successful than The Eternal Struggle; Five Rings Publishing licensed it, and continued producing it in 1998–1999.[3] Two other Vampire: The Masquerade card games, Vendetta and Rivals, were released in 2021 by Horrible Guild and Renegade Game Studios, respectively.[35][36] A story-based board game, Vampire: The Masquerade – Chapters, is in development by Flyos Games.[37]
A large number of World of Darkness novels and anthologies have been published,[27][38] starting with the Werewolf: The Apocalypse anthology Drums Around the Fire in 1993,[3] and were described by What Do I Read Next? A Reader's Guide to Current Genre Fiction as "old-fashioned adventures" in the style of pulp fiction.[27] The books were popular and helped White Wolf Publishing grow,[3][38][39] and were described as leading among horror novelizations by The Mammoth Book of Best New Horror in 1996,[40] but were in the end not financially successful, due to book chains closing mall stores in 1995–1996 and returning a large amount of unsold books to the publisher.[3] By 1998, What Do I Read Next? considered the novelizations to have improved in quality, citing White Wolf's move to commissioning established horror and fantasy writers;[27] in 2002, Black Gate considered Andrew Bates's Year of the Scarab Trilogy a standout compared to previous "lackluster" World of Darkness novels.[41] New World of Darkness novelizations started to disappear around 2006,[3] but have since resumed.[42]
The series has been adapted into comics, sometimes published in the World of Darkness tabletop game books,[43][44] but also as comic books, including Vampire: The Masquerade and Werewolf: The Apocalypse lines published by Moonstone Books in the early 2000s,[45] and a Vampire: The Masquerade series published by Vault Comics since 2020.[28]
There are several video game adaptations of the series, based on Vampire: The Masquerade, Hunter: The Reckoning,[46]Mage: The Ascension,[47]Werewolf: The Apocalypse,[48] and Wraith: The Oblivion.[49] Critical reception of the games has varied, ranging from average to positive,[b] with 2004's Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines standing out, being described by video game publications as a cult classic[54][55][56] and a "flawed masterpiece";[57][58][59] when Paradox Interactive acquired the series, they had considered Bloodlines the "crown jewel" of World of Darkness, and something they knew from the start that they wanted to bring back with a sequel.[60]
Reception
World of Darkness has been critically well received, with several of its games having won or been nominated for awards,[c] and with Vampire: The Masquerade having been inducted into the Origins Award hall of fame.[68] The series has also been highly successful financially, primarily in the United States, with over three million game books sold by the late 1990s;[10][69][70] around 1995, new World of Darkness releases were frequently top sellers, making White Wolf the second biggest publisher of tabletop role-playing games at the time after TSR, Inc.,[3] and by 2001, Vampire: The Masquerade was the second best selling tabletop role-playing game after TSR, Inc.'s Dungeons & Dragons.[71] Onyx Path Publishing's crowdfunding campaigns for World of Darkness games and material have also been successful, particularly those for the original series, such as the anniversary editions of Werewolf: The Apocalypse and Mage: The Ascension.[3]
The series' setting, plot, and art direction have been well received,[d] with Rue Morgue describing the series' "fabulous artwork" as one of its major strengths,[72]Fenix praising the series' mood and the quality of the writing,[73] and Realms of Fantasy appreciating the broad scope and the familiarity to players due to being based on the real world.[74][77]Shadis described the setting as "truly unique", bringing something never before seen to games.[78] Some publications found the setting too crowded or defined, however;[6][75]Diehard GameFan thought this took away from opportunities for horror,[75] and Tor.com thought it left little room to tell new stories, often choosing to ignore the metaplot when running games.[6] In his book series Designers & Dragons, Shannon Appelcline considered the series' focus on metaplot to likely be what had caused sales to dwindle prior to the reboot, as players would have stopped playing the games when feeling they could not keep up with the story. Reactions to the Chronicles of Darkness setting have been divided, with some preferring the original series' setting for being more fantastical and grand in scale, and some the reboot's more grounded setting.[3]
The original series' rules were criticized by Arcane as, although generally easy to understand, often having confusing and unclear combat rules,[79] while Tor.com described them as having a recurring problem with statistical anomalies.[12] The updated gameplay rules of Chronicles of Darkness were however generally seen as a big improvement,[e] and seen by critics as fluid, elegant and open-ended, to the point where Tor.com and Backstab recommended using them even when running non-Chronicles of Darkness games.[f]Fenix appreciated the speed of creating characters and of playing, comparing the system of dice pools and dots favorably to number-based role-playing game systems.[81]
In his 2023 book Monsters, Aliens, and Holes in the Ground, RPG historian Stu Horvath noted, "For all of the innovation and great ideas on display across all of the World of Darkness lines, there were problems from the start. The first version of nearly every game in the series was ugly and semi-broken, followed soon after by the second edition, which attempted to salvage the games with corrections and tidier production values. Given that White Wolf books had a habit of physically falling to pieces in short order, that is, perhaps, a feature and not a bug."[82]
References
^The difference in numbering comes from how Onyx Path Publishing had planned their 4th Edition as a follow-up to the third Vampire: The Masquerade version, Revised Edition,[14] seeing the anniversary release as a compilation rather than its own edition, whereas Paradox Interactive counts 20th Anniversary Edition as version 4.[18]
^Colin, Fabrice; Lhomme, Tristan (April 1996). "Vampire : La gamme aux dents longues" [Vampire: A thirsty and ambitious line-up of games]. Casus Belli (in French). No. 93. Excelsior Publications. pp. 36–38.
^ abLhomme, Tristan; Colin, Fabrice (May 1996). "Loup-garou, Mage, Wraith & Changeling : Les petits fréres de Vampire" [Werewolf, Mage, Wraith & Changeling: Vampire's little brothers]. Casus Belli (in French). No. 94. Excelsior Publications. pp. 26–29.
^Bassingthwaite, Don (2002). "Year of the Scarab Trilogy I: Herald of the Storms, II: Lay Down With Lions, III: Land of the Dead". Black Gate. No. 4. New Epoch Press. pp. 109–111.
^"Trophées Casus Belli 1992 du jeu de rôle" [Casus Belli trophies 1992 for role-playing games]. Casus Belli (in French). No. 74. Excelsior Publications. March–April 1993. pp. 18–19.
^"Trophées Casus Belli 1993 du jeu de rôle" [Casus Belli trophies 1993 for role-playing games]. Casus Belli (in French). No. 80. Excelsior Publications. April–May 1994. pp. 16–17.
^"Trophées Casus Belli 1994 du jeu de rôle" [Casus Belli trophies 1994 for role-playing games]. Casus Belli (in French). No. 86. Excelsior Publications. April–May 1995. pp. 16–17.
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Adamo (disambigua). Sant'AdamoMichelangelo Buonarroti, Creazione di Adamo, volta della Cappella Sistina (1511 circa) Primo uomo e Patriarca Venerato daTutte le Chiese che ammettono il culto dei santi Ricorrenza24 dicembre Attributifoglia di fico Manuale Adamo (in ebraico אָדָם?, in arabo آدم?, ʾĀdam) è il nome, secondo l'ebraismo, il cristianesimo e l'islam, del primo uomo. Il racconto ...
Honda Tadakatsu本多 忠勝 Informasi pribadiLahir(1548-03-17)17 Maret 1548Mikawa， JepangMeninggal3 Desember 1610(1610-12-03) (umur 62)Edo， JepangSunting kotak info • L • B Honda Tadakatsu (本多 忠勝code: ja is deprecated ) (17 Maret 1548 – 3 Desember 1610), yang juga dipanggil Honda Heihachirō (本多 平八郎), adalah samurai pada masa perang saudara Jepang/periode Sengoku yang mengabdi pada Tokugawa Ieyasu sejak memulai kariernya dari awal hing...
A Rite of PassageLagu oleh Dream Theaterdari album Black Clouds & Silver LiningsDirilis11 Mei 2009FormatDigitalDirekam2008-2009GenreProgressive metalDurasi8:36 (versi album)5:40 (versi video edit)LabelRoadrunnerPenciptaJohn PetrucciProduserJohn Petrucci & Mike Portnoy A Rite of Passage adalah singel pertama dari album Black Clouds & Silver Linings. awalnya dirilis secara gratis di situs Roadrunner pada tanggal 11 Mei 2009.[1] Lagu ini menempati trek kedua pada album Black ...
An OdeSampul digitalAlbum studio karya SeventeenDirilis16 September 2019 (2019-09-16)GenreK-popDurasi36:00BahasaKoreanLabelPledisKronologi Seventeen You Made My Dawn(2019) An Ode(2019) Heng:garæ(2020) Singel dalam album An Ode HitDirilis: 5 Agustus 2019 FearDirilis: 16 September 2019 An Ode adalah album studio ketiga dari grup vokal pria asal Korea Selatan Seventeen.[1] Album ini dirilis pada tanggal 16 September 2019, melalui Pledis Entertainment.[2] Album ini memul...
1956 American epic Western drama film For the Off-Broadway musical, see Giant (musical). GiantTheatrical release poster by Bill GoldDirected byGeorge StevensScreenplay by Fred Guiol Ivan Moffat Based onGiant1952 novelby Edna FerberProduced by George Stevens Henry Ginsberg Starring Elizabeth Taylor Rock Hudson James Dean Carroll Baker Jane Withers Chill Wills Mercedes McCambridge Sal Mineo Dennis Hopper Elsa Cárdenas Earl Holliman CinematographyWilliam C. MellorEdited by William Hornbeck Phil...
Keuskupan Le HavreDioecesis Portus GratiaeDiocèse du HavreKatolik Katedral Le HavreLokasiNegara PrancisProvinsi gerejawiRouenStatistikLuas1.902 km2 (734 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2013)417.600364,000 (87.2%)InformasiDenominasiKatolik RomaGereja sui iurisGereja LatinRitusRitus RomaPendirian6 Juli 1974KatedralKatedral Notre Dame di Le HavreKepemimpinan kiniPausFransiskusUskupJean-Luc BruninUskup agungJean-Charles Marie DescubesEmeritusMichel Jean...
Cet article est une ébauche concernant le droit français. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Article 72-4 de la Constitution du 4 octobre 1958 Données clés Présentation Pays France Langue(s) officielle(s) Français Type Article de la Constitution Adoption et entrée en vigueur Législature XIIe législature de la Cinquième République française Gouvernement Jean-Pierre Raffarin (2e) Promulgat...
عبد السلام مقبول معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1952 المقوع تاريخ الوفاة 12 يونيو 2021 (68–69 سنة)[1] مواطنة الكويت الديانة الإسلام الأولاد هيا عبد السلاملولوة عبد السلام الحياة العملية المهنة رسام كاريكاتير [لغات أخرى]، وفنان تشكيلي اللغة الأم �...
Part of the American Revolutionary War Battle of White MarshPart of the American Revolutionary WarView from the British positions at the Battle of White Marsh.Ink on paper, by cartographer Johann Martin WillDateDecember 5–8, 1777LocationWhitemarsh Township, Pennsylvania,Springfield Township, Pennsylvania,Upper Dublin Township, Pennsylvania,Fort Washington, Pennsylvania40°07′N 75°14′W / 40.12°N 75.23°W / 40.12; -75.23Result InconclusiveBelligerents Unite...
Indian politician Hukumdev Narayan YadavYadav receiving the Outstanding Parliamentarian Award in 2018.Member of Parliament, Lok SabhaIn office2009-2019;1999-2004Preceded byShakeel Ahmad, INC(1998-1999 & 2004-2009)Succeeded byAshok Kumar Yadav, BJPConstituencyMadhubani Personal detailsBorn (1939-11-17) 17 November 1939 (age 84)Bijuli, DarbhangaCitizenshipIndiaNationalityIndianPolitical partyBharatiya Janata PartySpouseSudesh Yadav[1]Children3 including Ashok Kumar YadavResiden...
Sir E. Ray LankesterSir E. Ray Lankester in 1908Lahir(1847-05-15)15 Mei 1847LondonMeninggal13 Agustus 1929(1929-08-13) (umur 82)LondonKebangsaanBritaniaAlmamaterChrist Church, OxfordDikenal atasEvolusi, RasionalismePenghargaanKnight Bachelor (1906)Darwin-Wallace Medal (Silver, 1908)Copley Medal (1913)Linnean Medal (1920)Karier ilmiahBidangZoologiInstitusiUniversity College LondonUniversitas OxfordMuseum Britania (Sejarah Alam)TerinspirasiThomas Henry Huxley, August Weismann, Anton Dohrn...
Indra Gumay Fitri Waaskomlek Panglima TNIPetahanaMulai menjabat 29 September 2022PendahuluZakariaPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir6 November 1972 (umur 51)IndonesiaKebangsaanIndonesiaAlma materAkademi Militer (1994)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan DaratMasa dinas1994—SekarangPangkat Brigadir Jenderal TNISatuanCorps Komunikasi & Elektronika (CKE)Sunting kotak info • L • B Brigadir Jenderal TNI Indra Gumay Fitri (lahir 6 Novemb...
American basketball player and coach Johnny LoganLogan in 1948Personal informationBorn(1921-01-01)January 1, 1921Richmond, Indiana, U.S.DiedSeptember 16, 1977(1977-09-16) (aged 56)Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.NationalityAmericanListed height6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)Listed weight175 lb (79 kg)Career informationHigh schoolRichmond (Richmond, Indiana)CollegeIndiana (1940–1943)Playing career1946–1951PositionGuardNumber7, 17Career historyAs player:1946–1950St. Louis ...
Cet article traite de l'équipe masculine. Pour l'équipe féminine, voir Équipe d'Azerbaïdjan féminine de football. Équipe d'Azerbaïdjan Généralités Association Fédération d'Azerbaïdjan de football Confédération UEFA Couleurs blanc et bleu Surnom Milli komanda (« L'équipe nationale ») Stade principal Stade olympique de Bakou Classement FIFA 113e (15 février 2024)[1] Personnalités Sélectionneur Arif Asadov (intérim) Capitaine Emin Makhmudov Plus sélectionné Ra...
Major film awards ceremony honoring the best Bollywood films of 2008 10th IIFA AwardsDate11 June 2009 (2009-06-11)–13 June 2009 (2009-06-13)SiteThe Venetian Macao, Macau[1]Hosted by Boman Irani Ritesh Deshmukh Lara Dutta HighlightsBest PictureJodhaa AkbarBest DirectionAshutosh Gowariker(Jodhaa Akbar)Best ActorHrithik Roshan(Jodhaa Akbar)Best ActressPriyanka Chopra(Fashion)Most awardsJodhaa Akbar (10)Most nominationsJodhaa Akbar (16)Television coverageCh...
غريغوري الحادي عشر (باللاتينية: Gregorius PP. XI) معلومات شخصية الميلاد سنة 1329 [1][2] الوفاة 27 مارس 1378 (48–49 سنة) روما مواطنة فرنسا مناصب بابا الفاتيكان[3] (201 ) في المنصب7 يناير 1371 – 27 مارس 1378 أوربان الخامس أوربان السادس الحياة العملي�...
New Zealand netball team Waikato Bay of Plenty MagicFounded1998Based inHamiltonRegionsWaikatoBay of PlentyHome venueGlobox ArenaHead coachMary-Jane AraroaCaptainAmeliaranne EkenasioPremierships3 (2005, 2006, 2012)LeagueANZ PremiershipWebsitenetballmagic.co.nz Uniform Waikato Bay of Plenty Magic are a New Zealand netball team based in Hamilton. The team were formed in 1998, following the merger of Waikato Wildcats and Bay of Plenty Magic. In 1997, Wildcats and Magic had been founder members of...
Ahnapee and Western Railway logo. The Ahnapee and Western Railway (A&W) was a common carrier short line railroad located in northeastern Wisconsin. The railroad ran 34.5 miles (55.5 km) from a connection with the Kewaunee, Green Bay and Western Railroad at Casco Junction to the lakeshore terminals of Algoma in Kewaunee County and Sturgeon Bay in the Door County thumb of Wisconsin. Other towns along the line include Casco, Rio Creek, Forestville, Maplewood, and Sawyer. The name of the...
