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William Hoare of Bath RA (c. 1707 – 12 December 1792) was a British portraitist, painter and printmaker. From c. 1740 to 1759, he was the leading oil portraitist at Bath, Somerset, until Thomas Gainsborough arrived in the town. Noted for his pastels, he was a foundation member of the Royal Academy.^[1]

Life

Born near Eye, Suffolk, Hoare received a gentleman's education in Faringdon and he may be the William Hoare baptised on 9 October 1707 in nearby Little Coxwell.^[2] He showed an aptitude for drawing and was sent to London to study under Giuseppe Grisoni, who had left Florence for London in 1715. When Grisoni returned to Italy in 1728, Hoare went with him, travelling to Rome and continuing his studies under the direction of Francesco Imperiali. He remained in Rome for nine years, returning to London in 1737/8.

Failing to establish himself in London, Hoare settled in Bath, an expanding spa town popular with the wealthier classes. He obtained numerous commissions, the most important being for official portraits of social leaders of the day (including George Frideric Handel) and political men (e.g., Prime Ministers Robert Walpole and William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, c.1754). There are several versions of most of these, suggesting that he had a studio, and they were further publicised by the production of mezzotints by leading engravers of the day. Hoare himself was a delicate etcher and published a number of private plates, mostly of family and friends, including a Miss Hoare (probably Mary), Christopher Anstey and the 3rd Duke of Beaufort. His pastels were influenced by Rosalba Carriera.

William Hoare was the first fashionable portraitist to settle in Bath, and he was the leading portraitist there until the arrival of Thomas Gainsborough in 1759. He remained the favourite of his powerful patron the Duke of Newcastle, his family, followers and political associates. Included amongst his other important patrons were the Earls of Pembroke and Chesterfield, and the Duke of Beaufort. With Gainsborough and Joshua Reynolds, he was a founding member of the Royal Academy.

Hoare was closely involved with the running of the Royal Mineral Water Hospital in Bath from 1742. He served as a governor of the hospital,^[1] his aim was to develop specialist treatments for rheumatic disorders.^[3] Where he became acquainted with Bath's notable visitors and the neighbouring landed families. Chalmers described him as 'an ingenious and amiable English painter'.^{[citation needed]} He died at Bath on 10 December 1792.^[4] Interred at the vault of St Swithins Church, Bath.^[4]

His son, Prince Hoare, achieved fame as a painter and dramatist.^[1] His daughter Mary Hoare was also a noted painter.

Works

Hoare's oil painting Dr Oliver and Mr Pierce examining patients with Paralysis, Rheumatism and Leprosy hung prominently at the Royal Mineral Water Hospital until 2019, when it was transferred to a new building at Bath's Royal United Hospital site.^[5]

Portrait of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo by William Hoare, was first seen by the public in December 2009 when it came up for auction and sold for over £500,000.^[6] The new owner unnamed wished to take it out the country but was stopped due to its national importance.^[6]

George Brudenell-Bruce (Lord Bruce)
Richard Grenville-Temple
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham
Portrait of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo
Portrait of a Lady
Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
Lady Frances Shirley, National Trust
Richard ('Beau') Nash
Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton
Frances Elizabeth Brudenell-Bruce

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c Newby (2006a)
^ "... he could be the William Hoare baptised at nearby Little Coxwell on 9 October 1707." King of All Balloons : The Adventurous Life of James Sadler, the First English Aeronaut. By Mark Davies (1955-), author. Appendix 7, page 273. Amberley Publishing Limited, Nov 15, 2015.
^ "The Bath Mineral Water Hospital and the Hoare Family in the 18th Century". Bath Medical Museum. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
^ ^a ^b "History". St Swithin's. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
^ "Mineral Water Hospital's historic paintings given new home at the RUH". Bath Echo. 8 October 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b "£100,000 appeal to save William Hoare portrait of freed slave". The Independent. 7 July 2010. Retrieved 26 January 2024.

Bibliography

Holbrook, M. (1973). "Painters in Bath in the eighteenth century". Apollo. 98: 375–84.
Newby, Evelyn (1986). "The Hoares of Bath". Bath History. 1: 90–127. ISBN 0-86299-294-X
Newby, Evelyn (1990). William Hoare of Bath RA, 1707–92 (exhibition catalogue ed.). Bath: Victoria Art Gallery. ISBN 0-86299-897-2.
Newby, Evelyn (2006a) "William Hoare (of Bath)", Grove Art Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved on 15 August 2007 (subscription required)
Newby, Evelyn (2006b) "Hoare, William (1707/8–1792)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, online edn, accessed 15 Aug 2007
Neil Jeffares, Dictionary of pastellists before 1800, online edition