United States during the Turkish War of Independence

A ceremony in Bandırma displaying Greek and American flags (July 1920)

During the First World War, the Ottoman Empire and the United States fought from opposite sides, but they never officially declared war on each other. However, American ships carried weapons for the Entente during the Gallipoli campaign.[1]

The Ottoman Empire and its allies were eventually defeated and the Armistice of Mudros was signed. The Entente requested that Istanbul, the Marmara Region and Greater Armenia be under the control of an American mandate.[2][3] Some Turkish communities even defended the idea of the whole of Anatolia being controlled by the United States.[3]

The United States reportedly helped the Entente during the Turkish War of Independence; American aid included but wasn't limited to logistical support. USS Arizona and 3 other American warships provided protection to the Greeks during the Greek landing at Smyrna.[4] On 7 June 1922, Greek warships (including the cruiser Georgios Averof) and the American destroyers USS Sands, USS McFarland and USS Sturtevant bombarded the port city of Samsun to help the Pontic Greek rebels in the region.[5] Four Turkish civilians were killed and 3 others were injured in the bombardment, and the assault also caused large scale damage in the city, destroying dozens of buildings.[6]

List of Battleships

USS Noma in front of Dolmabahçe

Many American warships served in Turkish territorial waters between 1908 and 1923. The most important ones can be listed as;[7]

References

Citations

  1. ^ Cevizoğlu 2007, p. 54.
  2. ^ New York Times (Archive), British would keep Sultan in Europe - Want him to retain the semblance of Power in Constantinople, 20 May 1919
  3. ^ a b New York Times (Archive), Turkish tangle is still unsolved, 26 May 1919
  4. ^ New York Times, Smyrna is taken away from Turkey, 17 May 1919
  5. ^ Cevizoğlu 2007, p. 66.
  6. ^ Cevizoğlu 2007, p. 77.
  7. ^ Cevizoğlu 2007, p. 64-65.
  8. ^ Department of the Navy - Naval Historical Center, Burning of the French Transport Vinh-Long, 16 December 1922

Sources

  • Cevizoğlu, Hulki (2007). 1919'un Şifresi (Gizli ABD İşgalinin Belge ve Fotoğrafları). Ceviz Kabuğu Yayınları. ISBN 9789756613238.

Read other articles:

Amaama to Inazuma

Amaama to Inazuma甘々と稲妻(Amaama to Inazuma)GenreManga memasak, penggalan kehidupan[1] MangaPengarangGido AmagakurePenerbitKodanshaPenerbit bahasa InggrisNA Kodansha USAMajalahGood! AfternoonDemografiSeinenTerbitMaret 2013 – Agustus 2018Volume12 Seri animeSutradaraTarou IwasakiSkenarioMitsutaka HirotaMusikNobuko TodaStudioTMS/3xCubePelisensiNA CrunchyrollSaluranasliTokyo MX, ytv, BS11Saluran bahasa InggrisSEA Aniplus Asia[2]Tayang 4 Juli 2016 – 19 September 2016Epis...

 

Josef Albert Meisinger

Josef Albert MeisingerJulukanPenjagal dari WarsawaLahir14 September 1899MünchenMeninggal7 Maret 1947(1947-03-07) (umur 47)WarsawaPengabdian Kekaisaran Jerman Jerman NaziDinas/cabangKepolisian Munich 1922–1933Gestapo 1933–1945Lama dinas1916-1919, 1933–1945PangkatStandartenführerKesatuanSD-Einsatzgruppe IV di PolandiaKomandanPanglima Kepolisian Negara di WarsawaPerang/pertempuranPerang Dunia I Perang Dunia II Josef Albert Meisinger (14 September 1899 –...

 

Lord Privy Seal

Sinecure office of state in the UK For other uses, see Lord Privy Seal (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Lord Privy Seal – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Lord Keeper of the Privy SealRoyal Arms of His...

Fitase

Fitat, substrat alami bagi enzim fitase. Fitase adalah enzim kelompok fosfatase yang dapat memutus ikatan gugus ortofosfat pada rantai inositol senyawa fitat (bentuk utama senyawa fosfor di dalam tanaman).[1] Bebagai jenis fitase telah berhasil diisolasi dari tanaman dan bakteri.[2] Enzim-enzim ini kemudian dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan pH optimumnya (asam dan basa), mekanisme katalitiknya (asam histidin fosfatase, beta-propeller fitase, dan sistein fosfatase), dan berdasark...

 

Ayumi Hamasaki

Ayumi Hamasaki浜崎あゆみInformasi latar belakangNama lahir浜崎 あゆみ, 浜崎歩[1] (Hamasaki Ayumi)Nama lainAyu, CreaLahir2 Oktober 1978 (umur 45)[2]AsalFukuoka, JepangGenrePop, electronic dance, rock, klasik, R&BPekerjaanPenyanyi, Penulis lagu, Produser kemanan, komposer, aktris, model, pembicaraTahun aktif1994–1995, 1998–sekarangLabelColumbia Jepang (1995) Avex Trax (1998–present)Drizzly (2002–2004)Warner Music (Malaysia)Pt. Indo Semar SaktiSitus ...

 

Élections cantonales de 2011 dans la Drôme

2008 2015 Élections cantonales de 2011 dans la Drôme 18 des 36 cantons de la Drôme 20 et 27 mars 2011 Type d’élection Élections cantonales Majorité départementale – Didier Guillaume Liste PSDVGPCFEELVPRG Sièges obtenus 26  1 Opposition départementale Liste UMPDVDMoDem Sièges obtenus 10  1 PCF : 1 siège DVG : 2 siègesPS : 18 sièges DVD : 2 sièges UMP : 6 sièges Président du Conseil général Sortant Élu Didier Guillau...

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

Muhannad Assiri

Muhannad Assiri oleh Anna Nessie, 2018Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Muhannad AssiriTanggal lahir 14 Oktober 1986 (umur 37)Tempat lahir Muhayil, Arab SaudiTinggi 185 cm (6 ft 1 in)Posisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Al-Ahli SCNomor 14Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2014 – Al-Ahli SC 49 (24)Tim nasional2010 – Arab Saudi 18 (4) * Penampilan dan gol di klub senior hanya dihitung dari liga domestik Muhannad Assiri (lahir 14 Oktober 1986) adalah seorang ...

 

Stadion Nasional (Tokyo, 1958)

Stadion NasionalKokuritsu KyōgijōStadion saat pertandinganJ.League Cup pada 2004Lokasi10-2, Kasumigaoka-machi, Shinjuku, Tokyo, JepangTransportasi umum E25 Kokuritsu-Kyōgijō JB12 SendagayaPemilikDewan Olahraga JepangKapasitas48,000Ukuran lapangan105 m × 68 m (344 ft × 223 ft)PermukaanRumputKonstruksiDibukaMaret 1958; 66 tahun lalu (1958-03)Ditutup31 Mei 2014; 9 tahun lalu (2014-05-31)DihancurkanMei 2015; 9 tahun lalu (2015-05)ArsitekMitsuo Ka...

مرسيدس بنز دبليو 114

مرسيدس بنز دبليو 114معلومات عامةالنوع طراز سيارة الفئة سيارة تنفيذيةسيارة تنفيذية العلامة التجارية مرسيدس-بنز المصنع مرسيدس بنزالإنتاج 1968المصمم بول براك المحرك وناقل الحركةالمحرك محرك بنزين الوحدة سيارةالأبعادقاعدة الإطارات 108 بوصة (2,700 مـم)الطول 184.25 بوصة (4,680 ...

 

Paaste

Village in Estonia Village in Saare County, EstoniaPaasteVillageCountry EstoniaCountySaare CountyParishSaaremaa ParishTime zoneUTC+2 (EET) • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST) Paaste is a village in Saaremaa Parish, Saare County in western Estonia.[1] Before the administrative reform in 2017, the village was in Leisi Parish.[2] References ^ Lisa. Asustusüksuste nimistu (PDF). haldusreform.fin.ee (in Estonian). Rahandusministeerium. Retrieved 3 December 2017. ^ Saaremaa...

 

Selfridges Building, Birmingham

Department store in Birmingham Selfridges BuildingView from Park St car parkGeneral informationTypeDepartment StoreArchitectural styleBlobitectureLocationPark Street, Birmingham, EnglandCoordinates52°28′40.02″N 1°53′32.13″W / 52.4777833°N 1.8922583°W / 52.4777833; -1.8922583Construction started1999CompletedSeptember 2003 (2003-09)Cost£60 millionOwnerSelfridges & Co.Technical detailsStructural systemSteel framework with sprayed concrete facade...

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

Johan Gørbitz

Norwegian painter (1782–1853) Self-portrait (c.1800) Johan Görbitz (8 September 1782 – 3 July 1853) was a Norwegian painter. He is most associated with his portraits of prominent Norwegians. [1] Görbitz was born in Sandviken, Norway. He was one of ten children born to Martin Görbitz (1738-1796) and Lucia Pytter (1762-1825). His father was a successful merchant in Bergen, Norway. In 1798, he was sent to Copenhagen to develop his artistic talents at the Royal Danish Academy of Fi...

 

1966 California gubernatorial election

1966 California gubernatorial election ← 1962 November 8, 1966 1970 →   Nominee Ronald Reagan Pat Brown Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 3,742,913 2,749,174 Percentage 57.55% 42.27% County resultsCongressional district resultsReagan:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%Brown:      50–60%      60–70%    ...

Bel Powley

British actress (born 1992) Bel PowleyPowley in 2020BornIsobel Dorothy Powley (1992-03-07) 7 March 1992 (age 32)Hammersmith, London, EnglandOccupationActressYears active2007–presentSpouse Douglas Booth ​(m. 2023)​ParentMark Powley (father) Isobel Dorothy Powley (born 7 March 1992) is an English actress. Born and raised in London, Powley was educated at Holland Park School. She began acting as a teenager on television, starring on the CBBC action televi...

 

Taipei Fubon Bank

Gedung Taipei Fubon Bank di Zhongshan Taipei Fubon Bank (Hanzi tradisional: 台北富邦銀行) adalah salah satu bank bermarkas di Taipei, Taiwan (Republik Tiongkok). Bank ini didirikan pada 1 Januari 2005 dari penggabungan Fubon Bank dengan TaipeiBank, dan adalah bagian dari Fubon Financial Holding Company. Lihat pula Daftar bank di Taiwan Republik Tiongkok Ekonomi Taiwan Taipei Pranala luar Fubon Financial Holding (Inggris) Situs web resmi Taipei Fubon Bank Diarsipkan 2013-08-14 di Wayback...

 

Huntaway

Dog breedHuntawayA New Zealand HuntawayOther namesNew Zealand HuntawayNew Zealand SheepdogOriginNew ZealandTraitsHeight 56–66 centimetres (22–26 in)Weight 25–40 kilograms (55–88 lb)Coat smooth or rough (grizzled)Color variable, commonly black and tan, tricolourKennel club standardsNew Zealand Kennel Club standardDog (domestic dog) Look up Huntaway in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A Huntaway competing in a Yard Dog Trial The Huntaway (also known as the New Zealand Huntaway...

Evolution of primates

Origin and diversification of primates through geologic time Phylogenetic tree of the primates Notharctus The evolutionary history of the primates can be traced back 57-90 million years.[1] One of the oldest known primate-like mammal species, Plesiadapis, came from North America;[2] another, Archicebus, came from China.[3] Other similar basal primates were widespread in Eurasia and Africa during the tropical conditions of the Paleocene and Eocene. Purgatorius is the ge...

 

Словарь Академии Российской

Титульный лист первого тома словаря Слова́рь Акаде́мии Росси́йской — первый толковый словарь русского языка, содержащий 43 357 слов[источник не указан 972 дня] в шести частях. Работа над словарём началась в 1783 году и заняла всего 11 лет. При этом использов�...