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"**Unafraid of the Dark**"
"Unafraid of the Dark"
Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey episode
Episode no.	Episode 13
Directed by	Ann Druyan
Written by	Ann Druyan; Steven Soter
Narrated by	Neil deGrasse Tyson
Featured music	Alan Silvestri
Editing by	John Duffy; Michael O'Halloran; Eric Lea
Production code	113
Original air date	June 8, 2014
Running time	44 minutes
Episode chronology
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"Unafraid of the Dark" is the thirteenth and final episode of the American documentary television series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey and its series finale. It premiered on June 8, 2014, on Fox and aired on June 9, 2014, on the National Geographic Channel. The episode was written by Ann Druyan and Steven Soter, and directed by Ann Druyan, making this her series directorial debut. The episode explores the mysteries of dark energy and dark matter, as well as the contributions and theories of Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky, who furthered our understanding of "supernovae, neutron stars and 'standard candles.'"^[1] The finale reveals a recording of life on Earth - the final message on the golden record of the space probe, Voyager.^[2] The episode ends with Carl Sagan's (host of the original Cosmos) iconic speech on Earth as the "Pale Blue Dot."^[3]

Episode summary

Tyson begins the episode by noting how the destruction of the Library of Alexandria lost much of humanity's knowledge to that point. He then contrasts on the strive for humanity to continue to discover new facts about the universe and the need to not close off further discovery.

Tyson then proceeds to describe the discovery of cosmic rays by Victor Hess through high-altitude balloon trips, where radiation increased the farther one was from the surface. Swiss Astronomer Fritz Zwicky, in studying supernovae, postulated that these cosmic rays originated from these events instead of electromagnetic radiation. Zwicky would continue to study supernovae, and by looking at standard candles that they emitted, estimated the movement of the galaxies in the universe. His calculations suggested that there must be more mass in the universe than those apparent in the observable galaxies, and called this dark matter. Initially forgotten, Zwicky's theory was confirmed by the work of Vera Rubin, who observed that the rotation of stars at the edges of observable galaxies did not follow expected rotational behavior without considering dark matter. This further led to the discovery of dark energy by Edwin Hubble to account for the known rate of expansion of the universe beyond the visible and dark matter mass.

Tyson then describes the interstellar travel, using the two Voyager probes. Besides the abilities to identify several features on the planets of the solar system, Voyager I was able to recently demonstrate the existence of the Sun's variable heliosphere which help buffer the Solar System from interstellar winds. Tyson describes Carl Sagan's role in the Voyager program, including creating the Voyager Golden Record to encapsulate humanity and Earth's position in the universe, and convincing the program directors to have Voyager I to take a picture of Earth from beyond the orbit of Neptune, creating the image of the Pale Blue Dot. Tyson concludes the series by emphasizing Sagan's message on the human condition in the vastness of the cosmos, and to encourage viewers to continue to explore and discover what else the universe has to offer.

The series concludes with the empty-seated Ship of the Imagination leaving Earth and traveling through space as Tyson looks on from planet Earth.

Reception

The episode received a 1.1/3 in the 18-49 rating/share, with 3.09 million American viewers watching on Fox.^[4]

References

^ Saunders, Cherie (June 6, 2014). "Neil deGrasse Tyson's 'Cosmos' Goes 'Dark' for Season Finale". Eurweb.com. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
^ Girard, Raoul (June 7, 2014). "The Final Journey of the Legendary Cosmos". FrenchTribune.com. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
^ Delhi Daily News (June 7, 2014). "Cosmos explores 'Dark Energy' in series finale". DelhiDailyNews.com. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
^ Bibel, Sara (June 10, 2014). "Sunday Final Ratings: NBA Finals Numbers". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on June 13, 2014. Retrieved June 12, 2014.