Ulma (river)

Ulma
Ульма
Selemdzha and Ulma river confluence map section
Ulma (river) is located in Amur Oblast
Ulma (river)
Mouth location in Amur Oblast, Russia
Location
CountryRussia
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationTuran Range
 • coordinates51°33′44″N 131°17′06″E / 51.56222°N 131.28500°E / 51.56222; 131.28500
 • elevation480 m (1,570 ft)
MouthSelemdzha
 • location
Between Uglovoye and Bogoslovka
 • coordinates
51°55′05″N 129°17′01″E / 51.91806°N 129.28361°E / 51.91806; 129.28361
 • elevation
171 m (561 ft)
Length346 km (215 mi)
Basin size5,550 km2 (2,140 sq mi)
Basin features
ProgressionSelemdzha → Zeya→ Amur→ Sea of Okhotsk

The Ulma (Russian: Ульма) is a river in Mazanovsky District, Amur Oblast, Russia. It is the longest tributary of the Selemdzha, with a length of 346 kilometres (215 mi)[1] and with 5,550 square kilometres (2,140 sq mi) the fourth in drainage basin area, after the Orlovka and Byssa.[2]

The river flows across a largely uninhabited area except for Ulma village on its banks. It is a rafting and fishing destination.[1]

History

Pottery fragments belonging to the Paleolithic Selemdzha culture (SLM) were found at the archaeological site Ust-Ulma-1 by the river. Organic content in a potsherd found at the site was dated back to between 8,900 and 12,590 years ago.[3]

In 1981, the Ulma Zakaznik (Ульминский заказник), a protected area of 189,100 hectares (467,000 acres), was established in the middle basin of the river.[4]

Course

The Ulma is a left tributary of the Selemdzha. It has its origin at the confluence of the Right Ulma and Left Ulma (Bordak) in the western slopes of the Turan Range. The river flows fast in a roughly southwestern direction in its upper reaches. In its middle and lower course it first flows northwestwards and then westwards, meandering across a very marshy floodplain dotted with small lakes and oxbows.[1][5] Finally it meets the left bank of the Selemdzha 48 kilometres (30 mi) from its mouth in the Zeya, 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) downstream from Uglovoye and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) upstream from the village of Bogoslovka.[6][1]

The Ulma river basin is mainly rain-fed and the spring-summer period accounts for up to 90% of the annual water runoff. Floods are frequent not only in spring, but also in the summer and autumn and are often quite massive. The river freezes in late October to early November and stays under ice until late April to early May.[1]

All the tributaries of the Ulma are quite short, except for the 111 km (69 mi) long Kera from the right.[1]

Fauna

Taimen, lenok, grayling, crucian carp, pike, burbot and Amur catfish are some of the common fish species in the waters of the Ulma river.[1]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Water of Russia - Ulma
  2. ^ "Река Ульма in the State Water Register of Russia". textual.ru (in Russian).
  3. ^ Yanshina, O.V.; Kovalenko, S.V. (2022). "New data and insights into how pottery appeared along the Amur river". Quaternary International. 608–609: 154–177. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.02.006.
  4. ^ Нижне-Норский - Дирекция ООПТ Амурской области
  5. ^ Topographic map M-52; M 1: 1,000,00
  6. ^ Google Earth

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