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Ulaangom

**Улаангом** (Mongolian)
**Уланһом** (Oirat)
ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠮ
Ulaangom Улаангом (Mongolian); Уланһом (Oirat); ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠮ
District
	Ulaangom District; Уланһом сум; ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠮᠰᠤᠮᠤ
Official Cyrillic transcription(s)
• Mongolian Cyrillic	Улаангом сум
Classical Mongolian transcription(s)
• Mongolian script	ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠩᠭ᠋ᠣᠮᠰᠤᠮᠤ
	Panoramic view of Ulaangom in 2020
	Ulaangom Location in Mongolia
	Coordinates: 49°59′11″N 92°04′19″E / 49.98639°N 92.07194°E
Country	Mongolia
Province	Uvs Province
Founded	1686
Area
• Urban	46 km2 (17.761 sq mi)
Elevation	939 m (3,081 ft)
Population (2024)
• District	39,045

Ulaangom (/ʊˈlɑːnɡəm/; Mongolian: Улаангом [ʊˈɮaˑɴɢɜm]; Oirat: Уланһом [ʊˈlaŋɣɔm]) is the capital of Uvs Province in Mongolia. It is located on the slopes of the Kharkhiraa mountain, 26 kilometres (16 mi) southwest from Uvs Lake shore and 120 kilometres or 70 miles south from the Russian border.

Description

The city has a population of 37,754 (2022 census), 26,319 (2000 census), 23,000 (2006 est.),^[1] 22,300 (end of 2008 est.)^[2] or 37.8% of the total population of Uvs aimag. It is divided into two suburban areas named Chandmani (Чандмань) and Uliasny Khev (Улиасны Хэв).

A Consulate of Tuva Republic of Russia is located in Ulaangom, and a Representative Office of Uvs Province in Kyzyl, the capital of Tuva.

History

Ulaangom is believed to have been founded in 1686. The foundation of the Ulaangom Monastery was erected in 1871 as Dechinravjaa Monastery. Historical evidence indicates that there were grain plantations in operation in late 17th century in the area of Ulaangom.^[3]

Climate

Ulaangom experiences a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with long, dry, frigid winters and short, warm summers. Precipitation is very low, with an annual average of 130 millimetres or 5.12 inches. Owing to its location in a deep valley near the center of the Siberian High, Ulaangom is subject to temperature inversions reaching up to 13.0 °C or 23.4 °F colder than middle and upper mountain slopes. It is thus one of the coldest places in Mongolia^[4] despite lying at a lower altitude than most of the country. Temperatures can reach −45 °C (−49 °F) or lower in the winter and 35 °C (95 °F) or more in the summer.^{[citation needed]}

Climate data for Ulaangom (1991-2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	−2.2 (28.0)	−4.6 (23.7)	13.4 (56.1)	28.0 (82.4)	35.9 (96.6)	36.5 (97.7)	38.2 (100.8)	38.4 (101.1)	30.8 (87.4)	24.6 (76.3)	15.9 (60.6)	7.1 (44.8)	38.4 (101.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−31.3 (−24.3)	−27.8 (−18.0)	−15.9 (3.4)	3.0 (37.4)	12.1 (53.8)	18.6 (65.5)	20.5 (68.9)	17.6 (63.7)	10.5 (50.9)	1.7 (35.1)	−8.5 (16.7)	−23.4 (−10.1)	−1.9 (28.6)
Record low °C (°F)	−49.6 (−57.3)	−47.7 (−53.9)	−41.7 (−43.1)	−24.7 (−12.5)	−8.3 (17.1)	−3.1 (26.4)	1.7 (35.1)	−6.3 (20.7)	−8.7 (16.3)	−22.5 (−8.5)	−35.3 (−31.5)	−45.2 (−49.4)	−49.6 (−57.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	2.2 (0.09)	2.9 (0.11)	4.4 (0.17)	4.4 (0.17)	7.8 (0.31)	19.2 (0.76)	39.9 (1.57)	29.0 (1.14)	10.8 (0.43)	6.9 (0.27)	9.2 (0.36)	5.8 (0.23)	142.6 (5.61)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)	1.4	1.3	2.0	1.6	1.8	4.3	6.5	5.7	2.6	2.3	3.4	2.4	35.3
Average relative humidity (%)	70.4	71.7	76.5	56.2	40.7	45.6	52.2	55.9	56.3	64.6	77.0	75.2	61.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours	117.7	152.3	214.0	247.0	302.8	306.3	292.1	287.9	252.4	196.0	78.0	70.8	2,517.3
Source 1: NOAA^[5]
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)^[6]

Culture

The city has monuments from the communist era, such as a monument of Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, who was born in Uvs aimag and led the country for more than 40 years, in front of the Provincial Government Building. There are many educational and cultural organizations and institutions in the city. There is a branch of a university, a vocational college and 5 secondary schools.

Transportation

Ulaangom is connected to the Russian border by highway, and imports its electricity from the Russian Federation. The old airport is no longer in service. New Ulaangom Airport is called Deglii Tsagaan and it is situated north of the city. The new runway and terminal were completed in June 2011 and the first jetliner of Eznis Airways landed on June 26, 2011 from Ulaanbaatar. As of May 2017, Hunnu Air was the only airline that had regular scheduled flight from Ulaanbaatar.

Notable natives

Norovyn Altankhuyag, 25th Prime Minister of Mongolia

References

^ Ministry of Health of Mongolia. National Center for Health Development. Health Indicators 2006 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2013-06-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Uvs Aimag Statistical Office.2008 Annual Report Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
^ Haines, R Spencer (2016). "The Physical Remains of the Zunghar Legacy in Central Eurasia: Some Notes from the Field". Paper Presented at the Social and Environmental Changes on the Mongolian Plateau Workshop, Canberra, ACT, Australia. The Australian National University.
^ Bayasgalan Gerelchuluun and Ahn Joong-Bae; ‘Air temperature distribution over Mongolia using dynamical downscaling and statistical correction’, in International Journal of Climatology; 34: 2464 – 2476 (2014)
^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
^ "Station Ulaangom" (in French). Meteo Climat. Retrieved 10 October 2018.