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Tourism in India is 4.6% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Unlike other sectors, tourism is not a priority sector for the Government of India. The World Travel and Tourism Council calculated that tourism generated ₹13.2 lakh crore (US$160 billion) or 5.8% of India's GDP and supported 32.1 million jobs in 2021. Even though, these numbers were lower than the pre-pandemic figures; the country's economy witnessed a significant growth in 2021 after the massive downturn during 2020. The sector is predicted to grow at an annual rate of 7.8% to ₹33.8 lakh crore (US$400 billion) by 2031 (7.2% of GDP).[1] India has established itself as the 5th largest global travel healthcare destination with an estimated market size of around $9 billion in 2019, out of the total global travel healthcare industry of $44.8 billion(2019).[2][3] In 2014, 184,298 foreign patients travelled to India to seek medical treatment.[4]
According to the Ministry of Tourism, over 6.19 million and 1.52 million foreign tourists arrived in India in 2022 and 2021 respectively compared to 10.93 million in 2019, representing a -44% degrowth.[5][6] This makes India the 22nd most visited nation in the world and 8th in Asia and Pacific.[7] In 2022, Gujarat Tops India in Foreign Tourism with 20.17% Share in 2022. Gujarat rose as a global tourism hotspot continues with over 15.40 lakh tourists visiting in 2023.[8]
The World Economic Forum's Travel and Tourism Development Index 2021, which replaced its previous Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, ranks India 54th out of 117 countries overall.[9] The last edition of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report, published in 2019, had ranked India 34th out of 140 countries overall. The report ranked the price competitiveness of India's tourism sector 13th out of 140 countries. It mentioned that India has quite good air transport infrastructure (ranked 33rd), particularly given the country's stage of development, and reasonable ground and port infrastructure (ranked 28th). The country also scored high on natural resources (ranked 14th), and cultural resources and business travel (ranked 8th).[10] The World Tourism Organization reported that India's receipts from tourism during 2012 ranked 16th in the world, and 7th among Asian and Pacific countries.[11]
The Ministry of Tourism designs national policies for the development and promotion of tourism. In the process, the Ministry consults and collaborates with other stakeholders in the sector including various central ministries/agencies, state governments, union territories and private sector representatives. Concerted efforts are being made to promote niche tourism products such as rural, cruise, medical and eco-tourism.[12] The Ministry of Tourism maintains the Incredible India campaign focused on promoting tourism in India.
India requires citizens of most countries to hold a valid passport and apply for a travel visa at their local Indian embassy or consulate before their visit. Travellers can apply directly by mail or in person, or through their local travel services company. In 2014, India implemented an online method for citizens of 156 countries to apply for an e-Tourist Visa.[13][14]
Nationals of Bhutan, Maldives, and Nepal do not require a travel visa to enter India. Citizens of Afghanistan, Argentina, Bangladesh, DPR Korea, Jamaica, Maldives, Mauritius, Mongolia, Nepal, South Africa and Uruguay are not required to pay a fee when obtaining an Indian visa.[15][16]
During the pandemic year 2020, India had access to just 23 countries for travel, whereas now the Indian passport holders can travel visa-free to 60 countries.[17]
As a measure to boost tourism,[19] the Indian Government implemented a new visa policy in November 2014, allowing tourists and business visitors to obtain a "visa on arrival" at 28 international airports, by acquiring an Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) online before arrival, without having to visit an Indian consulate or visa centre.[20] In April 2015, the "visa on arrival" scheme was renamed "e-Tourist Visa" (or "e-TV") to avoid confusion.[21]
The e-Tourist Visa facility requires a tourist to apply online on a secure Government of India website, at least four to thirty days before the date of travel. If approved, the visitor must print and carry the approved visa with their travel documents. The visa allows holders of an ETA to enter and stay anywhere in India for a period of ninety days except for citizens of US, UK, Japan and Canada. Citizens of these countries can stay for up to 180 days at a time. an ETA can be obtained twice in a single calendar year.[13]
India first introduced its "visa on arrival" facility on 27 November 2014, to citizens of the following countries: Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, Cook Islands, Djibouti, Fiji, Finland, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Luxembourg, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Myanmar, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Norway, Oman, Palau, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Korea, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, UAE, Ukraine, USA, Vanuatu and Vietnam.[13] On 30 July 2015, the facility was extended to China, Macau and Hong Kong.[22] On 15 August 2015, the facility was further extended to citizens of Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Belgium, Bolivia, Colombia, Cuba, East Timor, Guatemala, Hungary, Ireland, Jamaica, Malta, Malaysia, Mongolia, Monaco, Mozambique, the Netherlands, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Seychelles, Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Sweden, Taiwan, Tanzania, Turks and Caicos Islands, the United Kingdom, Uruguay and Venezuela.[23] The facility should eventually be expanded to about 180 countries.
As a result of the new visa policy, 56,477 tourists arrived on an e-Tourist Visa during October 2015, compared with 2,705 tourist arrivals during October 2014 (just before the facility was introduced), representing a 1987.9% increase. During the period from January to October 2015, a total of 258,182 tourists arrived on an e-Tourist Visa, a 1073.8% increase on the 21,995 tourist arrivals during the same period in 2014 (before the e-Tourist Visa was available).[24]
Statistics
Domestic tourists
During 2021, the number of Domestic Tourist Visits to the States/UTs was 67,76,32,981(677 million approx.) as compared to 61,02,16,157(610 million approx.) in 2020 registering a growth of 11.05%.[25]
Foreign tourist arrivals and foreign exchange earnings
Foreign tourist arrivals in India (1997–20222)[26]
Year
Arrivals (millions)
% change
1997
2.37
3.8
1998
2.36
−0.7
1999
2.48
5.2
2000
2.65
6.7
2001
2.54
−4.2
2002
2.38
−6.0
2003
2.73
14.3
2004
3.46
26.8
2005
3.92
13.3
2006
4.45
13.5
2007
5.08
14.3
2008
5.28
4.0
2009
5.17
−2.2
2010
5.78
11.8
2011
6.31
9.2
2012
6.58
4.3
2013
6.97
5.9
2014
7.68
10.2
2015
8.03
4.5
2016
8.80
9.7
2017
10.04
14.0
2018
10.56
5.2
2019
10.93
3.5
2020
2.74
-74.9
2021
1.52
-55.4
2022
6.19
307.2
2023
9.2
48.6
Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in India (1997–2020)[26]
Year
Earnings (US$ million)
% change
Earnings (₹ crores)
% change
1997
2,889
2.0
10,511
4.6
1998
2,948
2.0
12,150
15.6
1999
3,009
2.1
12,951
6.6
2000
3,460
15
15,626
20.7
2001
3,198
−7.6
15,083
−3.5
2002
3,103
−3.0
15,064
−0.1
2003
4,463
43.8
20,729
37.6
2004
6,170
38.2
27,944
34.8
2005
7,493
21.4
33,123
18.5
2006
8,634
15.2
39,025
17.8
2007
10,729
24.3
44,362
13.7
2008
11,832
10.3
51,294
15.6
2009
11,136
−5.9
53,754
4.8
2010
14,193
27.5
66,172
23.1
2011
16,564
16.7
83,036
25.5
2012
17,737
7.1
95,607
15.1
2013
18,445
4.0
107,563
12.5
2014
20,236
9.7
120,367
11.9
2015
21,071
4.1
134,844
12
2016
22,923
9.1
154,146
14.3
2017
27,310
19.1
177,874
15.4
2018
28,586
4.7
194,881
9.6
2019
30,058
5.1
211,661
8.6
2020
6,958
-76.8
50,136
-76.3
Source countries for foreign tourist arrivals in India in 2019[26]
Riding elephants is a popular tourist activity in India. While the total number of elephants used for tourism in India is relatively low compared to other Asian countries (350 in India in 2017 compared to almost 2,200 in Thailand[31]), tourists will still have opportunities to ride elephants at historic sites and watch captive elephants perform in sports and shows[32] and religious rituals.[33]
In early 2019, several prominent responsible tourism businesses including Responsible Travel and Intrepid Travel stopped selling tours including elephant rides citing reasons of animal cruelty and abuse. Later in 2019, The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) updated its animal welfare guidelines, labelling elephant riding as unacceptable.[34]
^"Rank in Tourism" (Press release). Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 7 February 2014. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2014.
^"Archived copy"(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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