Topsham, Maine

Topsham, Maine
Topsham, Maine
Town
	Pejepscot Mill (1868)
	Seal
	Location of Topsham, Maine
	Coordinates: 43°55′29″N 69°57′49″W / 43.92472°N 69.96361°W
Country	United States
State	Maine
County	Sagadahoc
Incorporated	January 31, 1764
Area
• Total	35.59 sq mi (92.18 km2)
• Land	32.20 sq mi (83.40 km2)
• Water	3.39 sq mi (8.78 km2)
Elevation	112 ft (34 m)
Population (2020)
• Total	6,623
• Density	297/sq mi (114.6/km2)
Time zone	Eastern (EST)
• Summer (DST)	EDT
Zip Code	04086
Area code	207
Website	www.topshammaine.com

Topsham (US: /ˈtɒp.sʌm/ ^ⓘTOP-sum) is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. Topsham was included in the Lewiston-Auburn, Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 9,560 at the 2020 census.^[3] It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area. The town is home to the annual Topsham Fair.

History

Called Sawacook, the area was territory of the Pejepscot Abenaki Indians, a subtribe of the Anasagunticooks (now Androscoggins), who controlled the Androscoggin River. They lived and fished at Pejepscot Falls. But a plague, probably smallpox brought by Europeans, decimated the tribe's population in 1615–1616. On June 16, 1632, the area was granted by the Plymouth Council to Thomas Purchase and George Way, later acquired by Richard Wharton and then, in 1714, by the Pejepscot Company.^[4]

The first sawmill was built in 1716 on the Cathance River and, in 1717, the plantation received the name Topsham, named for Topsham in Devon, England. On January 31, 1764, it was incorporated as a town by the Massachusetts General Court.^[5] Shipbuilding and lumber mills were important early businesses, the latter especially active between 1750 and 1770. There was a gristmill and brickyard. Pejepscot Falls provided water power to operate mills, and industries included a door, window sash and stairway factory, shingle mill, watch factory, pottery maker, nail factory, pitchfork factory, two tanneries, tobacco manufacturer, two feldspar quarries and a marble works. In 1856, the Sagadahoc Agricultural & Horticultural Society erected its building and fairgrounds, and the town remains host to the annual Topsham Fair.^[6]

In 1756, a toll bridge connecting Brunswick and Topsham was constructed by the "Proprietors of the Androscoggin Bridge." It was destroyed by fire in 1842. The current Frank J. Wood Bridge, known as "the Green Bridge", was opened in 1932. In 1936, a large flood hit Brunswick and Topsham, damaging the pedestrian "Swing Bridge" and causing the Androscoggin to flow through the lower levels of the Pejepscot Mill.

It is thought that Topsham and Brunswick have safe houses related to the Underground Railroad. Although the Underground Railroad was only metaphorically underground, it is thought that in Brunswick and Topsham, it was (in parts) actually underground, utilizing tunnels which ran between safe houses. These tunnels were constructed of carefully laid red brick with vertical side walls, an arched top and a flat brick-paved bottom up to some 5 feet (1.5 m) wide which would allow the easy passage of individuals on foot as well as a horse and buggy if desired. In Topsham, tunnels were constructed from the Granny-Hole Mill on the Androscoggin River up to the Samuel Veazie House, passing through the Charles Thompson House and the Walker Homestead on the way.^[7]

The Brunswick and Topsham Water District was incorporated in 1903.^[8]

Pejepscot Falls in 1869
Town view c. 1875
Paper mills c. 1912

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.59 square miles (92.18 km²), of which 32.20 square miles (83.40 km²) is land and 3.39 square miles (8.78 km²) is water.^[1] Located beside Merrymeeting Bay at the mouth of the Androscoggin River, Topsham is drained by the Cathance River, Little River and Muddy River.

The town is crossed by Interstate 295, U.S. Route 201, and state routes 24 and 196. It borders the towns of Bowdoin and Bowdoinham to the north, Brunswick to the south, and Durham and Lisbon to the northwest. The highest point in the town is Tate Hill.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	%±
1790	826	—
1800	942	14.0%
1810	1,271	34.9%
1820	1,429	12.4%
1830	1,567	9.7%
1840	1,883	20.2%
1850	2,010	6.7%
1860	1,705	−15.2%
1870	1,498	−12.1%
1880	1,544	3.1%
1890	1,394	−9.7%
1900	2,097	50.4%
1910	2,016	−3.9%
1920	2,102	4.3%
1930	2,111	0.4%
1940	2,334	10.6%
1950	2,626	12.5%
1960	3,717	41.5%
1970	5,022	35.1%
1980	6,431	28.1%
1990	8,746	36.0%
2000	9,100	4.0%
2010	8,784	−3.5%
2020	9,560	8.8%
U.S. Decennial Census^[9]

2010 census

As of the census^[10] of 2010, there were 8,784 people, 3,720 households, and 2,453 families living in the town. The population density was 272.8 inhabitants per square mile (105.3/km²). There were 4,167 housing units at an average density of 129.4 per square mile (50.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 96.1% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.6% of the population.

There were 3,720 households, of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 52.8% were married couples living together, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34.1% were non-families. 27.0% of all households were made up of individuals. 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 persons and the average family size was 2.81 persons.

The median age in the town was 45.2 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.4% were from 25 to 44; 31.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.4% male and 52.6% female.

2000 census

As of the census^[11] of 2000, there were 9,100 people, 3,424 households, and 2,461 families living in the town.

The median income for a household in the town was $47,682, and the median income for a family was $52,134. Males had a median income of $35,943 versus $25,581 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,135. About 3.0% of families and 4.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

Education

Public schools in the area are operated by Maine School Administrative District 75. There are two elementary schools: Williams-Cone School and Woodside Elementary. The middle school is Mt. Ararat Middle School, and the high school is Mt. Ararat High School.

Sites of interest

Notable people

William A. Ellis, former member of the Wisconsin Senate, was born in Topsham
Frank Glazer, pianist, composer and professor of music
Elijah Kellogg, minister, lecturer, author
Rebecca Jauch, state legislator^[12]
Holman S. Melcher, Civil War era officer and politician
Benjamin Orr, US congressman
Benjamin Randall, US congressman
John Rensenbrink, co-founder of the Maine Green Independent Party and the Green Party of the United States
Carter Smith, film director and fashion photographer

References

^ ^a ^b "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 20, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ "Total Population in Topsham CDP, Maine". U.S. Government. Archived from the original on September 8, 2022. Retrieved September 9, 2022.
^ "Census - Geography Profile: Topsham town, Sagadahoc County, Maine". Archived from the original on October 10, 2021. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
^ Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts: A.J. Coolidge. pp. 327–328. coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859.
^ "RootsWeb.com Home Page". www.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Archived from the original on April 11, 2009. Retrieved May 17, 2008.
^ Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Topsham, Boston: Russell^{[permanent dead link]}
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "History of the Brunswick and Topsham Water District". www.btwater.org. Archived from the original on March 26, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2014.
^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 9, 2021. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
^ "Rebecca Jauch". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on February 16, 2024. Retrieved February 16, 2024.