Ton Sak Yai National Park

Ton Sak Yai National Park
อุทยานแห่งชาติต้นสักใหญ่
Map showing the location of Ton Sak Yai National Park
Map showing the location of Ton Sak Yai National Park
Location within Thailand
LocationUttaradit Province, Thailand
Nearest cityUttaradit
Coordinates17°39′N 100°34′E / 17.650°N 100.567°E / 17.650; 100.567
Area519 km2 (200 sq mi)[2]
EstablishedDecember 4, 2003[3]
Visitors4,089[4] (in 2019)
Governing bodyDepartment of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation

Ton Sak Yai National Park (Thai: อุทยานแห่งชาติต้นสักใหญ่, RTGS: Utthayan Haeng Chat Ton Sak Yai) is a national park in Nam Pat, Tha Pla, Thong Saen Khan and Mueang Uttaradit districts in Uttaradit Province, Thailand, it was formerly known as Khlong Tron National Park.

Geography

Ton Sak Yai National Park is located about 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Uttaradit town in Nam Pat, Pak Huay Chalong, Huay Sisead, Khlong Tron Fang Khwa and Khlong Tron Fang Say forests in Uttaradit province.[3] The park's area is 324,240 rai ~ 519 square kilometres (200 sq mi)[5] and neighbouring Lam Nam Nan National Park and Nam Pat Wildlife Sanctuary to the north, abutting Phu Miang-Phu Thong Wildlife Sanctuary to the east and neighbouring Khao Yai-Khao Na Pha Thong & Khao Ta Phrom non-hunting area to the west. It is a high and a low mountain range, such as Khao Chan, Khao Daet, Khao Khwam Ruea, Khao Mai Pha, Khao Nam Yoi, Khao Ngai Ruea, Khao Phak Khwang, Khao Sam Liam, Khao Tak Bon, Khao Thanon, Khao Yuak and Khao Phu Miang is with 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) the highest. The park's streams feed the Nan River.[6]

Climate

Ton Sak Yai National park has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification category Aw), which is divided into three seasons. The rainy or southwest mansoon season, with hot weather from May until September. Winter or northeast mansoon season, with cold weather from October until February. Summer or pre-mansoon season, from March until April. Temperature statistics: maximum temperature is 43 °C (109 °F) and lowest temperature is 13 °C (55 °F).[7]

History

In December 1990, a survey was set up in the Khlong Tron National Forest Reserve in Mueang Uttaradit and Nam Pat districts of Uttaradit province. The name was "Khlong Tron National park". On November 8, 1994, a draft decree was proposed to establish a national park, including Nam Pat Forest, Pak Huay Chalong Forest, Huay Sisead Forest, Khlong Tron Fang Khwa Forest and Khong Tron Fang Say Forest. On December 4, 2003, Khlong Tron National Park, covering an area of 519 km2 (200 sq mi) was declared the 103rd national park and managed by Protected Areas Regional Office 11 (Phitsanulok).[3] On July 12, 2012, the name of the park was changed to "Ton Sak Yai National Park", after the 1500 year old teak tree with a circumference of 10 meters.

Flora

The park features forest types, including hill evergreen forest, coniferous forest, tropical evergreen forest, dry evergreen forest, mixed deciduous forest and dry dipterocarp forest.
Plants species include:[8][9][10]

Fauna

Mammals in the park are:[8][11]

Black-headed bulbul

Birds, the park has some 60 species, of which some 40 species of passerine from 22 families, represented by one species:[8][12]

and some 20 species of non-passerine from 14 families, represented by one species:[8][12]

Indochinese roller

Places

  • Namtok Huay Khom - three waterfalls, one 11-tiered 15 metres (49 ft), one 2-tiered 15 metres (49 ft) and one 20 metres (66 ft) high waterfall.[8]
  • Namtok Huay Niam - a 3-tiered 5 metres (16 ft) high waterfall.
  • Namtok Huay Sai - a 35 metres (115 ft) high waterfall.
  • Namtok Khlong Tron - a 4-tiered 20 metres (66 ft) high and a 30 metres (98 ft) high waterfall.
  • Namtok Phu Miang - a 11-tiered 30–45 metres (98–148 ft) high waterfall.
  • Tham Chan - a 200 metres (660 ft) deep and 15 metres (49 ft) wide cave.
  • Ton Sak Yai - a 47 metres (154 ft) high teak tree with a circumference of 10 metres (33 ft), approximately 1,500 years old.

Location

See also

References

  1. ^ "Protected areas". UNEP-WCMC. 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2021.
  2. ^ "ต้นสักใหญ่" [Ton Sak Yai]. Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  3. ^ a b c "พระราชกฤษฎีกา กำหนดบริเวณที่ดินป่าน้ำปาด ป่าปากห้วยฉลอง ป่าห้วยสีเสียด ป่าคลองตรอนฝ้่งขวา และป่าคลองตรอนฝั่งซ้าย ในท้องที่ตำบลแสนตอ ตำบลน้ำไคร้ ตำบลน้ำไผ่ อำเภอน้ำปาด ตำบลถ้ำฉลอง อำเภอเมืองอุตรดิตถ์ ตำบลผาเลือด อำเภอท่าปลา และตำบลน้ำพี้ ตำบลผักขวง ตำบลบ่อทอง อำเภอทองแสนขัน จังหวัดอุตรดิตถ์ ให้เป็นอุทยานแห่งชาติ พ.ศ. ๒๕๔๖" [Royal Decree: Determining the area of Nam Pat forest, Pak Huay Chalong forest, Huay Sisead forest, Khlon Tron Fang Khwa forest and Khlon Tron Fang Say forest in the area of Saen To subdistrict, Nam Khrai subdistrict, Nam Phai subdistrict, Nam Pat district, Tham Chalong subdistrict, Mueang Uttaradit district, Pha Luat subdistrict, Tha Pla district and Nam Pee subdistrict, Phak Khwang subdistrict, Bo Thong subdistrict, Thong Saen Khan district, Uttaradit province to be a national park B.E. 2546 (2003)] (PDF). Royal Thai Government Gazette. 120 (119 Kor): 1–3. 4 December 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  4. ^ "สถิตินักท่องเที่ยวที่เข้าไปในอุทยานแห่งชาติ ปีงบประมาณ พ.ศ.2562" [Statistics of tourists visiting National Parks fiscal year 2019]. Department of National parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2021, no.99 Ton Sak Yai N.P.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  5. ^ "ข้อมูลพื้นที่อุทยานแห่งชาติ ที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุบกษา 133 แห่ง" [National Park Area Information published in the 133 Government Gazettes]. Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). December 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2022, no 103{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  6. ^ "ต้นสักใหญ่" [Ton Sak Yai]. Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). Retrieved 29 October 2021, ลักษณะภูมิประเทศ - topography.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  7. ^ "ต้นสักใหญ่" [Ton Sak Yai]. Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). Retrieved 29 October 2021, ลักษณะภูมิอากาศ - climatic characteristics.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  8. ^ a b c d e "NATIONAL PARKS in THAILAND: Ton Sak Yai National Park" (PDF). Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation. 2015. pp. 109–110. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  9. ^ "ต้นสักใหญ่" [Ton Sak Yai]. Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). Retrieved 29 October 2021, พืชพรรณ - flora.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  10. ^ "Plant names". DNP-Botany. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  11. ^ "ต้นสักใหญ่" [Ton Sak Yai]. Department National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation (in Thai). Retrieved 29 October 2021, สัตว์ป่า - fauna.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  12. ^ a b "Khlong Tron National Park". Avibase - The World Bird Database. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  13. ^ "ส่วนอุทยานแห่งชาติ, 10 อุทยาน" [National parks section, 10 parks]. Office of Conservation Area 11 (Phitsanulok) (in Thai). 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2021.