Tolypocladium

Tolypocladium
Tolypocladium ophioglossoides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Ophiocordycipitaceae
Genus: Tolypocladium
W. Gams (1971)
Type species
Tolypocladium inflatum
W. Gams (1971)
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]
  • Chaunopycnis W. Gams (1980)
  • Elaphocordyceps G.H. Sung & Spatafora (2007)

Tolypocladium is a genus of fungi within the family Ophiocordycipitaceae.[1][2] It includes species that are parasites of other fungi, insect pathogens, rotifer pathogens and soil inhabiting species with uncertain ecological roles.[1]

Tolypocladium was originally circumscribed as a genus containing anamorphic fungi. It was later determined that some Cordyceps-like teleomorphic fungi were the teleomorphs of Tolypocladium species. These species were considered to belong in the genus Cordyceps until molecular phylogenetics studies found these species to be more closely related to Ophiocordyceps and were considered to belong in that genus before they were transferred to the new genus Elaphocordyceps by Sung and colleagues in 2007.[1][3] However, under the ICN's 2011 "one fungus, one name" principle, fungi can not have different names for their anamorphic and teleomorphic stages if they are found to be the same taxon.[4] Quandt and colleagues formally synonymized Tolypocladium and Elaphocordyceps in 2014.[1] Quandt and colleagues also synonymized the anamorphic genus Chaunopycnis with Tolypocladium.[1] The immunosuppressant drug ciclosporin was originally isolated from T. inflatum, and has since been found in other species of Tolypocladium, some of which were formerly placed in Chaunopycnis.[1]

Species

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Quandt (2014). "Phylogenetic-based nomenclatural proposals for Ophiocordycipitaceae (Hypocreales) with new combinations in Tolypocladium". IMA Fungus. 5 (1): 121–134. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.01.12. PMC 4107890. PMID 25083412. S2CID 16197446.
  2. ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58.
  3. ^ Sung GH, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung JM, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW (2006). "Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi". Studies in Mycology. 57: 5–59. doi:10.3114/sim.2007.57.01. PMC 2104736. PMID 18490993.
  4. ^ Hawksworth, D. L. (2011). "A new dawn for the naming of fungi: impacts of decisions made in Melbourne in July 2011 on the future publication and regulation of fungal names". MycoKeys. 1 (2): 7–20. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.1.2062. PMC 3359813. PMID 22679600.

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