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The Mystery of the Leaping Fish
The Mystery of the Leaping Fish
	Reissue theatrical poster
Directed by	John Emerson Christy Cabanne;
Written by	Anita Loos (intertitles)
Story by	Tod Browning
Starring	Douglas Fairbanks; Bessie Love; Alma Rubens;
Cinematography	John W. Leezer
Distributed by	Triangle Film Corporation
Release date	June 11, 1916 (U.S.);
Running time	25 minutes; 2 reels;
Country	United States
Language	Silent (English intertitles)

The Mystery of the Leaping Fish is a 1916 American short silent comedy film starring Douglas Fairbanks, Bessie Love, and Alma Rubens. Directed by John Emerson, the story was written by Tod Browning with intertitles by Anita Loos.^[2]^[3] A parody of Sherlock Holmes fiction, the film addresses the topic of narcotics in a very light comedic way.

A 35 mm print of the film still exists in its entirety and is currently in the public domain.^[1]

Plot

The frame story presents Douglas Fairbanks submitting a new script to the scenario editor of a film studio.

The embedded story shows an investigation led by Coke Ennyday: this private detective, who makes an immoderate and constant use of drugs, including cocaine, is hired by the local police of Short Beach to discover the real means of subsistence of an extremely wealthy and mysterious man. To wash the dirty money coming from the smuggling of opium, the latter, Fishy Joe, is using a rental shop located on the beach, where swimmers can rent air mattresses in form of fishes; customers are invited to "Jump the Leaping Fish!" and try and ride or stand on the mattress in the surf.

Incidentally, Joe also wants to force Inane (a female employee of the shop, whose work is to blow air into the inflatable mattresses) to marry him within a week. While Ennyday observes opium being brought into the place, Joe, who does not notice him, sees that Inane has observed them and he has her kidnapped by his Asian^{[n 1]} accomplices, who take her to a laundry shop in Chinatown, where they have their headquarter.

There, Ennyday, who has followed them, dismantles the gang by fighting them all, including Joe. Inane and Ennyday show signs of mutual love as the embedded story ends.

This scenario is rejected and the editor dismissively advises Douglas to go back to acting.

Notes

^ Ennyday calls them "Japs".

Themes

The Mystery of the Leaping Fish

In this unusually broad comedy for Fairbanks, the acrobatic leading man plays "Coke Ennyday", a cocaine-shooting detective who is a parody of Sherlock Holmes.^[4] Ennyday is given to injecting himself from a bandolier of syringes worn across his chest, and liberally helps himself to the contents of a hatbox-sized round container of white powder labeled "COCAINE" on his desk.^[5]

Fairbanks' character otherwise lampoons Sherlock Holmes with checkered detective hat, clothes and even car, along with the aforementioned propensity for injecting cocaine whenever he feels momentarily down, then laughing with delight. A device used for observing visitors, which is referred to in the title cards as his "scientific periscope", bears a close resemblance to a modern closed-circuit television. What is apparently a clock face has "EATS", "DRINKS", "SLEEPS", and "DOPE" instead of numbers.^[6]

The film displays a lighthearted and comic attitude toward Coke Ennyday's use of cocaine and laudanum. While he catches a gang of drug smugglers, he stops them only after sampling their opium.^[7]

Cast

Douglas Fairbanks as Coke Ennyday/in the frame story, himself
Bessie Love as Inane, the little "fish" blower at the beach rental shop/in the frame story, Douglas Fairbanks's female friend
Allan Sears as Fishy Joe Gent Rolling in Wealth (credited as A.D. Sears)
Alma Rubens as his female accomplice
Charles Stevens as "Japanese" Accomplice
Tom Wilson as Police Chief I.M. Keene
George Hall^[1] as "Japanese" accomplice (uncredited)
William Lowery as gang leader (uncredited)
Joe Murphy as footman on vehicle (uncredited)
B.F. Zeidman as scenario editor in the frame story (uncredited)

Production

Running a total of 25 minutes, the film was initially shot by Christy Cabanne, who was later fired from the production.^[8]^[9] John Emerson was hired and re-shot the film with the help of Tod Browning.^[9]

When filming in Chinatown, the production was attacked by members of the community, because the producers had not requested to film in the neighborhood.^[10]

Despite the lack of evidence, the name of D. W. Griffith has been associated with the production by certain sources.^[11]

Background

The Mystery of the Leaping Fish was released in 1916, the first year after the Harrison Act took effect. Narcotic prohibition was still a new concept in the United States, and the use of opiates and cocaine was much more socially acceptable than today. Furthermore, the censorious Hays Code would not be instituted for another fourteen years after the film's release. With the introduction of the code, depictions of intravenous drug use were not shown in major motion pictures. During the era of the Hays Code, films that dealt with controversial topics such as drug use were morality plays that illustrate the degradation that surrounds the use of such drugs.^[12]

Reception

The film was a departure for Fairbanks due to the subject matter and the fact that he generally appeared in feature films, not two-reelers. The Mystery of the Leaping Fish was the second film Fairbanks did with director John Emerson, their first being His Picture in the Papers (released in February 1916) which was a hit.^[13]

While The Mystery of the Leaping Fish is now considered something of a cult film due its comedic dealings of drug use,^[14]^[15] Fairbanks hated the film and reportedly wanted to have it withdrawn from circulation.^[9] Fairbanks biographer Jeffrey Vance describes The Mystery of the Leaping Fish as "undoubtedly the most bizarre film Fairbanks made" and that the entire scenario is "a hallucinogenic odyssey into the absurd...."^[16]

References

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c Bennett, Carl (September 24, 2013). "Progressive Silent Film List: The Mystery of the Leaping Fish". Silent Era.
^ Basinger 2000, p. 108
^ Cherchi Usai & Bowser 2019, p. 103
^ Cherchi Usai & Bowser 2019, p. 103
^ Basinger 2000, p. 108
^ Boy, Susan C. Hooked: Drug War Films in Britain, Canada, and the United States. p. 34.
^ Deflem, Mathieu, ed. (2010). Popular Culture, Crime and Social Control. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-84950-733-2.
^ Soister, John T. (2012). American Silent Horror, Science Fiction and Fantasy Feature Films, 1913–1929. McFarland. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-7864-8790-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vance 2008, p. 36
^ Love, Bessie (1977). From Hollywood with Love: An Autobiography of Bessie Love. London: Elm Tree Books. pp. 59–60. OCLC 734075937.
^ Usai, Paolo Cherchi (July 25, 2019). The Griffith Project, Volume 9: Films Produced in 1916-18. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-83902-018-6.
^ Stevenson, Jack (2000). Addicted: The Myth and Menace of Drugs in Film. Creation Books. ISBN 978-1-84068-023-2.
^ Eagan, Daniel (2010). America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-8264-2977-3.
^ Vance 2008, p. 35
^ Lombardi, Frederic (2013). Allan Dwan and the Rise and Decline of the Hollywood Studios. McFarland. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-7864-3485-5.
^ Vance 2008, pp. 35–36

Works cited

Basinger, Jeanine (2000). Silent Stars. Wesleyan University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-8195-6451-1.
Vance, Jeffrey (2008). Cushman, Robert (ed.). Douglas Fairbanks. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25667-5.
Cherchi Usai, Paolo; Bowser, Eileen (2019). Cherchi Usai, Paolo (ed.). The Griffith Project, Volume 9. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 103. ISBN 9781839020186.