The Gumm Sisters, later also known as The Garland Sisters[1] were an American vaudeville group consisting of the three children of Frank Gumm and Ethel Marion Milne, who were Judy Garland, Dorothy Virginia Gumm, and Mary Jane Gumm. They gained popularity in the 1920s and 1930s and were known for their harmonious performances and charming stage presence.[2][3][4]
Career
Early beginnings (1924–1934)
The Gumm Sisters began their performance career in 1924 under the guidance of their parents, Francis "Frank" Avent Gumm and Ethel Marion Milne, who were vaudeville performers in Minnesota. The sisters made their stage debut at their father's theater in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, performing various song and dance routines. The Gumm family moved to California, U.S. where the sisters were booked for stage, radio, and movie work by their mother.[5]
Rise to prominence (1934–1935)
After moving to California, they began performing at various venues, gaining regional attention. They were featured in short films and appeared in significant performances, such as at the 1934 Chicago World’s Fair. During this period, the sisters officially changed their stage name to "The Garland Sisters," at the suggestion of comedian George Jessel, and Frances adopted the stage name "Judy Garland".[6][7]
Transformation and breakthrough of Judy Garland (1935–1936)
In 1935, Judy Garland was signed to MGM after a standout solo performance that led studio executives to see her potential as a solo act. MGM’s focus on Judy ultimately marked the end of the trio’s career, as the studio prioritized developing her talent individually. The dissolution of the group allowed Judy Garland to rise as a solo star, leading to an illustrious career that would eclipse The Gumm Sisters’ early fame.[citation needed]
