Tetri Giorgi

The Tetri Giorgi Church near Alaverdi Monastery in Akhmeta, Georgia.
Tetri Giorgi and the Seven Celestials – 1918 design of the emblem of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.

Tetri Giorgi (Georgian: თეთრი გიორგი, "White George") is one of the local names of Christian Saint George in Georgia, specifically in the country's northeastern highland districts.

Tetri Giorgi was used as a national symbol, as part of Georgia's coat of arms in the years 1918–1921 and 1991–2004. The name of Tetri Giorgi has also been adopted by several political and non-political organizations, significantly by an anti-Soviet Georgian émigré group in Europe and a 1990s paramilitary unit.

History

Saint George was venerated in Georgia since Late Antiquity.[1] The exonym Georgia was applied to the country from the 11th or 12th century, probably by false etymology, but inspired by the great popularity of the saint there.[2][3]

The cult of Tetri Giorgi is associated with the Kakheti region in particular. It is syncretistic, combining the Christian saint with the cult of a local lunar deity.[4]

A feast day of Tetri Giorgi (tetrigiorgoba) separate from the feast day of the Christian saint was once marked annually on 14 August, when many pilgrims from the eastern Georgian provinces attended an overnight feast at the saint's chief shrine – a 14th-century church overlooking the village Atsquri in what is now Akhmeta Municipality, Kakheti.[5]

In heraldry

In May 1918, the Democratic Republic of Georgia – newly independent from the Russian Empire – chose the equestrian depiction of Tetri Giorgi as a centerpiece of its coat of arms. But the image was rendered more secular as its Christian symbolism was disfavored by Georgia's Social-Democratic government, recalls Revaz Gabashvili, a critic of the contemporary Georgian government.[6] In this design, Tetri Giorgi is shown as an armed horseman below a depiction of "the Seven Celestials" (the seven classical planets).

This coat of arms was in use until the Soviet takeover in 1921 and again in post-Soviet Georgia from 1991 to 2004.

See also

References

  1. ^ Tuite, K. (2017). "St. George in the Caucasus: Politics, Gender, Mobility.". In Darieva, Tsypylma; Kahl, Thede (eds.). Sakralität und Mobilität im Kaukasus und in Südosteuropa (PDF). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. pp. 21–56.
  2. ^ Assfalg, Julius (1984). "Georgien". Theologische Realenzyklopädie, XII. pp. 389–393.
  3. ^ Khintibidze, Elguja (2002). "A New Theory on the Etymology of the Designations of the Georgians.". In Bublitz, Wolfram; von Roncador, Manfred (eds.). Philologie, Typologie und Sprachstruktur: Festschrift für Winfried Boeder zum 65. Geburtstag. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag.
  4. ^ Yarshater, Ehsan (ed., 1983), The Cambridge history of Iran, pp. 533-534. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-20092-X. "lurking within the Georgians' conception of St George may be a Moon deity, as is evidenced inter alia by the saint's nickname: ťeťri Giorgi (თეთრი გიორგი), 'white George'." S. H. Rapp, The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature (2014), p. 152, referencing Kevin Tuite, "Lightning, Sacrifice, and Possession in the Traditional Religions of the Caucasus", Anthropos 99.2 (2004), 481–497 (487f.).
  5. ^ (in Georgian) თეთრი გიორგი (Tetri Giorgi). State Center of Folklore of Georgia. April 14, 2008. Retrieved on April 30, 2009
  6. ^ (in Georgian) Gabashvili, Revaz, "მოგონებები" ("Memoirs"), pp. 119-120, in: Sharadze, Guram & Sanikidze, Levan (ed., 1992), დაბრუნება (ქართული ემიგრანტული ლიტ-რა) ("The Comeback — Georgian Émigré Literature"). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.

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