Tar (Azerbaijani instrument)

Azerbaijani tar
String instrument
Azerbaijani Tar
Classification	Tar

Craftsmanship and performance art of the Tar, a long-necked string musical instrument
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
Country	Azerbaijan
Reference	00671
Region	Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription	2012 (7th session)
List	Representative

The Azerbaijani Tar is a long-necked, plucked lute, traditionally crafted, and performed in communities throughout the Republic of Azerbaijan. The tar is featured alone or with other instruments in numerous traditional musical styles. It is also considered by many to be the country's leading musical instrument. The tar and the skills related to this tradition play a significant role in shaping the cultural identity of Azerbaijanis.

In 2012, the craftsmanship and performance art of the tar was added to the UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List.^[1]

Performing

Performers hold the instrument horizontally, against the chest, and pluck the strings with a plectrum, while using trills and a variety of techniques and strokes to add colour. Tar performance has an essential place in weddings and different social gatherings, festive events, and public concerts. Players transmit their skills to young people within their community by word of mouth, demonstration, and at educational musical institutions.

History

The "Azerbaijani tar" or "11 string tar" is an instrument in a slightly different shape from the Persian Tar and was developed from the original Persian tar around 1870 by Sadigjan. It has a slightly different build and has more strings. The Caucasus tar has one extra bass-string on the side, on a raised nut, and usually 2 double resonance strings via small metal nuts halfway the neck. All these strings are running next to the main strings over the bridge and are fixed to a string-holder and the edge of the body.^[2]

In the second half of the 19th century, tar went through different renovations. One of the greatest musicians - performers on container Mirza Sadiq Asad (1846-1902) introduced changes in traditional iranian tar structure and form, increasing the number of its strings and bringing them up to 11. He, in addition, has changed the way the game on the container, raising tool with performer knees to his chest.^[3]

New flowering of playing on the container begins in the 20th century. For example, the tar took the lead in the first Sheet orchestra of folk musical instruments, created in 1931 on the initiative of Uzeyir Hajibeyov and Muslim Magomayev largest Azerbaijani composers and public figures of the first half of the 20th century. School of sheet music playing on national instruments based Uzeyir Hajibeyov, further expanded the technical and artistic possibilities of the packaging.^[3]

In Azerbaijan music, tar was used primarily as a lead instrument in the so-called mugham trio of singers (singer), which also includes kamancha and daf. The tar, as a part of mugham trio and as a solo, to date, continues to play a crucial role in the art of mugam, traditional and popular in Azerbaijan.^[3]

Sources

^ Craftsmanship and performance art of the Tar, a long-necked string musical instrument. Unesco.org. Retrieved on 2018-04-29.
^ Middle East. Atlas of Plucked Instruments. Retrieved on 2013-01-01.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Atlas of traditional music of Azerbaijan". atlas.musigi-dunya.az.

External links

Craftsmanship and performance art of the Tar, a long-necked string musical instrument

v t e UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity: Music
Aka polyphony Albanian folk iso-polyphony Angklung Aqyn Arabic maqam Arirang Ashiqs of Azerbaijan Azerbaijani tar Baul music Bećarac Bigwala Biyelgee Bistritsa Babi Bumba-meu-boi from Maranhão Byzantine music Dainichido Bugaku Beijing opera Candombe Cante Alentejano Cantonese opera Cantu a tenore Ca trù Cremona violins Doina Duduk Eshuva Fado Frevo Fujara Gagaku Gagok Garifuna music Georgian vocal polyphony Gong culture Guqin Gwoka Hua'er Hudhud chants Jongmyo Jereyak Iraqi Maqam Istrian scale Kgal Laox Khuumii Klapa Koodiyattam Khorasan Bakhshi Kumi odori Kunqu Lhamo Long song Maloya Meshrep Morin khuur Mugham Muqam Nanyin Nhã nhạc Nongak Ojkanje singing Pansori Pirekua Quan họ Qudud Halabiya Radif Reggae Rebetiko Sama Samba de roda Seto Leelo Shashmaqam Silbo Gomero Slovácko Verbuňk Song of Sana'a Sosso Bala Sutartinės Táncház The Song of the Sibyl Tumba francesa Vallenato Vedic chant Wayang kulit Xi'an guyue Xoan singing

v t e UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani mugham (2008) Art of Azerbaijani ashiq (2009) Traditional art of Azerbaijani carpet weaving (2010) Craftsmanship and performance art of the tar (2012) Traditional art and symbolism of kelaghayi, making and wearing women's silk headscarves (2014) Copper craftsmanship of Lahij (2015) Dolma making and sharing tradition, a marker of cultural identity (2017) Nar Bayrami, traditional pomegranate festivity and culture (2020) Pehlevanliq culture: traditional zorkhana games, sports and wrestling (2022)
Shared	Novruz (Azeri · 2009) Flatbread making and sharing culture: Lavash, Katyrma, Jupka, Yufka (2016) Art of crafting and playing with kamancha (2017) Heritage of the Book of Dede Gorgud, epic culture, folk tales and music (2018) Art of miniature (2020) Sericulture and traditional production of silk for weaving (Azeri · 2022) Culture of tea, a symbol of identity, hospitality and social interaction (Azeri · 2022) Telling tradition of Molla Nasraddin anecdotes (2022) Craftsmanship and performing art of balaban (2023) Craftsmanship of mother of pearl inlay (2023) Iftar and its socio-cultural traditions (2023) Art of illumination (2023)
Need of Urgent Safeguarding	Chovgan, a traditional Karabakh horse-riding game (2013) Yalli (kochari, tenzere), traditional group dances of Nakhchivan (2018)

v t e Azerbaijani musical instruments
String instruments	Bowed instruments Chagane Kamancheh Plucked instruments Kanun Chang Çeng Ud Saz Komuz Shahrud Rud Mugni Tar (Azerbaijani instrument) Choghur Nuzhe Struck instruments Santur
Woodwind instruments	Zurna Tulum Balaban Kaval Tütek Ney Miskal
Percussion instruments	Auxiliary Percussion Bendir Boyuk nagara Cura nagara Daf Davul Dümbek Naqareh Kus Nagara Spoon Laggutu Qoltuq nagara
Possibly extinct	Bülban
See also	Azerbaijani Music Mugham

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