TSI slant

TSI agar slant results: (from left) preinoculated (as control), P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella flexneri

The Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test is a microbiological test roughly named for its ability to test a microorganism's ability to ferment sugars and to produce hydrogen sulfide.[1] It is often used to differentiate enteric bacteria including Salmonella and Shigella.

Composition

The TSI slant is a test tube that contains agar, a pH-sensitive dye (phenol red), 1% lactose, 1% sucrose, 0.1% glucose,[2] and sodium thiosulfate and ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium sulfate.

All of these ingredients are mixed together, heated to sterility, and allowed to solidify in the test tube at a slanted angle. The slanted shape of this medium provides an array of surfaces that are either exposed to oxygen-containing air in varying degrees (an aerobic environment) or not exposed to air (an anaerobic environment).

TSI agar medium was developed based on Kligler's Iron Agar, which had been used for the determination of lactose-fermentative bacteria, by addition of sucrose to be able to detect sucrose-fermentative bacteria, also.[3]

Interpretation of results

Bacteria that ferment any of the three sugars in the medium will produce byproducts.[4] These byproducts are usually acids, which will change the color of the red pH-sensitive dye (phenol red) to a yellow color. Position of the color change distinguishes the acid production associated with glucose fermentation from the acidic byproducts of lactose or sucrose fermentation. . If this occurs, the newly formed hydrogen sulfide (H
2S) reacts with ferrous sulfate in the medium to form ferrous sulfide, which is visible as a black precipitate. Examples of sulfide-producing bacteria include Salmonella, Proteus, Citrobacter and Edwardsiella species. The blackening of the medium is almost always observed in the butt (bottom) of the medium.

A bacterium that is a non-lactose fermenter and ferments glucose, initially causes a yellow slant/yellow bottom (acid/acid reaction) after 8 hours but then converts to a red slant/yellow bottom after 24 hours (alkali/acid reaction). Whereas if it ferments both lactose and glucose, it results in a yellow/yellow tube and remains that way due to the large amount of acid produced in the reaction. Blackening of the bottom due to H2S production may mask the acid reaction (yellow) in the bottom of the tube. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi may result in blackening of the medium at the interface of bottom and the slant.

Various reactions seen in TSI agar

Under anaerobic conditions (as occur toward the bottom of the tube) some bacteria use thiosulfate as an electron acceptor and reduce it to hydrogen gas. This is not very soluble and may accumulate as bubbles along the inoculation track, between the agar and the glass, or in the fluid which accumulates at the bottom of the slant. Hydrogen production may lift the agar from the butt of the tube or fracture the agar (crack the agar). Carbon dioxide, if produced, may not show as bubbles because it is far more soluble in the medium.

See also

References

  1. ^ "TSI Reactions". Retrieved 2008-11-17.
  2. ^ "TSI". Archived from the original on 2012-12-12. Retrieved 2008-11-17.
  3. ^ "Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) - Test Principle, Procedure, Result". 2022-09-10. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
  4. ^ "Triple Sugar Iron Interpretation". Archived from the original on 2008-11-22. Retrieved 2008-11-17.

Read other articles:

Dasawarsa Nanjing

Dasawarsa Nanjing (disebut juga Dasawarsa Nanking, Hanzi: 南京十年; Pinyin: Nánjīng shí nián atau Dasawarsa Keemasan, Hanzi: 黃金十年; Pinyin: Huángjīn shí nián) adalah nama informal untuk dasawarsa dari tahun 1927 (atau 1928) sampai 1937 dalam sejarah Republik Tiongkok. Dasawarsa ini dimulai ketika Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek dari kelompok Nasionalis merebut Nanjing dari panglima perang Sun Chuanfang dari kelompok Zhili (Hanzi: 直(隸)系軍閥; Pinyin...

 

Chennai Central–Mysore Shatabdi Express

Shatabdi Express train route in India MGR Chennai Central - Mysuru Shatabdi ExpressOverviewService typeShatabdi ExpressStatusOperationalFirst service11 May 1994; 29 years ago (1994-05-11)Current operator(s)Southern RailwaysRouteTerminiChennai Central (MAS)Mysore Junction (MYS)Stops2Distance travelled500 km (310 mi)Average journey time7 hours as 12007 Chennai Central–Mysuru Junction Shatabdi Express, 7 hours 25 mins as 12008 Mysuru Junction–Chennai Central Shata...

 

Первородный грех

Об экономическом термине см. Первородный грех (экономика). ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Ран�...

Banyu Irang, Bati-Bati, Tanah Laut

Banyu IrangDesaKantor desa Banyu IrangPeta lokasi Desa Banyu IrangNegara IndonesiaProvinsiKalimantan SelatanKabupatenTanah LautKecamatanBati-BatiKode pos70852Kode Kemendagri63.01.05.2007 Luas3940 km²Jumlah penduduk... jiwaKepadatan... jiwa/km² Banyu Irang adalah salah satu desa di Kecamatan Bati-Bati, Kabupaten Tanah Laut, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Pranala luar (Indonesia) Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 050-145 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemberian dan Pemutakhiran Kode, Dat...

 

AEA June Bug

AEA June Bug Role Pioneer era aircraftType of aircraft Manufacturer Aerial Experiment Association Designer Glenn Curtiss First flight June 21, 1908 Status Crashed January 2, 1909 Primary user Aerial Experiment Association Produced 1908 Number built 1 The June Bug was an American pioneer era biplane built by the Aerial Experiment Association (A.E.A) in 1908 and flown by Glenn Hammond Curtiss. The aircraft was the first American airplane to fly at least 1km in front of a crowd. Design and...

 

2011 European Track Championships – Men's keirin

UEC European Champion jersey 2011 UEC European Track ChampionshipsSprintmenwomenTeam sprintmenwomenKeirinmenwomenOmniummenwomenTeam pursuitmenwomenPoints racemenwomenMadisonmenvte The men's keirin was held on 23 October 2011, with 23 riders participating.[1] Medalists Gold  Matthew Crampton (GBR) Silver  Christos Volikakis (GRE) Bronze  François Pervis (FRA) Results Qualifying The first two riders in each heat qualified for the second round, remainder to...

Тарумовский район

район / муниципальный районТарумовский район[комм. 1] Флаг Герб 44°04′25″ с. ш. 46°32′05″ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Россия Входит в Дагестан Адм. центр село Тарумовка глава района Александр Зимин История и география Дата образования 6 октября 1946 Площадь 3109,02[1] км² ...

 

Bray Wyatt

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Wyatt. « Windham Rotunda » et « Husky Harris » redirigent ici. Pour les autres significations, voir Rotunda et Harris. Windham RotundaBray Wyatt en 2017.Données généralesNom de naissance Windham Lawrence RotundaNom de ring Alex Rotunda[1]Alex RotundoAxel MulliganDuke RotundoHusky HarrisWindham RotundaBray WyattThe FiendNationalité AméricainNaissance 23 mai 1987BrooksvilleDécès 24 août 2023 (à 36 ans)ClermontTaille 6′&#...

 

Dila, Afghanistan

Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Beberapa atau seluruh referensi dari artikel ini mungkin tidak dapat dipercaya kebenarannya. Bantulah dengan memberikan referensi yang lebih baik atau dengan memeriksa apakah referensi telah memenuhi syarat sebagai referensi tepercaya. Referensi yang tidak benar dapat dihapus sewaktu-w...

Heine Brothers'

Heine Brothers'Heine Brothers' location in Louisville's Crescent Hill neighborhoodIndustryCoffee shopFounded1994; 30 years ago (1994)HeadquartersLouisville, KentuckyProductsCoffee, teaWebsiteheinebroscoffee.com Heine Brothers' is a coffee roaster and coffee shop chain founded in 1994 by Gary Heine and Mike Mays in Louisville, Kentucky.[1][2] Mays is President of the company.[3][4] The company has 200-300 employees.[5] History The first...

 

Département de San Miguel (Corrientes)

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l’Argentine. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir San Miguel. Département de San Miguel Localisation du département de San Migueldans la province de Corrientes Administration Pays Argentine Province  Corrientes Chef-lieu San Miguel Démographie Population 10 252 hab. (2001) Densité 3,6 hab./km2 Géograph...

 

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

ソー (オー＝ド＝セーヌ県)

Sceaux 行政国 フランス地域圏 (Région) イル＝ド＝フランス地域圏県 (département) オー＝ド＝セーヌ県郡 (arrondissement) アントニー郡小郡 (canton) 小郡庁所在地INSEEコード 92071郵便番号 92330市長（任期） フィリップ・ローラン（2008年-2014年）自治体間連合 (fr) メトロポール・デュ・グラン・パリ人口動態人口 19,679人（2007年）人口密度 5466人/km2住民の呼称 Scéens地理座標 北緯48度4...

 

Pubertas

Keseluruhan atau sebagian dari artikel ini membutuhkan perhatian dari ahli subyek terkait. Jika Anda adalah ahli yang dapat membantu, silakan membantu perbaiki kualitas artikel ini. Pubertas adalah proses perubahan fisik saat tubuh anak berubah menjadi tubuh dewasa (datang dewasa) yang mampu melakukan reproduksi seksual. Proses ini dimulai dengan sinyal hormonal dari otak ke gonad: ovarium pada anak perempuan, testis pada anak laki-laki. Menanggapi sinyal tersebut, gonad memproduksi hormon ya...

 

詹姆斯·卡拉漢

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2023年12月1日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2021年4月4日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能�...

羅德島州

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要擴充。 (2013年1月1日)请協助改善这篇條目，更進一步的信息可能會在討論頁或扩充请求中找到。请在擴充條目後將此模板移除。 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2013年1月1日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的...

 

March 1974

Month of 1974 1974 January February March April May June July August September October November December << March 1974 >> Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31   March 29, 1974: Mariner 10 becomes first Earth spacecraft to reach the planet Mercury (composite photo made from Mariner 10 data) March 3, 1974: All 346 people aboard Turkish Airlines Flight 981 are killed when DC-10 crashes into forest near ...

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

Kirk McLean

Canadian ice hockey player Ice hockey player Kirk McLean McLean in 2009Born (1966-06-26) June 26, 1966 (age 57)North York, Ontario, CanadaHeight 6 ft 0 in (183 cm)Weight 182 lb (83 kg; 13 st 0 lb)Position GoaltenderCaught LeftPlayed for New Jersey DevilsVancouver CanucksCarolina HurricanesFlorida PanthersNew York RangersNational team  CanadaNHL draft 107th overall, 1984New Jersey DevilsPlaying career 1986–2001 Kirk Alan McLean (born June 26, ...

 

Campanile de Giotto

Campanile de Giotto Vue du campanile depuis le parvis. Présentation Nom local Campanile di Giotto Culte Catholicisme Type Campanile Début de la construction 1298 Style dominant Architecture gothique Site web duomo.firenze.it/it/scopri/campanile-di-giotto et duomo.firenze.it/en/discover/giotto-s-bell-tower Géographie Pays Italie Région Toscane Ville Florence Coordonnées 43° 46′ 22″ nord, 11° 15′ 19″ est Géolocalisation sur la carte : Florence...