Susanna Lee Hoffs (born January 17, 1959) is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and actress. She, Debbi Peterson, and Vicki Peterson founded the Bangles in 1981. Their debut album, All Over the Place (1984), was acclaimed by critics but sold poorly. Their second album, Different Light (1986), was also warmly received by critics and was certified double-platinum in 1987 and triple-platinum in 1994. It contained the US number two single "Manic Monday" written by Prince and the number one single "Walk Like an Egyptian". The group's third album, Everything (1988), included the US top ten charting "In Your Room" and number one "Eternal Flame", both written by Hoffs with Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly. Hoffs was lead vocalist on five of the seven Columbia singles by the Bangles, which contributed to a public perception that she was a lead singer, even though all four members took lead vocals across their output. Following tensions including resentment at Hoffs' perceived leadership and the stress of touring, the band split in 1989. It re-formed in 1999 and released the albums Doll Revolution (2003) and Sweetheart of the Sun (2011).
Hoff's first solo album, When You're a Boy (1991), was followed by Susanna Hoffs (1996). Neither of the releases proved to be as popular as the Bangles' albums, although they yielded two charting singles in the US, the top 40 hit "My Side of the Bed", and "All I Want". She recorded several songs for films and formed the faux-British 1960s band Ming Tea with Mike Myers and Matthew Sweet. Hoffs teamed with Sweet to produce Under the Covers, a series of cover song albums. Her 2012 album Someday was followed by two more cover albums Bright Lights (2021) and The Deep End (2023).
Hoffs' first novel, This Bird Has Flown, a romantic comedy about a struggling musician, was published by Little Brown in 2023. It received favorable reviews, and Universal Pictures purchased the rights to the novel for a screen adaptation.
Early life
Susanna Lee Hoffs was born in Los Angeles, California, on January 17, 1959.[1][2][3][A] She is the daughter of film director/writer/producer Tamar Ruth (née Simon) and Joshua Allen Hoffs, a psychoanalyst. Her family is Jewish.[7][8] She has two brothers, John and Jesse.[9] She has said that her home environment "wasn't really traditional" and that it was an "atheist, intellectual, creative world". She said that while her mother was religious and kept kosher, her father was secular.[9][10] Her maternal grandfather, Ralph Simon, was a rabbi in Chicago and her maternal uncle, Matthew Simon, was rabbi emeritus for the B'nai Israel Congregation of Maryland and marched with Martin Luther King Jr. during the Civil Rights movement.[11][12][13] Hoffs visited Israel for the first time at the age of 12 to see her grandparents, and she celebrated her bat mitzvah at the King David Hotel in Jerusalem.[14]
In the late 1970s, while a student at UC Berkeley, Hoffs and her then-boyfriend David Roback formed the Psychiatrists, later changing their name to the Unconscious.[16][24][25][26] In one account, Hoffs said that the short-lived group would perform for 50 minutes, to reflect the duration of "psychiatrists' hours", but in a 2012 interview she said that this early group never performed in public.[24][26][27]
There are different accounts of how Hoffs met the other members of the Bangles. She either posted an ad in a local newspaper and left flyers at the Whisky a Go Go at a Go-Go's concert in search of potential bandmates, or answered an ad asking for musicians to join a group.[28][29][30] In the second scenario, the woman who advertised had previously been in a group with sisters Vicki and Debbi Peterson and shared a house with them. Hoffs elected to form a group with the Petersons rather than with the original advertiser, and they started the band in Hoffs' parents' garage in Brentwood, which had been refurbished as an apartment for Hoffs.[29][31]
The band was originally called the Colours,[32] but changed it to the Supersonic Bangs after Hoffs saw an article about 1960s hairstyles in an old copy of Esquire, and subsequently to the Bangs.[24][32] Hoffs said that the group "liked the double-entendre of the name" and that "you can read a lot into it. There was something kind of gutsy about it."[24]Annette Zilinskas joined as the bass player alongside Hoffs on rhythm guitar, Vicki Peterson on lead guitar, and Debbie Peterson on drums.[24][33] The group's influences included the Beatles, the Beach Boys, and the Hollies.[30] Hoffs and the Petersons shared lead vocals.[33] She said that the band's first "real performance" was at Laird International Studios, where Vicki worked as a secretary.[27] They played other venues in Los Angeles and San Fernando Valley, and recorded "Getting Out of Hand" released on their own label Downkiddie in 1981, pressing 1,000 copies.[30][34] In a 1987 Rolling Stone article, the critic Susan Orlean described the band's early audience as "mostly boys, who appreciated their tough-enough music and playfully flirtatious stage presence".[35] Author James Dickerson later characterized the group's loyal audience as "made up of horny high-school and college-age males who relished their in-your-face sexuality", and commented that the musicians had gained their success through their own efforts, without intervention from any man.[36]
Miles Copeland of I.R.S. Records saw the Bangs at a show and signed them to his Faulty Products label. He had previously signed the Go-Go's, likewise an all-female band, whose albums had been commercially successful.[37] In 1982, following a legal claim by another group called the Bangs, Hoffs and her bandmates changed their name again to the Bangles.[37] Meanwhile, Faulty Products folded, and the band's self-titled EP was eventually released on I.R.S. Records in 1982.[38] In 1983, the group was signed to Columbia Records, and Zilinskas left and was replaced by Michael Steele.[30][39] Hoffs played a role in the short comedy film, The Haircut (1982), starring John Cassavetes.[40][41]
Critical and commercial success
The Bangles released their first full album, All Over the Place, in 1984 on Columbia Records; it was acclaimed by critics but sold poorly.[30][42][43] Their breakthrough was the 1986 single "Manic Monday", written by Prince, which reached number two on the charts in the US, the UK, West Germany and Austria,[30][44] as well as reaching number one in South Africa and the top five in Sweden, Switzerland and Norway.[44] This single was included on the album Different Light (1986), which was warmly received by critics and was certified double-platinum in 1987,[30][42] then triple-platinum in 1994.[45] "Walk Like an Egyptian" from the same album reached number one in the US in December 1986,[30] and was their first American gold record single.[45] It also became number one in the charts for Australia,[46] Canada,[47] the Netherlands,[48] South Africa,[44] Spain,[49] and West Germany.[50] Dickerson wrote that "Manic Monday" and "Walk Like an Egyptian" were more appealing to women and girls than the band's previous records had been.[51] Hoffs first met Prince in 1984 and the pair spoke regularly. He attended some of the group's concerts and occasionally appeared on stage with them.[35] Paul Evans and Ernesto Lechner of The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004) wrote that Hoffs had "mastered a singing style that combined pep, coy sweetness, and an occasional plaintive resonance".[52]
In the music video for "Walk Like an Egyptian", during a close-up of Hoffs' face, she moves her eyes from side to side.[53][54] Hoffs recounted that she had been looking at selected members of the crowd to counter stage fright, and had not realized it would be a focal point in the video.[53][55] Tom Breihan of Stereogum wrote of the scene: "But it's so cool. It makes her look like she's up to some mischief."[53] The television director Marty Callner later said: "I saw situations where one shot would make a star, like with Susanna Hoffs and 'Walk Like an Egyptian.' That thing she did with her eyes."[55] In 2011, she said: "I guess it's become an iconic moment in that video, and I didn't even realize it was happening."[56]
A 1986 London performance by the Bangles was reviewed by David Sinclair of The Times, who felt that the band "proved unconvincing in performance", although Hoffs "was by and large the best at creating a mood of emotional involvement. Her clear, fragile voice and coquettish enunciation were reminiscent of Stevie Nicks."[57] In the same paper a few months later, Richard Williams also compared Hoffs to Nicks, writing that Hoffs' "dark eyes, dangerous pout and fancifully sexy costumes [that] match her sultry voice" were reminiscent of the Fleetwood Mac singer.[58] He concluded that Hoffs was "an equally obvious candidate for a successful solo career".[58]
The Bangles had another US number two single with a cover of Simon & Garfunkel's "A Hazy Shade of Winter" released in late 1987 and reaching its peak position in February 1988.[30] Following a successful tour, the group issued their third and final Columbia album Everything in 1988.[30] The first single, "In Your Room", co-written by Hoffs with Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly, became a US top ten hit.[59][60] The same album included their second US number one, and second American gold record single, "Eternal Flame", which was also co-written by Hoffs, Steinberg and Kelly.[59][60][61] The single also topped the chart in eight other countries.[44] Hoffs sang the studio recording of "Eternal Flame" naked due to producer Davitt Sigerson pranking her by telling her Olivia Newton-John had done the same thing. He later told Hoffs he had just been pulling her leg.[62] As the studio was dark, and Hoffs was standing behind a sound baffle, she could not be seen.[61]
Hoffs performing as part of the Bangles at the NAMM Show in 2015. The group was presented with an Icon Award at the show, 30 years after their debut album.[63]
Hoffs was lead vocalist on five of the seven Columbia singles by the Bangles,[64] leading to a public perception that she was a lead singer, even though all four members took lead vocals across their output, and Steele and Peterson did most of the talking between songs in concert.[64] As she was shorter in height than the other band members, photographs tended to feature her at front.[35][65] She was the lead actress in The Allnighter (1987) and gained Prince's attention.[35][65] Orlean wrote that the cumulative effect was to "vault Susanna into beyond-Bangles celebrity status".[35]
Disbandment and aftermath
In 1989, while still popular, the Bangles disbanded to undertake individual projects.[30][66] There had been tensions and disquiet in the group since Different Light; they saw themselves as musical creators, but their biggest successes had been versions of songs written by others. The public perception of Hoffs as bandleader took a toll on group harmony.[29][67] In an interview for a 2002 book, Hoffs pinpointed the stress of touring as the breaking point.[68] In her account, she recalled that the band members were tired and reluctant to tour, but agreed to do so at the behest of their management and record company, and in response to demand from their fans.[68] According to the book's authors Lee Miller and Jessica Miller, "The situation deteriorated so badly that they canceled the tour abruptly and the band split up. Susanna always blamed the stress of that final tour for the breakup".[68]
Hoffs contacted the other members of the Bangles in the late 1990s with the hope of reuniting. In 2008, she told Andrew Murfett of The Age: "I wanted to do new Bangles music. I was driving the other girls crazy calling them. I didn't want to be a 'greatest hits' band. I wanted to write and sing new songs. That was really important to Vicki and Debbie, too. We didn't want to go on a 'Ladies of the 1980s' tour."[69] The reunited Bangles played at a Beatles tribute concert conducted by George Martin,[67] and recorded the single "Get the Girl" for the second Austin Powers film in 1999.[70] In 2000 they announced their decision to reunite full-time.[71] Hoffs recounted that following the experiences that led to the group disbanding in 1989, the band members agreed that each would have a veto on the group's proposed activities.[68] Their fourth album, Doll Revolution, was released in 2003; it received positive reviews, and sold moderately well.[69] The group embarked on a tour following its release.[69] Their fifth album, Sweetheart of the Sun, was released in 2011; it received an average score of 69 on review aggregator site Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[72]
Evans and Lechner felt that the band "achieved gigantically the dubious triumph of sound over significance", and of the "inevitable reunion" that "even nostalgia has its limits".[52]Robert Christgau rated all of the albums from their first incarnation B− or above and gave Doll Revolution three stars.[73]
In 1987, Hoffs starred in the comedy The Allnighter, directed by Tamar Simon Hoffs, which also featured Joan Cusack and Pam Grier.[19][75]Glenn Kenny wrote in Video Review that Hoffs' character was "full of spunk" like her Bangles persona, but less "savvy", concluding that the film was "unextraordinary and inoffensive".[76] While he felt that Hoff's acting abilities were on a par with her more seasoned colleagues in the cast, Patrick Goldstein of the Los Angeles Times argued that "It's her character we have trouble with", and disparaged the film.[75]The New York Times critic Janet Maslin panned the work as "outstandingly dim".[77] The film was also dismissed by Richard Harrington in The Washington Post, who wrote that she appeared "stiff [and] self-conscious".[78] It was commercially unsuccessful. Hoffs said she expected it to fare better as a home video, as the production was more suitable for home than cinema viewing.[79] She later told journalist Chris Hunt: "It was such a low budget quickie thing, a cutesy little teeny-bopper movie. It wasn't a great movie but the whole experience of it was great."[80]
In 1991, Hoffs released her first post-Bangles solo album, When You're a Boy.[81] It begins with the Billboard Top 40 single "My Side of the Bed", which also charted in the UK at number 44.[82][83] It includes the track "Unconditional Love" and ends with a cover of "Boys Keep Swinging", the 1979 song written by David Bowie and Brian Eno.[84] The album was a critical failure;[65] it reached number 83 in the US album charts and number 56 in the UK album charts.[85] In The Times, Sinclair felt that with the exception of the Bowie cover, the album was an "airbrushed exercise in boredom".[84] It was rated as a "dud" by Christgau.[86] In The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (2006), Colin Larkin gave the album 2 out of 5 stars, and argued that it "failed to maintain the interest of the mainstream fans who had discovered the Bangles in the wake of the smash single 'Eternal Flame', while simultaneously alienating the Paisley Underground loyalists with its AOR [Adult-oriented rock] clichés".[4]The Trouser Press Record Guide entry by Ira Robbins panned the album as a "no-holds-barred commercial bore".[87] One upbeat assessment was provided by Alan Neister of The Globe and Mail, who found the album as good as the Bangles' best work: "Both as a songwriter and a song consumer, Hoffs has an ear fine-tuned to a great hook, and there isn't a song on this album that isn't hummable on the very first listen."[88] Jimmy Nicol of Q Magazine gave the album four out of five stars and wrote that Hoffs was extending into "undreamed of territories", adding "She reveals herself to be a highly inventive composer, lyricist – and even humourist".[81]
Her second solo album, Susanna Hoffs, was issued on London Records in 1996.[89]Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic praised it as an "infectious and engaging set of melodic pop that also happens to be Hoffs' most introspective and personal record to date".[90] Wook Kim of Entertainment Weekly remarked that Hoffs "performs a small act of bravery"[91] yet Larkin wrote that only one song, "King Of Tragedy", "had the edgy pop fizz of the Bangles' best work".[92]Billboard reviewed the single, "Only Love", writing: "Energetic and harmonious ditty recalls heyday of '60s-era girl groups. Lots of fun."[93]
Hoffs self-released her third solo album of new material (and her first full album since 1996), Someday, on her Baroque Folk label on July 17, 2012. It was distributed by Vanguard Records.[98]American Songwriter gave Someday a rating of 4.5 out of 5 stars and described it as "easily and undeniably Hoffs' most definitive musical statement to date".[99] James Reed from the Boston Globe wrote: "Someday reminds you that Hoffs is perfectly suited to sunny, winsome material... her performance on Someday isn't that removed from how she sounded on say, 'Eternal Flame'."[100] The tracks include a newly recorded version of "November Sun", which Hoffs had initially recorded for another unrealized album project in 2000. Produced by Mitchell Froom, the album is influenced by the music of the 1960s and features Davey Faragher and Pete Thomas from Elvis Costello's band, the Imposters, and keyboards and orchestration by Froom.[101] Larkin wrote: "The Bangles folded in 1989 partly because Susanna Hoffs was being touted as the 'star' in a previously egalitarian band. It is ironic, therefore, that her solo career failed to come close to the success enjoyed by her old band."[92] Hoffs contributed vocals to "One Voice", the end credits song for the film A Dog Named Gucci (2016), a track also featuring Norah Jones, Aimee Mann, Lydia Loveless, Neko Case, Brian May and Kathryn Calder. "One Voice" was released on Record Store Day, April 16, 2016, with profits from the sale of the single going to benefit animal charities.[102]
Her fifth solo album, 2023's The Deep End, was produced by Peter Asher;[106] The album includes interpretations of songs by the Rolling Stones, Squeeze, and Lesley Gore and received favorable reviews; Lily Moayeri of Spin Magazine wrote, "Hoffs' voice is immediately recognizable, clear and sweet, hitting all the notes she did some 40 years ago. But her singular interpretations are so unique, they sometimes render the songs unrecognizable—in a good way."[107]Gary Graff of Ultimate Classic Rock wrote that the album was a "delight, a demonstration of good taste and guts with Hoffs sounding as beguiling as she did lighting 'Eternal Flame' or having a 'Manic Monday' more than 30 years ago".[106]
Hoffs' debut novel, This Bird Has Flown, a romantic comedy about a struggling musician, was published by Little Brown in 2023.[114][115][116] It received a favorable review from Beatriz Williams in the New York Times, who called it "the smart, ferocious, rock-chick redemption romance you didn't know you needed".[114] Positive critical commentary also came from Mark Weingarten in the Los Angeles Times,[117] Michael Schaub of NPR,[118] and from Kirkus Reviews.[119]Universal Pictures purchased the rights to the novel for a screen adaptation.[120]
Mike Myers, musician Matthew Sweet, and Hoffs formed the core of the faux-British 1960s band Ming Tea after Myers left Saturday Night Live in the early 1990s.[121][122] With Myers developing the Austin Powers character he had created, and with Hoffs pausing her solo career, they first met to play informally and all adopted pseudonyms for the band – Sweet became Sid Belvedere, and Hoffs became Gillian Shagwell.[123] The trio played live at nightclubs in Los Angeles.[122][124] Myers' then-wife, Robin Ruzan, encouraged him to write a film based on the character.[122] The result was Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery, directed by Hoffs' husband Jay Roach.[122][125] Ming Tea appeared in all three Austin Powers films and recorded the songs "BBC" and "Daddy Wasn't There" for two of the soundtrack albums.[96]
Hoffs was featured as a guest singer on Travis's 2020 single "The Only Thing" from their ninth studio album, 10 Songs.
Equipment
Hoffs practicing backstage in 2008. She has often used Rickenbacker guitars.
Hoffs learned to play electric guitar on a Gibson SG.[15] Influenced by the Byrds and the Beatles, she changed to a Rickenbacker because she liked its "angly, bright sound" and purchased a 1960s model with black and white checked binding.[15] She used this on the early Bangles recordings, but after some work on the guitar that affected its feel, she bought a Rickenbacker 325.[15] She is depicted on the cover of All Over the Place holding her Rickenbacker 325V63. Musicologist Peter Mercer-Taylor observed that it was "a black and white 6-string with three pick-ups and a hole for a vibrato bar, though the bar is not in place. Shortly after its 1963 appearance, this had become John Lennon's signature instrument."[131]
Hoffs used the 325 on some of the band's recordings, but found it hard to tune, and said that it "ended up being more of a video guitar".[15] For some time, her main instrument was a borrowed Fender Telecaster, and she also used a Fender Stratocaster (including for live shows in 1984 and 1985); two Rickenbacker 350s and two Rickenbacker 620/12s (obtained during the Different Light sessions); and a Fritz Brothers Roy Buchanan Bluesmaster.[15]
She contributed to the design of a Susanna Hoffs model of the Rickenbacker 350 released in 1988 and 1989.[15]
After the dissolution of the Bangles, Hoffs played a Taylor K22; she later worked with Taylor on the Susanna Hoffs Signature Series of guitars.[15] She also has a 1966 12-string Guild Starfire which she says provides an "incredible bright-but-warm sound", as used for tracks on Doll Revolution.[15]
Personal life
Hoffs reportedly dated the actor Michael J. Fox for a short period in 1986, although both say they have no memory of this.[132][133] In 1988 she met the actor Donovan Leitch, and the pair were in a relationship that lasted for about two years until 1991.[134][135] She married filmmaker Jay Roach in 1993,[136] and they have two sons, born in 1995 and 1998.[137] Roach converted to Judaism when they married.[2][136] In a 2023 interview with Debbie Millman for Print magazine, Hoffs said, "In my life, it took many relationships to realize when I met Jay that that was the right partner for me."[138]
The Bangles are one of the most successful all-female rock bands.[141][142][143] Like their contemporaries the Go-Go's, and Joan Jett and Suzi Quatro earlier, the Bangles composed songs and played instruments.[144] This made them unlike most popular women musical artists of the 1980s, who were principally vocalists.[144] The music historian Sean MacLeod posited that the success of the Go-Go's and the Bangles as women in what were usually male roles in rock music opened a path for groups like Hole, Elastica and Dum Dum Girls.[144] The Bangles were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2000,[145] and to the Goldmine Hall of Fame in 2013.[44] They were presented with the Icon Award at the 2015 She Rocks Awards, thirty years after the release of All Over the Place.[146]
^Nash, Ed (June 23, 2023). "Nine Songs – Susanna Hoffs". The Line of Best Fit. Archived from the original on September 7, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2023.
^"Susanna Hoffs Bares All (?) in New Interview". RockCellarMagazine. August 1, 2012. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2020. RCM: Bangles history has it that you recorded the song "Eternal Flame" in the nude. How did that happen? SH: [Davitt Sigerson] played this kind of practical joke on me – he knew I was very gullible – and he mentioned that he had just finished working on Olivia Newton-John's record and said, "Oh, and she sings everything in the nude. And she just did her best performances ever that way." And I said, "Really? I had no idea!" He told me well after the sessions were over that he was just pulling my leg but that's what launched into this whole conversation where I said, "That sounds like so much fun!" 'Cause I had already had this superstitious thing about wearing the same outfit every time I recorded vocals – sort of my lucky shirt and pants. But this idea transformed me into thinking, "Well, gosh, maybe I'll get my best performances if I'm singing in the nude!"
^Reed, James (October 29, 2012). "Ex-Bangle Susanna Hoffs dips into the sounds of her past". The Boston Globe. p. G3.
^Valentine Smith, Lee (October 2012). "Walk like a mogul". INsite Atlanta. p. 22. Archived from the original on June 6, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023 – via Isuu.
^Keefe, Jonathan (December 24, 2021). "Susanna Hoffs – Bright Lights". In Review Online. Archived from the original on August 23, 2023. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
^"Mike Myers". Digital Hit. Digital Hit Entertainment/ Multiplex Theatre Properties Inc. 1997–2012. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2012.
^Freeman, P.; Alexander, M. (June 12, 1989). "Bangle Susanna Hoffs and actor Donovan Leitch, son of just plain Donovan, mellow together". Peoplae.
^Kolson, Knight-Ridder Tribune News., Ann (August 2, 1991). "Beyond Bangles: Susanna Hoffs settles into her new role as an opening act". Chicago Tribune. p. 3.
^O'Connell, Alex (September 7, 2001). "The girls are back in town". The Times. p. S1.10. one of the most successful girl groups ever, bar Bananarama
^Zuel, Bernard (October 29, 2005). "Back from all over the place". Sydney Morning Herald. p. 33. the most successful all-female rock band of the 1980s
^"Live!; Who: The Bangles, opening act TBA When: 8 p.m. Saturday Where: State Theatre, Falls Church". The Washington Post. May 21, 2009. p. T.6. One of the most successful all-female groups of the modern pop-rock era, and influential, too
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Jonesboro, ArkansasKotaCity of Jonesboro Lambang resmi Jonesboro, ArkansasLambangMotto: People, Pride, ProgressLocation of Jonesboro in Craighead County, Arkansas.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Modul:Location map/data/USA Arkansas' not found.Koordinat: 35°49′41″N 90°41′39″W / 35.82806°N 90.69417°W / 35.82806; -90.69417Koordinat: 35°49′41″N 90°41′39″W / 35.82806°N 90.69417°W / 35.82806; -90.69417Negara&#...
Questa voce sull'argomento poeti statunitensi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Charles Anderson Dana Charles Anderson Dana (Hinsdale, 1819 – Glen Cove, 1897) è stato un poeta e pubblicista statunitense. Si distinse all'epoca per la sua grande attività al contempo giornalistica, grafica e di scrittore. Le sue pubblicazioni più conosciute sono The Household Book of Poetry (1857) e Fifty Perfect Poems. Bibliografia Luigi Cane, L'encic...
The Room of Tears (Italian: Stanza delle Lacrime),[1] also called The Crying Room (Italian: Stanza del Pianto), is a small antechamber within The Sistine Chapel in Vatican City, where a newly elected pope changes into his papal cassock for the first time. Sistine Chapel The Room of Tears receives its name, as a reference to tears that have been shed by newly elected popes within it.[2] According to Fr. Christopher Whitehead, the room's name can be explained because the poor ma...
Fungsi tangga Heaviside yang menggunakan konvensi H ( 0 ) = 1 2 {\displaystyle H(0)={\frac {1}{2}}} Fungsi tangga Heaviside atau fungsi tangga satuan (biasanya disimbolkan dengan H, θ, u, 1, atau 𝟙) adalah fungsi diskontinu yang bernilai nol untuk bilangan negatif dan satu untuk bilangan nonnegatif. Fungsi ini dinamai dari Oliver Heaviside. Definisi Secara matematis, fungsi tangga satuan dapat didefinisikan sebagai berikut. H ( x ) = { 0 untuk x < 0 1 untuk ...
Károly ZipernowskyKároly ZipernowskyBiographieNaissance 4 avril 1853VienneDécès 29 novembre 1942 (à 89 ans)BudapestSépulture Cimetière de FarkasrétNationalité hongroiseFormation Université polytechnique et économique de Budapest (à partir de 1872)Activités Ingénieur mécanicien, ingénieur électricien, inventeur, professeur d'université, ingénieurParentèle Mária Zipernovszky (d) (cousine)Autres informationsA travaillé pour Université polytechnique et économique...
Canadian-American actor Russ ConwayRuss Conway in The Screaming SkullBornClarence Russell Zink(1913-04-25)25 April 1913Brandon, Manitoba, CanadaDied12 January 2009(2009-01-12) (aged 95)Laguna Hills, California, U.S.OccupationActor Russ Conway (April 25, 1913 – January 12, 2009) was a Canadian-American actor and he is best known for playing Fenton Hardy, the father of The Hardy Boys in the 1956-7 The Mickey Mouse Club serial. Born Clarence Russell Zink, he is the brother of the actor Do...
American writer (1924–1987) This article is about the American writer. For other people with the same name, see James Baldwin (disambiguation). It has been suggested that James Baldwin in France be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2024. James BaldwinBaldwin in 1969BornJames Arthur Jones(1924-08-02)August 2, 1924New York City, U.S.DiedDecember 1, 1987(1987-12-01) (aged 63)Saint-Paul-de-Vence, FranceResting placeFerncliff Cemetery, Westchester County, New YorkO...
Sole college of the University of Dublin Trinity CollegeCollegium Sanctae Individuae TrinitatisUniversity of DublinFront Gate on College Green Full nameThe Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars and the other members of Board of the College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin[1] Irish: Coláiste Thríonóid Naofa Neamhroinnte na Banríona Ei...
Term roughly equivalent to Huna people This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Iranian Huns – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Bactria and the Hindu Kush The term Iranian Huns is sometimes used for a group of different tribes that li...
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Arima. Cet article est une ébauche concernant une localité syrienne. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Arima Administration Pays Syrie Gouvernorat Alep Démographie Population 2 839 hab. (2004) Géographie Coordonnées 36° 28′ 20″ nord, 37° 43′ 20″ est Localisation Géolocalisation sur la carte : Syrie Arima ...
Cet article est une ébauche concernant une chronologie ou une date. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Novembre 2007 Nombre de jours 30 Premier jour Jeudi 1er novembre 20074e jour de la semaine 44 Dernier jour Vendredi 30 novembre 20075e jour de la semaine 48 Calendrier novembre 2007 Sem Lu Ma Me Je Ve Sa Di 44 1er 2 3 4 45 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 46 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 47 19 20 21 22 23 24...
Concept in mathematics or computer science For bound variables in computer programming, see Name binding. For free variables in systems of linear equations, see Free variables (system of linear equations). Free variable redirects here. Not to be confused with Free parameter or Dummy variable (statistics). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sour...
Gillespie Airport is a former airport in Nashville, Tennessee.It was opened in 1941. During World War II, it was leased to the United States Army Air Forces as a training airfield. Known USAAF units which trained at Gillespie Field were: 305th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), 3 Oct 1942-2 Nov 1942 306th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), 3 Oct 1942-2 Nov 1942 307th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), 3 Oct 1942-2 Nov 1942 308th Bombardment Squadron (Dive), 3 Oct 1942-2 Nov 1942 Returned after the war to priva...
Trois danseuses de ballet exécutant un saut grand jeté Le danseur de ballet Ángel Corella en 2005 Un danseur de ballet ou une danseuse de ballet (en italien : ballerino [balleˈriːno] au masculin et ballerina [balleˈriːna] au féminin) est une personne qui pratique l'art du ballet classique. Hommes comme femmes peuvent le pratiquer, cependant, la hiérarchie et les rôles de genre y sont stricts. Appartenir à une compagnie professionnelle nécessite des années de formation approf...
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