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Spotted elachura
	Songs (recorded in Wuyuan County, Jiangxi)
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Elachuridae; Alström et al., 2014
Genus:	Elachura; Oates, 1889
Species:	E. formosa
Binomial name
	Elachura formosa; (Walden, 1874)
Synonyms
	Spelaeornis formosus

The spotted elachura or spotted wren-babbler (Elachura formosa) is a species of passerine bird found in the forests of the eastern Himalayas and Southeast Asia. In the past it was included in the babbler genus Spelaeornis as S. formosus, but molecular phylogenetic studies in 2014 provided evidence that it was distinct from the babblers and part of a basal lineage (one that diverged early) with no other close living relatives within the passerine bird clade Passerida. This led to the creation of a new family, Elachuridae, to accommodate just one species (a monotypic taxon).^[2]

Description

The spotted elachura measures 10 cm including its short tail. It is dark brown all over, with rufous wings and tail. It also has white speckles all over its body, shifting to black barring on its wings and tail.

Habitat and distribution

It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, and Vietnam. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. This species is found in undergrowth and dense thickets of this type of forest, with a preference for thick fern ground cover, mossy rocks and decaying trunks of fallen trees and brushwood (often near a stream or creek), long grass, and scrub.^[3]

References

^ BirdLife International (2016). "Elachura formosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22716127A94482064. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22716127A94482064.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
^ Alström, Per; Hooper, Daniel M.; Liu, Yang; Olsson, Urban; Mohan, Dhananjai; Gelang, Magnus; Manh, Hung Le; Zhao, Jian; Lei, Fumin; Price, Trevor D. (2014). "Discovery of a relict lineage and monotypic family of passerine birds". Biol. Lett. 10 (3): 20131067. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.1067. PMC 3982435. PMID 24598108.
^ Collar, N. J. & Robson, C. 2007. Family Timaliidae (Babblers) pp. 70 – 291 in; del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D.A. eds. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 12. Picathartes to Tits and Chickadees. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.