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Spectra Energy Corporation
Company type	Public
Traded as	NYSE: SE
Industry	Oil & Gas Pipelines
Founded	2006
Defunct	February 27, 2017
Fate	Merged into Enbridge
Headquarters	Houston, Texas, United States
Key people	Gregory Ebel, President & CEO
Number of employees	5,700 (2011)
Parent	Enbridge
Website	www.spectraenergy.com

Spectra Energy Corp, headquartered in Houston, Texas, operated in three key areas of the natural gas industry: transmission and storage, distribution, and gathering and processing. Spectra was formed in late 2006 from the spin-off from Duke Energy. Spectra owned the Texas Eastern Pipeline (TETCo), a major natural gas pipeline which brings gas from the Gulf of Mexico coast in Texas to the New York City area, which was one of the largest pipeline systems in the United States.^[2] Spectra also operated three oil pipelines.^[3] In February 2017, Spectra Energy merged into the Canadian company Enbridge.^[4]

History

In 2002, Duke Energy acquired Westcoast Energy, a Canadian corporation, which owned Chatham, Ontario-based Union Gas, regulated under the 1998 Ontario Energy Board Act.

On December 29, 2006 Standard & Poor's added Spectra Energy Corp. to its S&P 500 Index, replacing Parametric Technology Corp. (Nasdaq: PMTC), a software company, which then moved to the S&P MidCap 400 list instead.^[5] Spectra began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol SE.

On January 3, 2007, Duke Energy completed the spin-off of its natural gas business, including Westcoast Energy and Union Gas, to form Spectra Energy. Duke Energy shareholders received 1 share of Spectra Energy for every 2 shares of Duke Energy.

By early August 2007, the S&P 500 breached its first 10% correction in over four years, and the shares of Spectra Energy Corp. sunk to their lowest point since trading had begun in December 2006, after the company announced that second quarter earnings had dropped 39 percent.^[6]

In 2009, the company's financial performance had improved and had a total shareholder return of 38.3 percent.

In 2011, Spectra Energy achieved record net income and surpassed its earnings target by more than 7 percent. And, in 2011, the company increased its annual dividend to $1.12, representing a nearly 8 percent increase.^{[citation needed]}

Merger with Enbridge

Canadian pipeline operator Enbridge Inc. on September 6, 2016, agreed to buy Spectra Energy in an all-stock deal valued at about $28 billion.^[7]

Environmental record

For 2010, Spectra Energy was listed in the Newsweek green rankings, with a ranking of 280 out of the 500 largest publicly traded corporations in America. The listing was based on environmental impacts, green policies, and a reputation survey.^[8]

Despite those high rankings, Spectra Energy's environmental record is not without incidents or government imposed penalties.^[9] Since 2006, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration reports twenty-five separate incidents at Spectra's Texas Eastern Transmission Pipeline ranging from equipment failure to incorrect operations to pipe corrosion. Combined, those incidents caused $12,036,495 in property damage, and the US federal government fined Spectra a total of $403,100 over that period.^[10] The most recent incident for that pipeline occurred on May 31, 2015, when a piece of the pipeline in the Arkansas River near Little Rock, Arkansas ruptured.^[11] Similarly the US federal government has imposed $154,700 in penalties since 2007 at Spectra's Algonquin Gas Transmission Pipeline for a single incident from 2010.^[12] An incident in 2010 from Spectra's Southeast Supply Header Pipeline did $561,563 in property damage, which led to it being fined a total of $201,300 by the US federal government.^[13]

Spectra Energy may be considered the single largest private-sector source of greenhouse gases in British Columbia.^[14] Since it co-owned DCP Midstream Partners with ConocoPhillips, Spectra Energy was reported in 2005 to emit 19,746 tons of nitrogen oxides and 9,286 tons of volatile organic compounds per year.^[15] As of August 2015, Canada's National Energy Board has fined Spectra's subsidiary Westcoast Energy a total of $122,300 for violations.^[16]

Current natural gas pipelines

Algonquin Gas Transmission Pipeline
BC Pipeline, a pipeline running through British Columbia, Canada.
Big Sandy Pipeline, a pipeline in eastern Kentucky.
Union Gas' Dawn to Parkway Transmission Pipeline in southwestern Ontario, Canada.
East Tennessee Natural Gas Pipeline
Gulfstream Natural Gas Pipeline
Maritimes & Northeast Pipeline
Ohio Pipeline Energy Network (OPEN), a pipeline to be completed in late 2015.
Ozark Gas Transmission Pipeline, a pipeline running through Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri.
Salem Lateral Pipeline, a pipeline in Salem, Massachusetts that is under construction and was scheduled to be completed by November 2016.
Southeast Supply Header Pipeline, a pipeline running through Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama.
Texas Eastern Transmission Pipeline
The Union Gas Pipeline System, a pipeline system in Ontario through Spectra Energy's subsidiary Union Gas.

Proposed natural gas pipelines

PennEast Pipeline, a pipeline to run through New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
NEXUS Gas Transmission Pipeline, a pipeline to run through Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, and Ontario.
Sabal Trail Transmission Pipeline, a pipeline to run from central Alabama through southwest Georgia to Orange County, Florida. A minority stake in the venture is owned by NextEra Energy and Duke Energy.

Current oil pipelines

Express Pipeline, a pipeline running from Hardisty, Alberta, Canada to Casper, Wyoming.
Platte Pipeline, a pipeline running from Casper, Wyoming to Wood River, Illinois.
Sand Hills and Southern Hills Pipeline, a pipeline owned by DCP Midstream, Phillips 66, and Spectra Energy equally.

References

^ "SE Profile | Spectra Energy Corp Common Stoc Stock - Yahoo! Finance". Archived from the original on 2016-04-27. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
^ FERC pipeline codes Archived 2013-01-20 at the Wayback Machine
^ Spectra Energy (2015). "Spectra Energy Liquids". Spectra Energy. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ "Enbridge and Spectra Energy Complete Merger". Media Centre News Releases. Enbridge. February 27, 2017. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
^ Campoy, Anna. "S&P changes makeup of indexes". MarketWatch.com.
^ Midday Leaders & Laggards: S&P 500, forbes.com, Associated Press, 08.06.07
^ Dawson, Chester; McKinnon, Judy (2016-09-06). "Enbridge to Buy Spectra Energy in $28 Billion Deal". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2016-09-07.
^ "Green Rankings 2010: U.S. Companies". newsweek.com. Newsweek. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
^ Christensen, Dan. "Pipeline company with tie to Gov. Scott and state backing, has history of accidents". Miami Herald. Miami, FL. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (2015). "TEXAS EASTERN TRANSMISSION LP, Main Operator Report". Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ Reed, Allen. "Pipeline in Arkansas River ruptures, releases natural gas". Seattle Times. Seattle, WA. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (2015). "ALGONQUIN GAS TRANSMISSION CO, Main Operator Report". Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (2015). "SOUTHEAST SUPPLY HEADER, LLC, Main Operator Report". Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on 21 January 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
^ "From carbon steam to cash flow". Globe and Mail. 2007-03-29. Archived from the original on 2007-04-02. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
^ "Industry and Clean Air". The Oklahoman. Retrieved 2008-05-18. ^{[dead link‍]}
^ National Energy Board (2015). "Administrative Monetary Penalties Regulations". Retrieved 26 August 2015.