Special Powers Act, 1974

The Special Powers Act, 1974
Constitution of Bangladesh
  • An Act to provide for special measures for the prevention of certain prejudicial activities, for more speedy trial and effective punishment of certain grave offences and for matters connected therewith.
CitationAct No. XIV of 1974
Passed byJatiya Sangsad
Passed9 February 1974
Legislative history
Bill citationThe Special Powers Act, 1974 (ACT NO. XIV OF 1974)
First reading29 January 1974
Second reading6 February 1974
Third reading9 February 1974
Status: In force

Special Powers Act, 1974 is a law of Bangladesh. The law allows the government of Bangladesh to detain people indefinitely without charging them with anything.

History

The law was passed in 1974 to replace the repealed Security Act of Pakistan,1952, the Public Safety Ordinance of 1958 and the Bangladesh Collaborators (Special Tribunals) Order, 1972.[1] The law targets smuggling, hoarding, and damaging actions.[1] The law allows the government to detain on preventive ground.[1] Awami League dominated Bangladesh Parliament passed the law on 9 February 1974.[2] The Awami League was criticised for passing the law.[3] The law was opposed by Ataur Rahman Khan and Abdus Sattar.[2] Individuals can be up to six months without being charged and indefinitely if endorsed by the advisory board.[2] Bangladesh Nationalist Party maintained it when they came to power despite promising to remove it in their election manifesto.[2][4] Sheikh Hasina called for its removal but after becoming Prime Minister called it useful.[2]

In 1990, section 16(2) of the act was repealed through an amendment but police were filing cases under the section into 2018.[5] Bangladesh High Court ordered police to stop using the section since it was removed through an act of parliament.[6]

In December 2020, Bangladesh Police charged four under the act for vandalizing a statue of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.[7] In 2022, the government was asked to use the act to take action against food hoarding by traders.[8]

Criticism

In 2022, Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami has called for the law to be repealed along with Anti-Terrorism Act, 2009 and Digital Security Act, 2018.[9] Bangladesh Nationalist Party has also called for the removal of the law.[4][10] An editorial in The Daily Star described the law as "draconian" used by governments to harass their political opponents.[11] Human Rights Watch has urged the government to repeal the law citing human right concerns.[12]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Special Powers Act, 1974". Banglapedia. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  2. ^ a b c d e Bhuiyan, Md. Jahid Hossain. "Preventive detention law in Bangladesh: A review". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  3. ^ Majumdar, Badiul Alam (2018-10-01). "All that glitters is not gold". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  4. ^ a b "Will BNP's quitting JS help it?". The Business Standard. 2022-12-12. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  5. ^ Sarkar, Ashutosh (2018-07-24). "Section 16(2) Of Special Powers Act: Scrapped yet used for arrest". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  6. ^ "No cases or arrests under Sec 16: HC". Daily Sun. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  7. ^ "Case filed under Special Powers Act, 4 arrested over Mujib sculpture vandalising". New Age. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  8. ^ "Experts for strict application of Spl Power Act - Front Page". The Daily Observer. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  9. ^ "CTTC arrests Jamaat Ameer Shafiqur Rahman". The Business Standard. 2022-12-13. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  10. ^ "Bangladesh's Opposition Demands Government's Resignation at Massive Dhaka Rally". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  11. ^ Mazhar, Farhad; Elan, Abu Saleh Mohammad. "Who's Security?". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2022-12-13.
  12. ^ "Letter to PM Sheikh Hasina with Recommendations to Improve Human Rights in Bangladesh". Human Rights Watch. 2009-01-29. Retrieved 2022-12-13.

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