Saiddhantika
Non - Saiddhantika
Divisions
Sama vedic
Yajur vedic
Atharva vedic
Vaishnava puranas
Shaiva puranas
Shakta puranas
Shri Rudram (Sanskrit: श्रीरुद्रम् IAST: śrī-rudram), is a Vedic mantra or chant in homage to Rudra (an epithet of Shiva) taken from the Krishna Yajurveda's Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5, 4.7). In Shukla Yajurveda, it is found in Chapters 16 and 18. It is composed of two parts: the Namakam and Chamakam. Chamakam (Sanskrit: चमकम्) is added by scriptural tradition to the Shri Rudram.[1][2] The text is important in Shaivism, where Shiva is viewed as the Parabrahman. The hymn is an early example of enumerating the names of a deity.[3]
Shri Rudram is also famous for its mention of the Shaivite holy mantra Namah Shivaya, which appears in the text of the Śatarudrīya in the eighth anuvāka of Taittiriya Samhita (TS 4.5.8.1).[4] In Shukla Yajurveda it is found in chapter 16, verse 41. It also contains the mantra Aum namah bhagavate rudraya and the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra.[5][6][7][8]
The Sri Rudram is commonly chanted during the Pradosha time, which is considered to be a time auspicious for the worship of Shiva.
Shri Rudram consists of two chapters (praśna) from the fourth kāṇda (book) of Taittiriya Samhita which is a part of Krishna Yajurveda.[9] The names of the chapters are Namakam (chapter five) and Chamakam (chapter seven) respectively.[10] The Namakam (chapter five) in Shri Rudram describes the names or epithets of Rudra, who is a fear-inducing/destructive aspect of Shiva. The devotee asks for the benevolent and graceful aspect of Shiva to be invoked rather than the terrible and fierce aspect of Rudra and requests for the forgiveness of sins. The Chamakam (chapter seven) asks for the fulfillment of wishes.[11] Each chapter consist of eleven anuvākas or hymns.[12][13][14]
The anuvākas or hymns of Namakam correspond to the eleven hymns of TS 4.5, with the final hymn extended by an additional eight verses, including the Mahamrityunjaya Mantra.[15][16][17] The mantra Om Namah Shivaya is derived from the Shri Rudram, in which it appears in the verses of TS 4.5.8 though without the syllable Om.[18][19][20] The Chamakam consists of 11 anuvākas or hymns. The 11th anuvāka prayer (of the chamakam), brings out the long list of benedictions asked for in the odd divine number and even human numbering .The anuvākas or hymns of Chamakam correspond to TS 4.7 and they ask God for fulfillment of wishes.[21]
The earliest homage hymns to Rudra is the Śatarudrīya found in the Shukla Yajurveda (Vajasaneyi Samhita 16.1-66).[22][23] C. Fuller maintains that Shri Rudram is based on Śatarudrīya.[3]
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