^ abNeither performed nor recognized in some tribal nations. Recognized but not performed in several other tribal nations and American Samoa.
^Registered foreign marriages confer all marriage rights. Domestic common-law marriages confer most rights of marriage. Domestic civil marriage recognized by some cities.
^A "declaration of family relationship" is available in several of Cambodia's communes which may be useful in matters such as housing, but is not legally binding.
^Guardianship agreements, conferring some limited legal benefits, including decisions about medical and personal care.
^Inheritance, guardianship rights, and residency rights for foreign spouses of legal residents.
The Bailiwick of Guernsey has never recognised civil partnerships, and prior to 2017 was the sole region in the British Isles to not recognise same-sex couples in any form.
Recognition of foreign unions
Laws regarding same-sex partnerships in Europe¹
Marriage
Civil union
Limited domestic recognition (cohabitation)
Limited foreign recognition (residency rights)
Unrecognized
Constitution limits marriage to opposite-sex couples
¹ May include recent laws or court decisions that have not yet entered into effect.
Civil partnerships performed in the United Kingdom and other relationships treated as such by UK law have been recognised in Guernsey for succession purposes since 2 April 2012, after approval of a bill allowing such recognition by the States of Guernsey on 29 June 2011. The bill received royal assent in the Privy Council on 16 November and was registered in the records of the island on 5 December 2011.[1][2]
On 10 December 2015, the States approved an ordinance to recognise same-sex marriages and civil partnerships performed abroad for the purposes of the Income Tax (Guernsey) Law, 1975. It took effect on 1 January 2017.[3][4][5][6][7] On the same day, the States directed the preparation of legislation to amend the Inheritance (Guernsey) Law, 2011 to recognise foreign same-sex marriages for its purposes.[5][8] A bill to this effect was submitted on 22 January 2016, and was approved by the States on 2 March.[9][10][11] It received royal assent in the Privy Council on 4 May and took effect on 16 May 2016.[12]
On 17 June 2015, the States of Alderney unanimously approved the Inheritance (Alderney) Law, 2015, which includes provisions to recognise same-sex marriages and civil partnerships performed abroad for its purposes.[13][14] The bill received royal assent in the Privy Council on 8 October, was registered in the records of the island on 9 November 2015, and took effect on 1 January 2016.[15][16][17]
Same-sex marriage
Guernsey
In January 2014, it was announced that within the next twelve months deputies would debate whether to accept a state-recognised civil union proposal.[18] The proposed law, titled Union Civile (French:[ynjɔ̃sivil]; Guernésiais: parchounerie civile; Sercquiais: parchunnii civile), was said to be "the most forward-looking marriage law" in the world. The measure would have ended state-sanctioned marriages of any couple and instead replaced it with Union Civile.[19] A consultation on the proposed law began on 1 June 2015 and lasted until 13 July 2015.[20][21][22][23] The law would only apply to the islands of Guernsey, Herm, Jethou and Lihou.[24] On 14 July 2015, the results of the consultation indicated that over 1,600 responses had been filed, with the majority supporting the introduction of a same-sex marriage law rather than a partnership law.[25]
On 30 October 2015, the Policy Council of Guernsey dropped the Union Civile plans and released a report asking the States to agree on introducing a same-sex marriage law.[26][27] The States approved the proposal on 10 December 2015 in a 37–7 vote. Amendments to introduce civil partnerships or Union Civile rather than same-sex marriage were rejected.[28][29][30][31]
In February 2016, a working group, consisting of Chief Minister Jonathan Le Tocq and deputies Elis Bebb and Christopher Green, was established in order to prepare a draft bill.[32][33] A same-sex marriage bill was approved by the States in a 33–5 vote on 21 September.[34][35][36][37]
The Same-Sex Marriage (Guernsey) Law, 2016 received royal assent in the Privy Council on 14 December 2016.[39] It was registered in the records of the island on 16 January 2017.[40] On 21 February 2017, the government announced that the law would take effect on 2 May, if the ordinances to commence it and make the necessary changes to other laws are approved by the States at its meeting on 26 April.[41][42][43][44][45] On 26 April, the States approved both ordinances, and the law took effect on 2 May 2017.[46][47][48][49][50] It applies to the jurisdiction of Guernsey, but not to Alderney and Sark.[40]
The first same-sex marriage in Guernsey was performed on 14 July 2017 between Kirsty Davison and Paula Le Page in Saint Peter Port.[51] The first same-sex couple to marry on Herm were Rebecca and Aletia Leong in August 2022.[52]
Alderney
Alderney, one of the three constituent Channel Islands which form the Bailiwick of Guernsey, has full autonomy in most legal matters (except foreign affairs and other powers that have been transferred to the States of Guernsey), through the States of Alderney.
On 21 February 2017, the States' Policy and Finance Committee (PFC) approved a proposal from the Chief Executive, Victor Brownlees, to draft a bill to allow same-sex marriage on Alderney.[53]LGBT rights advocacy group Liberate estimated that the entire process of legalisation could take 12 months.[54] On 16 May, the PFC agreed to bring forward the proposed Same-Sex Marriage (Alderney) Law, 2017 to a meeting of the States on a date to be determined later.[55] On 18 July 2017, the PFC noted that the draft law was at an advanced stage, but that consequential amendments to other legislation was required before the bill could be presented to the States of Alderney.[56] On 12 September 2017, the PFC unanimously approved the bill.[57][58][59] The legislation was approved by the States on 18 October 2017 by a vote of 9 to 0 with one abstention.[60][61][62] The bill received royal assent in the Privy Council on 13 December 2017 and was registered in the records of the island on 15 January 2018.[63][64][65] On 13 June, the States approved the ordinances to commence the law and make the necessary changes to other laws, all of which came into effect on 14 June 2018.[66][67][68][69] The first same-sex marriage was performed on 16 June 2018 in Platte Saline near Saint Anne.[70][71]
Sark
Sark is a constituent Channel Island which forms part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. It has legislative autonomy and legislation passed by the States of Guernsey do not apply to Sark without approval of the Chief Pleas, resulting in same-sex marriages not being performed in Sark following the passage of Guernsey's legislation.[72] On 2 October 2019, the Chief Pleas approved a proposition directing the Policy and Finance Committee to instruct the Law Officers to draft legislation to legalise same-sex marriage on the island.[73][74][75] A bill mirroring the provisions of the Guernsey same-sex marriage law was approved by the Chief Pleas on 17 December 2019,[76][77] and received royal assent on 11 March 2020.[78] The law was registered in the records of the island on 6 April.[79] On 22 April 2020, the Chief Pleas approved, in a unanimous 14–0 vote, the ordinances to commence the law and make the necessary changes to other laws, all of which came into effect on 23 April 2020.[80][81][82][83]
Sark equestrian Carl Hester praised the legalisation of same-sex marriage on the island.[84]
Statistics
Liberate estimated that around 70 same-sex couples had married in Guernsey in the first year of legalisation.[85]
The Methodist Church of Great Britain has allowed its ministers to conduct same-sex marriages since 2021. The Methodist Conference voted 254 to 46 in favour of the move in June 2021. A freedom of conscience clause allows ministers with objections to opt out of performing same-sex weddings.[90][91] In January 2022, the Methodist congregation in Sark announced it would be performing same-sex weddings in its local chapel.[92] The smaller United Reformed Church has allowed its churches to perform same-sex marriages since 2016.[93]Quakers formally expressed support for same-sex marriage in 2009.[94]
