Salonica vilayet

ولايت سلانيك
Vilâyet-i Selânik
Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire
1867–1912
Flag of Salonica Vilayet
Flag

The Salonica Vilayet in 1867–1912
CapitalSalonica[1]
Population 
• 1911[2]
1,347,915
History 
1867
1912
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Salonica Eyalet
Rumelia Eyalet
Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Bulgaria
Today part ofGreece
North Macedonia
Bulgaria
Contemporary Ottoman map of the Salonica Vilayet

The Vilayet of Salonica[3] (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت سلانيك, romanized: Vilâyet-i Selânik) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire from 1867[4] to 1912. In the late 19th century it reportedly had an area of 12,950 square miles (33,500 km2).[5]

The vilayet was bounded by the Principality (later Kingdom) of Bulgaria on the north; Eastern Rumelia on the northeast (after the Treaty of Berlin); Edirne Vilayet on the east; the Aegean Sea on the south; Monastir Vilayet and the independent sanjak of Serfije on the west (after 1881); the Kosovo Vilayet on the northwest.

The vilayet consisted of present Central and Eastern parts of Greek Macedonia and Pirin Macedonia in Bulgaria. Present Pirin Macedonia part of it was administered as kazas of Cuma-yı Bala, Petriç, Nevrekop, Menlik, Ropçoz and Razlık.[citation needed] It was dissolved after Balkan Wars and divided among Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia and Tsardom of Bulgaria in 1913.

Administrative divisions

Sanjaks of the Vilayet:[6]

  1. Sanjak of Selanik (Thessaloniki, Kesendire, Karaferye, Vodina, Yenice-i Vardar, Langaza, Kılkış (It was also called Avrathisar), Katrin, Aynaroz, Doyran, Usturumca, Tikveş, Gevgili)
  2. Sanjak of Siroz (Serez, Zihne, Demirhisar, Razlık, Cuma-yı Bala, Menlik, Nevrekop)
  3. Sanjak of Drama (Drama, Kavala, Sarışaban, Taşoz (It was later promoted to sanjak), Pravişte, Dövlen)
  4. Sanjak of Taşoz (It was initially part of Sanjak of Drama, its center was Vulgaro)

Demographics

According to the 1881/82-1893 Ottoman census the vilayet had a total population of 1.009.992 people, ethnically consisting as:[7]

Map of subdivisions of Salonica Vilayet in 1907
Vilayet of Selanik (1881) Boundaries and Ethnic Makeup


According to the 1905/06 Ottoman Census, the vilayet had a total population of 921,359 people, ethnically consisting as:[8]

  • Muslims - 419.604
  • Orthodox Greeks - 263.881
  • Orthodox Bulgarians - 155.710
  • Jews - 52.395
  • Wallachians (Vlachs) - 20.486
  • Gypsies - 4.736
  • Catholic Greeks - 2.693
  • Oriental Armenians - 637
  • Protestants - 329
  • Catholic Armenians - 58
  • Latins - 31
  • Syrians - 4
  • Foreign citizens - 795


However, according to the Ottoman Archives, the Vilayet's main ethnoconfessional groups according to the 1905/06 Ottoman Census are:[9][10]

  • Muslims - 510,125
  • Orthodox Greeks (Patriarchists) - 326,030
  • Orthodox Bulgarians (Exarchists) - 229,422
  • Jews - 52,645

By sanjaks, the four main ethnoconfessional groups number, as follows:

Sanjak
Muslims % Greeks % Bulgarians % Jews % Total %
Sanjak of Selanik 233,098 39.8 211,389 36.1 92,752 15.8 49,889 8.3 586,128 100.00
Sanjak of Siroz 150,045 41.1 82,334 22.5 131,476 39.3 1,580 0.4 365,435 100.00
Sanjak of Drama 126,982 76.2 32,307 19.4 5,194 3.1 2,176 1.3 166,659 100.00
Total 510,125 45.6 326,030 29.1 229,422 20.5 52,645 4.7 1,118,222 100.0


According to an estimate by Aram Andonian in 1908 there was the following ethnic distribution in the vilayet:[11]

  • Orthodox Bulgarians - 446,050
  • Muslim Turks - 333,440
  • Orthodox Greeks - 168,500
  • Muslim Bulgarians - 98,590
  • Jews - 55,320
  • Orthodox Vlachs - 24,970
  • Muslim Gypsies - 22,200
  • Mixed - 16,320

Governors

Notes

  1. ^ Geographical Dictionary of the World, p. 1626, at Google Books
  2. ^ Teaching Modern Southeast European History Archived 2012-03-20 at the Wayback Machine. Alternative Educational Materials, p. 26
  3. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Macedonia" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  4. ^ Rumelia at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  5. ^ Europe by Éliseé Reclus, page 152
  6. ^ Selanik Vilayeti | Tarih ve Medeniyet
  7. ^ Kemal Karpat (1985), Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics, The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 158-159
  8. ^ Kemal Karpat (1985), Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics, The University of Wisconsin Press, p. 168-169
  9. ^ Tilbe, Özgür (2018). "Hilmi Pasha's Tenure as Inspector-General in Rumelia (1902-1908) / Hüseyin Hilmi Paşa'nın Rumeli Umumî Müfettişliği (1902-1908)" (PDF) (in Turkish). p. 132.
  10. ^ Rahman Ademi (2006). "The Macedonian Muslims in the Era of Abdulhamid II / II. Abdülhamit döneminde Makedonya Müslümanları" (in Turkish). p. 97.
  11. ^ Defeat in Detail: The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912-1913; Edward J. Erickson; Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003; p.41

References