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The Sakishima Beacons (先島諸島火番盛, Sakishima-shotō hibanmui) are a network of eighteen observation platforms and beacons dating to the early Edo period and located in the Sakishima Islands, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Erected in 1644 by the government of the Ryūkyū Kingdom at the instigation of the Satsuma overlords, at a time of international tension during the transition between the Ming and the Qing Dynasties of China, the beacons were responsible for monitoring and reporting on maritime traffic, with a view to restricting foreign vessels in accordance with the Tokugawa policy of sakoku, i.e. national seclusion.^[1]^[2]^[3] After an initial survey by the Council for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 1993, due to uncertainties over land rights and difficulties of coordination between the involved municipalities, it was not until 2007 that they were jointly designated an Historic Site.^[2]^[3]^[4]

Locations

There are eight beacons in the Miyako Islands and ten in the Yaeyama Islands.^[2] Of those in the Miyako Islands, five are within the city of Miyakojima (on the islands of Miyakojima, Ikema, and Kurima), and three in the village of Tarama (on the islands of Tarama and Minna). Of those in the Yaeyama Islands, two are within the city of Ishigaki (on the island of Ishigaki), seven in the town of Taketomi (on the islands of Taketomi, Kuroshima, Upper and Lower Aragusuku, Hateruma, Kohamajima, and Hatoma), and one in the town of Yonaguni (on the island of Yonaguni).^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Operations

Records suggest that the beacon near Cape Hirakubo on Ishigaki was at one point manned by a team of four, who also slept on the site.^[7] A different signal may have been given depending upon the origin of the ships.^[7] A restaged beacon relay in November 2007 saw an attempt to pass signals along two routes: (1) Hateruma-Aragukusu (Shimoji)-Aragusuku (Kamiji)-Kuroshima-Taketomi-Ishigaki; and (2) Hatoma-Kohamajima-Taketomi-Ishigaki.^[9] Along both routes the initial signal could not be seen from the next observation platform, due to rain; after restarting from the second station, both signals were successfully relayed to Ishigaki; in some instances it took up to ten minutes from the signal being observed for a fire to be lit sufficient for the smoke to be seen at the next station; the exercise highlighted the difficulty in transmitting signals by such a method in times of inclement weather and poor visibility.^[9]^[10]

List of beacons

Beacon	Island	Municipality	Comments	Coordinates
Ikema tōmi 池間遠見	Ikema Island	Miyakojima	located on a small hill at the southern tip of the island^[5]	24°55′20″N 125°14′52″E / 24.922189°N 125.247788°E / 24.922189; 125.247788
Karimata tōmi 狩俣遠見	Miyakojima Island	Miyakojima	on a hill behind Karimata^[5]	24°53′47″N 125°16′40″E / 24.896344°N 125.277786°E / 24.896344; 125.277786
Shimajiri tōmi 島尻遠見	Miyakojima Island	Miyakojima	on a hill in northeast Shimajiri^[5]	24°52′35″N 125°17′52″E / 24.876417°N 125.297813°E / 24.876417; 125.297813
Sunagawa tōmi 砂川遠見	Miyakojima Island	Miyakojima	at the south end of Hiokuyama in Sunagawa	24°43′31″N 125°21′07″E / 24.725300°N 125.352058°E / 24.725300; 125.352058
Kurima tōmi 来間遠見	Kurima Island	Miyakojima	three-metre tower of Ryūkyū limestone (琉球石灰岩) reinforced by the Japanese army during the Pacific War^[5]	24°43′33″N 125°15′08″E / 24.725720°N 125.252337°E / 24.725720; 125.252337
Miyako tōmi 宮古遠見	Tarama Island	Tarama		24°40′26″N 124°42′12″E / 24.673831°N 124.703279°E / 24.673831; 124.703279
Yaeyama tōmi 八重山遠見	Tarama Island	Tarama		24°40′19″N 124°41′46″E / 24.671852°N 124.696204°E / 24.671852; 124.696204
Minna tōmi 水納遠見	Minna Island	Tarama		24°45′09″N 124°42′15″E / 24.752463°N 124.704137°E / 24.752463; 124.704137
Hirakubo tōmi-dai 平久保遠見台	Ishigaki Island	Ishigaki	just to the south of Cape Hirakubo on the Hirakubo Peninsula (平久保半島)^[11]	24°36′35″N 124°18′58″E / 24.609699°N 124.316107°E / 24.609699; 124.316107
Kabira hibanmui 川平火番盛	Ishigaki Island	Ishigaki	near the Kabira Shell Mound (Historic Site) to the northwest of Kabira Bay^[12]	24°28′06″N 124°07′57″E / 24.468374°N 124.132460°E / 24.468374; 124.132460
Kogukusu mui 小城盛 (クスクムイ)	Taketomi Island	Taketomi	also known as Kusuku mui	24°19′57″N 124°05′10″E / 24.332375°N 124.086027°E / 24.332375; 124.086027
Puzumari プズマリ	Kuroshima Island	Taketomi		24°14′13″N 123°59′40″E / 24.236810°N 123.994317°E / 24.236810; 123.994317
Takaniku タカニク	Aragusuku Islands (Kamiji)	Taketomi		24°14′15″N 123°56′36″E / 24.237475°N 123.943377°E / 24.237475; 123.943377
Nakamori 中森 (波照間ムリ)	Aragusuku Islands (Shimoji)	Taketomi	also known as Hateruma muri	24°12′56″N 123°55′40″E / 24.215520°N 123.927884°E / 24.215520; 123.927884
Kōto mui コート盛	Hateruma Island	Taketomi		24°03′51″N 123°46′27″E / 24.064118°N 123.774204°E / 24.064118; 123.774204
Ufu-daki 大岳	Kohamajima Island	Taketomi	the hill rises to 99 m above sea level and is a Municipal Place of Scenic Beauty^[8]^[13]	24°20′47″N 123°58′44″E / 24.346398°N 123.979015°E / 24.346398; 123.979015
Nakamori 中森	Hatoma Island	Taketomi	the small forest is a Municipal Natural Monument^[8]	24°28′16″N 123°49′12″E / 24.471115°N 123.820124°E / 24.471115; 123.820124
Datiguchidi ダティグチディ	Yonaguni Island	Yonaguni	near Cape Agarizaki (東崎) at the eastern end of the island	24°27′45″N 123°01′54″E / 24.462638°N 123.031627°E / 24.462638; 123.031627

References

^ "先島諸島火番盛" [Sakishima Beacons] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "先島諸島火番盛国指定史跡に" [Sakishima Beacons - Designated a National Historic Site]. Ryūkyū Shimpō (in Japanese). 11 April 2007. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b "「火番盛」国の史跡に3市町で10カ所指定" ["Beacons": Designation of A National Historic Site (with 10 component sites and spanning 3 municipalities)]. Yaeyama Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). 11 April 2007. Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ "先島諸島火番盛" [Sakishima Beacons] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "宮古島の文化財国関係" [Cultural Properties of Miyakojima (National)] (in Japanese). Miyakojima City. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ "史跡・文化財" [Historic Sites - Cultural Properties] (in Japanese). Tarama Village. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "火番盛" [Beacons] (in Japanese). Ishigaki City. Archived from the original on 15 September 2010. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c "竹富町の文化財" [Cultural Properties of Taketomi] (in Japanese). Taketomi Town. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ ^a ^b "竹富町内7島で「のろし」リレー 350年以上前の情報伝達を再現" [Beacon Relay across Seven Islands of Taketomi Town: reproducing the signalling method of 350 years ago]. Yaeyama Mainichi Shimbun (in Japanese). 9 November 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2012.
^ "琉球王府時代の「のろし」を再現－竹富町の7島と石垣で検証リレー" [Reproducing the beacons of the Ryukyu royal government across 7 islands of Taketomi and Ishigaki] (in Japanese). Ishigaki Keizai Shimbun. 9 November 2007. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ "3.3 北部地域" [The Northern Region (p. 75)] (PDF) (in Japanese). Ishigaki City. Retrieved 9 June 2012.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "3.4 西部地域" [The Western Region (p. 82)] (PDF) (in Japanese). Ishigaki City. Retrieved 9 June 2012.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "小浜島" [Kohamajima] (in Japanese). Taketomi Town. Retrieved 9 June 2012.