Ruth Clement Bond (May 22, 1904 – October 24, 2005) was an African-American educator, civic leader and artist. As an educator, Bond taught at universities in Haiti, Liberia and Malawi. She headed the African-American Women's Association and in the course of her career advocated for women and children in the US, Afghanistan, the Ivory Coast, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo and Tunisia. As an artist, Ruth is notable for elevating the utilitarian quilt into an avant-garde work of social commentary. Three such quilts remain from this creative period in the 1930s. Those quilts were exhibited at the Museum of Arts and Design in New York and the Michigan State University Museum.
The Bonds moved to Los Angeles shortly after marriage. By 1934, they were living and working in rural Alabama. After her husband joined the Foreign Service in 1944 until the end of her own life, Ruth traveled to many countries, and particularly to countries in Africa or with African heritage.[2]
Education
Bond attended Livingstone College (of which both her parents were graduates), but earned both her bachelor's and master's degrees in English from Northwestern University. Ruth began a doctoral program in Los Angeles that she left after the birth of her first child. She had intended to complete her doctoral studies after the family moved to rural Alabama, but there were no local universities in which to enroll.[2]
Career
From 1930 to 1932, Bond was chair of the English department at Kentucky State College.[1] In the course of her career, Bond taught at universities in Haiti, Liberia and Malawi.[2] While living in Alabama for her husband's work, Bond assisted former sharecropper families in segregated villages with home economics and improvement.
Bond's most notable artistic achievement was the design of a series of quilts in the 1930s. From 1934 to 1938, J. Max Bond Sr. served as the Director of Negro Personnel and Education with the Tennessee Valley Authority. During this time, Ruth worked with a home beautification project to decorate the homes of Black construction workers working to build the Wheeler Dam in Alabama. She designed a series of striking patterns for art quilts that were then made by the wives of the workers.[1][3] Though this was her first and only foray into quilting, her striking modern patterns are remembered as a significant innovation in quilt art, helping move quilt design "from the practical to the artistic realm."[4] She departed from the floral and geometric patterns common in quilt design, depicting silhouettes of Black workers, in a "jagged yet elegant" style reminiscent of Henri Matisse's paper cutouts and Aaron Douglas's paintings. The first quilt was called "Black Power." In Ruth's own words: "That was a pun, of course, TVA being about power. The first quilt showed a bolt of lightning signifying power, held in the hand of a black worker."[4] Altogether, Ruth and the group of women quilters constructed six quilts, known as the "T.V.A. quilts," of which three are remaining; they have been exhibited at the Museum of Arts and Design and the Michigan State University Museum, among others.[2][3]
In 1944, Max accepted a role with the United States Department of State, and the Bonds travelled to Haiti, where Ruth served on the faculty of L'Ecole Normale de Martissant. In 1950, they were posted to Liberia, where Max would serve as the president of the University of Liberia, and Ruth headed the university's English department. In the 1950s and early 1960s, they were posted to Afghanistan, Tunisia, Sierra Leone, and Nyasaland.[1]
