The archdiocese, created in Roman times, was reestablished in 1118 after the Muslim occupation.
History
Roman period (until the 5th century)
Tarragona is one of the most ancient cities of Spain, probably of Iberian origin, as its coins and Cyclopean walls indicate.
The Romans selected Tarragona as the centre of their government in Spain. In the division of the peninsula it was the capital first of Hispania Citerior (Hither Spain) and then of the Province of Hispania Tarraconensis.
The Church of Tarragona is traditionally held to have received visits from James and Paul.
The earliest surviving written testimony concerning the bishops of Tarragona is the third-century Acts of the Martyrdom of the bishop St. Fructuosus and his deacons Augurius and Eulogius.
It is also conjectured that the Hilarius who was the subject of the Decretal issued by Pope Innocent I was also a Bishop of Tarragona. Ascanio was bishop in 465.
In the fifth century Tarragona was overrun by the Vandals, Suevi, and Alani.
Visigoth period (5th to 7th centuries)
The Visigothic king, Euric, took possession of Tarragona in 475 and totally demolished it. During the occupation of the Visigoths it flourished once more.
Sergius, who was bishop from 535 to 546, held councils in Barcelona and Lleida (546). Justus, Bishop of Urgel, dedicated to him his commentary on the Song of Solomon. Tranquillinus was bishop for many years previous to 560. He had been a monk in the Monastery of Asana, under the direction of Victornus.
Artemius, bishop prior to 589, was not able to attend the Third Council of Toledo (589), but sent a substitute, Stephen. He called provincial councils at Zaragoza (599) and Barcelona.
In time of Vera or in that of his successor, George, the Muslim invasion took place. The Arabs destroyed Tarragona in 719.
Louis the Pious appears to have temporarily taken possession of the city. A portion of its territory was bestowed on the Bishop of Barcelona, and the metropolitan rank was given to the Bishop of Narbonne, but was recovered in 759.
Caesarius endeavoured to obtain recognition as titular Archbishop of Tarragona, but was not successful, although he was consecrated by the bishops of Leon and Galicia, and obtained from the pope the abbey of Santa Cecilia, which belonged to the Archbishop of Tarragona.
Berengarius of Rosanes, Bishop of Vich in c. 1078–c. 1099, petitioned Pope Urban II for permission to promote a crusade for the reconquest of Tarragona. CountBerenguer Ramón IIthe Fratricide succeeded in taking the city and made it a fief of the Holy See. The pope, in recognition of the efforts of the Bishop of Vich, conferred on him the pallium as Archbishop of Tarragona, transferring to him all rights to the city and its churches which had previously belonged to the Holy See. The new bishop, however, was to remain in possession of the Church of Vich.
A similar concession was granted to Olegarius, Bishop of Barcelona in 1116–1137, who was permitted to retain possession of his former church until he had obtained complete and peaceful possession of that of Tarragona, of which he had been named Archbishop.
Archdiocese of Tarragona (since 1116)
It was not until 1116 that Tarragona was definitively reconquered by Ramón Berenguer IIIthe Great. Bishop Berenguer had died in 1110, after having assisted, in 1096, at the Council of Nîmes convoked by Pope Urban II.
His successor in the See of Tarragona, Olegarius, had been a canon regular at St. Rufus in Provence, later an abbot, and then Bishop of Barcelona in 1116–1137. To him is due the restoration of the metropolitan authority of Tarragona. In 1117 Count Ramón Berenguer III conferred on him the government of the city that he might endeavour to recolonize it, which work he carried on with great zeal.
He assisted at the councils of Toulouse and Reims (1109), of the Lateran (1123), and of Clermont (1130), and accompanied the Count of Barcelona as pontifical legate in the war which terminated in the imposition of a tribute upon Tortosa and Lleida. The Norman Robert Burdet also joined the forces of the Count of Barcelona, established himself in Tarragona and obtained dominion over a great part of the city.
On the death of Olegarius (6 March 1137), Gregory, Abbot of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa, succeeded him in the vacant See of Tarragona, and was the first incumbent of that see to receive the title of archbishop.
The dissensions among the sons of Robert Burdet led to the murder by them of Archbishop Hug de Cervelló 22 April 1171.
By special privilege of the pope, all the kings of Aragon were crowned at Zaragoza by the archbishop of Tarragona, until the metropolitan See of Zaragoza was re-established in 1318. The dissensions between the archbishops and the kings, on account of the jurisdiction over Tarragona granted to the bishops who had begun its resettlement, continued during the time of king Alfonso II of Aragon and I of Barcelona, who bestowed the city as a dowry on his wife, Sancha of Castile.
When king James I, a child of six years, took the oath, the Archbishop of Tarragona, Asparec de la Barca (1215–1233), carried him in his arms as one of James' four regents. Although he was far advanced in his years, he wished to accompany the king in his expedition to conquer Majorca, and when James refused his consent, he contributed a thousand marks in gold and twelve hundred armed men. Archbishop Asparec also continued the repopulation of the province of Tarragona, initiated the use of the cathedral of Tarragona which was still under construction and sponsored the building of the CarthusianScala Dei monastery in the Montsant region. Under his leadership the reform Council of Lleida was called to promote post-Lateran reforms though the reforms were met with some resistance.[3]
In 1242 a provincial council was convoked at Tarragona to regulate the procedure of the Inquisition and canonical penances. In 1312 a provincial council was assembled in the Corpus Christi Chapel of the cathedral cloister, to pass sentence on the Templars, whom it declared innocent.
King Peter IVthe Ceremonious, who, after forcibly seizing the dominions of the archbishop, repented in his last illness and restored to St.Tecla, patroness of the city, all that he had unjustly acquired.
One of the most celebrated prelates of Tarragona, Antonio Agustín y Albanell (died 1586), a native of Zaragoza, was an eminent jurisconsult and numismatist. He put an end to the struggles referred to in Don Quixote, between the Narros and Cadells factions, which had disturbed the peace of Catalonia.
