Richard Norman Shaw

Richard Norman Shaw
Richard Norman Shaw
Born	Richard Norman Shaw; 7 May 1831; Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	17 November 1912 (aged 81); London, England
Occupation	Architect
Spouse	Agnes Wood (m. 1867)

Richard Norman Shaw RA (7 May 1831 – 17 November 1912), also known as Norman Shaw, was a British architect who worked from the 1870s to the 1900s, known for his country houses and for commercial buildings. He is considered to be among the greatest of British architects; his influence on architectural style was strongest in the 1880s and 1890s.^[1]

Early life and education

Shaw was born 7 May 1831 in Edinburgh, the sixth and last child of William Shaw (1780–1833), an Irish Protestant and army officer, and Elizabeth née Brown (1785–1883), from a family of successful Edinburgh lawyers. William Shaw died 2 years after his son's birth, leaving debts. Two of Shaw's siblings died young and a third in early adulthood. The family lived first in Annandale Street and then Haddington Place. Richard was educated at an academy for languages, located at 3 and 5 Hill Street Edinburgh until c.1842, then had one year of formal schooling in Newcastle, followed by being taught by his sister Janet. The eldest surviving child Robert had moved to London to work; the rest of the family followed about 1846, living in Middleton Road, Dalston. Richard began his apprenticeship almost immediately at an unknown architect's practice. By 1849, he had transferred to the London office of sixty-year-old William Burn, ^[2] at whose practice Shaw remained for five years. He attended the evening lectures on architecture given at the Royal Academy of Arts by Charles Robert Cockerell.^[3] He met William Eden Nesfield at the Royal Academy, with whom he briefly partnered in some architectural designs. During 1854–1856, Shaw travelled with a Royal Academy scholarship, collecting sketches that were published as Architectural Sketches from the Continent, 1858. On his return to London he moved to George Edmund Street's practice.^[4]

Practice

In 1863, after sixteen years of training, Shaw opened a practice for a short time with Nesfield. In 1872, he was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy.^[4]

Shaw worked for, among others, the artists John Callcott Horsley and George Henry Boughton, and the industrialist Lord Armstrong. He designed large houses such as Cragside, Grim's Dyke, and Chigwell Hall, as well as a series of commercial buildings using a wide range of styles.^[4]^[1]

Shaw was elected to the Royal Academy in 1877,^[4] and co-edited (with Sir Thomas Jackson RA) the 1892 collection of essays, Architecture, a profession or an Art?.^[5] He firmly believed it was an art. In later years, Shaw moved to a heavier classical style which influenced the emerging Edwardian Classicism of the early 20th century. Shaw died in London, where he had designed residential buildings in areas such as Pont Street, and public buildings such as New Scotland Yard.

Shaw's early country houses avoided Neo-Gothic and the academic styles, reviving vernacular materials like half timber and hanging tiles, with projecting gables and tall massive chimneys with "inglenooks" for warm seating. Shaw's houses soon attracted the misnomer the "Queen Anne style". As his skills developed, he dropped some of the mannered detailing, his buildings gained in dignity, and acquired an air of serenity and a quiet homely charm which were less conspicuous in his earlier works; half timber construction was more sparingly used, and finally disappeared entirely.^[4]^[6]

Family and later life

On 16 July 1867, Shaw married Agnes Haswell Wood at the parish church in Hampstead.^[7] She was the daughter of James Wood and was born in New South Wales, and most of the Wood siblings were sent to England for part of their education. All the children but Agnes returned to New South Wales and from there, most of the family moved to Christchurch in New Zealand. Agnes lived with an aunt in England and in 1866, she became engaged to Shaw. Her nephew, Cecil Wood (1878–1947), was gifted at drawing and Shaw's career is assumed to have been an influence in Cecil Wood becoming an architect.^[8]

In later life he lived at 6 Ellerdale Road, Hampstead, London.^[9]^[10] He died in London and is buried in St John-at-Hampstead Churchyard, Hampstead, London.

Bedford Park, London

One of Shaw's major commissions was the planning and designing of buildings for Bedford Park, London. Shaw was commissioned in 1877 by Jonathan T. Carr though his involvement only lasted until 1879.^[11] He designed St Michael and All Angels, Bedford Park, as the Anglican parish church for the development.

Built work

Place	Location	County/Country	Date	Listed	Notes
Holme Grange School	Wokingham	Berkshire	1883
Greenham Lodge		Berkshire
Highdown School	Emmer Green, Reading	Berkshire	1878–1880
Dawpool		Cheshire			Demolished 1927.
All Saints’ Church, Youlgreave	Youlgreave	Derbyshire	1869–1870		Restoration.
St Giles' Church	Longstone	Derbyshire	1872–1873		Restoration.
Flete House		Devonshire
House of Bethany	St. Clement's Road, Bournemouth	Dorset	1874–1875
Bryanston School		Dorset	1898
St Swithun's Church	Bournemouth	Dorset	1876-1877	II	Grade II listed church.^[12]
St Michael's Church	Bournemouth	Dorset	1875	II*	Nave of a Grade II listed church.^[13]
Bannow	St Leonards-on-Sea	East Sussex	1877		Tile-hung, timber-framed construction originally featuring a museum room with skylight. Designed for the Rev. John White Tottenham; now a retirement home.^[14]
Baldslow Place	St Leonards-on-Sea	East Sussex	1888		Originally the Ebden family home, now Claremont School.
Chigwell Hall	Chigwell	Essex	1876		The building is now owned by the Metropolitan Police.
St John's Church	Boxmoor	Hertfordshire	1874	II	Grade II listed church.
Flora Fountain	Mumbai	India	1864
Gawsworth Old Rectory	Gawsworth	Cheshire	1873	I	Restoration.
Alcroft Grange	Tyler Hill, Canterbury	Kent	1880s^[15]		Now divided into 4 wings.^[16]
Swanscombe Church		Kent
4 – 6 Page Heath Lane	Bickley	Kent	1864
The Corner House	114 Shortlands Road, Beckenham	Kent	1869
Hillside	Groombridge	Kent	1871		Grade II Listed, considered most typical of his work in Kent^[17]
Bailiff's Cottage	Bromley Palace Estate, Bromley	Kent	1864		Demolished.
Town Hall	Market Square, Bromley	Kent	1863		Unexecuted.
Albion House	James Street, Liverpool	Lancashire	1896–1898
1–2 St. James Street		London	1882–83^[18]
Grim's Dyke	Harrow	London	1870	II^[19]
New Zealand Chambers	Leadenhall Street	London	1871–1873^[18]		Destroyed by enemy action, WWII. Featured Ipswich windows.
Lowther Lodge	Kensington	London	1873–1875		Headquarters of the Royal Geographical Society.
6 Ellerdale Road	Hampstead	London			Built for himself.
8 Melbury Road	Kensington	London	1872–1873^[20]		Built for painter Marcus Stone.
Woodland House	31 Melbury Road, Kensington	London	1876–1877^[20]		Built for painter Luke Fildes.
Kelston	42 Netherhall Gardens, Hampstead	London	1878		Built for painter Edwin Long; subsequently the home of Edward Elgar 1912–1921. Demolished in the 1930s.
Swan House	17 Chelsea Embankment	London	1875–1877
Ellern Mede	31 Totteridge Common, Barnet	London	1877
Bedford Park	Chiswick	London	1879–1882		The first "garden city" suburban development: housing, including St. Michael and All Angels Church.
Albert Hall Mansions	Kensington Gore	London	1879–1886
Tabard Hotel	Chiswick	London	1880	II*
Bolney House	Kingston House estate, London Knightsbridge	London	1883		Demolished in the 1960s.
Norman Shaw Buildings	Thames Embankment	London	1887–1906		Originally built as the new headquarters of the Metropolitan Police, and the first location to be known as New Scotland Yard. The two buildings are now used as Parliamentary offices.
Kate Greenaway House	Frognal	London	1885
1 St. James's Street		London	1904
Trevanion	Totteridge Lane, Barnet	London	1883–1884
Piccadilly Hotel	Piccadilly Circus	London	1905–1908		His last work.
Gatehouse to Banqueting Hall	Jesmond Dene	Newcastle upon Tyne	1869–1870
Cragside	Rothbury	Northumberland	1869/1870–1885		The first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectricity; built for Lord Armstrong.
Chesters		Northumberland
Preen Manor		Shropshire
Adcote	Little Ness	Shropshire	1876–1881
Knight's Bank	Farnham	Surrey	1868		Demolished 1932.
Pierrepont and Merrist Wood		Surrey
WoodPecker Lodge	Holly Lane, Worplesdon	Surrey	1930	11	Also known as North Lodge. Built in the twentieth century as a replica to the opposite south lodge.
Pierrepont House	Frensham	Surrey	1876–1878
Alderbrook Park	Cranleigh	Surrey	1881		Demolished 1956 – house for Pandeli Ralli.
Leyswood	Withyham	Sussex	1866–1869
Bannow	St. Leonard's	Sussex	1877–1879		Private house, now nursing home.
Withyham		Sussex	1867
Gorehill	Petworth	West Sussex	1871
Old School House	Hammerwood, Nr East Grinstead	West Sussex	1872^[21]	II^[22]	Formerly the village school.
Wispers		West Sussex	1874–1876
White Lodge and White Lodge West	Bingley	West Yorkshire
Bradford City Hall extension		Yorkshire	1909
Holy Trinity Church	Bingley	Yorkshire	1866–1868		Demolished 1974.

Gallery

Cragside, Northumberland, 1869
St. Michael and All Angels, Bedford Park, 1879
Norman Shaw Buildings, London. 1887
Design for New Zealand Chambers, London. 1873
Lowther Lodge, headquarters of the Royal Geographical Society, 1873
Adcote, Shropshire, 1876
Grim's Dyke, Harrow, London, 1870
Hillside, Groombridge 1871
Chigwell Hall, Essex, 1876
1–2 St. James Street, London, 1882–83
House for Kate Greenaway in Frognal, 1885
St Swithun's Church, Bournemouth, 1877

References

^ ^a ^b "Richard Norman Shaw". www.victorianweb.org. 18 November 2015. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
^ page 14, Richard Norman Shaw, 2010, Andrew Saint
^ page 15, Richard Norman Shaw, 2010, Andrew Saint
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Chisholm 1911.
^ Richard Norman Shaw, editor: Architecture: A profession or an art: thirteen short essays on the qualifications and training of architects, London, Murray, 1892. Contributors include: R. Norman Shaw, J. T. Micklethwaite, Reginald Blomfield, G.F. Bodley, Mervyn Macartney, Ernest Newton, Edward S. Prior, John R. Clayton, Basil Champneys, W.R. Lethaby, W.B. Richmond, Gerald Horsley and T.G. Jackson.
^ Hill, Rosemary (29 March 2008). "Rosemary Hill on the architect Richard Norman Shaw". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
^ "Married". The Press. Vol. XII, no. 1520. 21 September 1867. p. 2. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
^ Helms, Ruth (1996). The architecture of Cecil Wood (PDF) (PhD). University of Canterbury. pp. 10–12.
^ "Richard Norman Shaw". Blue Plaques Guide. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
^ "Richard Norman Shaw's house, 6 Ellerdale Road, Hampstead, London | RIBA". RIBApix. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
^ page 2, Bedford Park the first Garden Suburb, 1975, T. Affleck Greeves
^ Stuff, Good. "Church of St Swithun, East Cliff and Springbourne, Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole". britishlistedbuildings.co.uk. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
^ "1875 – St. Michael's Church, Bournemouth, Dorset". Archiseek - Irish Architecture. 11 February 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
^ Royal Academy of Arts, Design for Bannow, St Leonards, Sussex: working drawing: plans and elevations of morning room, waiting room and hall chimneys, January 1878 (object No. 08/921). Retrieved 25 March 2022.
^ John Martin. "Y900003 / Youth Hostels Association (England and Wales) / Historical listing of all youth hostels and associated accommodation" (PDF). Retrieved 22 November 2016.
^ "Check out this property for sale on Rightmove!". Rightmove.co.uk. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
^ Newman, John (1983). North East and East Kent (The Buildings of England, 39) (Third ed.). Penguin Books. p. 117. ISBN 9780140710397.
^ ^a ^b John Bold; Tanis Hinchcliffe; Scott Forrester (27 January 2009). Discovering London's Buildings: With Twelve Walks. frances lincoln ltd. pp. 105–. ISBN 978-0-7112-2918-1. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
^ Historic England. "GRIMSDYKE, Harrow (1079676)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
^ ^a ^b "Survey of London: volume 37: Northern Kensington". British History Online. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
^ Nikolaus Pevsner (ed Iain Nairn); The Buildings of England, Sussex; Penguin, 1965
^ Historic England website; number 1028407

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Shaw, Richard Norman". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

Sources

T. Affleck Greeves, "Bedford Park the first garden suburb". Anne Bingley, 1975. ISBN 0851575145.
Andrew Saint, Richard Norman Shaw, revised edition, 2010.ISBN 978-0-300-15526-6.
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell. Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1963. ISBN 9781258016258
Jones, Edward, & Christopher Woodward. A Guide to the Architecture of London. 2nd ed. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992 ISBN 9781780224930
Norman Shaw's Letters: A Selection, Architectural History, Vol. 18 (1975), pp. 60–85, Published by: SAHGB Publications Limited, DOI: 10.2307/1568382