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Richard Erdoes
Richard Erdoes
Born	July 7, 1912; Frankfurt, German Empire
Died	July 16, 2008 (aged 96); Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S.
Occupation	Artist, writer, photographer, editor, illustrator

Richard Erdoes (Hungarian Erdős, German Erdös; July 7, 1912 – July 16, 2008) was an American artist, photographer, illustrator and author.

Early life

Erdoes was born in Frankfurt,^[1] to Maria Josefa Schrom on July 7, 1912. His father, Richárd Erdős Sr., was a Jewish Hungarian opera singer who had died a few weeks earlier in Budapest on June 9, 1912.^[2] After his birth, his mother lived with her sister, the Viennese actress Leopoldine ("Poldi") Sangora,^[3] He described himself as "equal parts Austrian, Hungarian and German, as well as equal parts Catholic, Protestant and Jew..."^[4]

Career

He was a student at the Berlin Academy of Art in 1933, when Adolf Hitler came to power. He was involved in a small underground paper where he published anti-Hitler political cartoons which attracted the attention of the Nazi regime. He fled Germany with a price on his head. Back in Vienna, he continued his training at the Kunstgewerbeschule, now the University of Applied Arts, Vienna.^[5] He also wrote and illustrated children's books and worked as a caricaturist for Tag and Stunde, anti-Nazi newspapers. After the Anschluss of Austria in 1938 he fled again, first to Paris, where he studied at the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere, and then London, England before journeying to the United States. He married his first wife, fellow artist Elsie Schulhof (d. xxxx) in London, shortly before their arrival in New York City.

In New York City, Erdoes enjoyed a long career as a commercial artist, and was known for his highly detailed, whimsical drawings. He created illustrations for such magazines as Stage, Fortune, Pageant, Gourmet, Harper's Bazaar, Sports Illustrated, The New York Times, Time, National Geographic and Life Magazine, where he met his second wife, Jean Sternbergh (d. 1995) who was an art director there. The couple married in 1951 and had three children.^[6] Erdoes also illustrated many children's books.

An assignment for Life in 1967 took Erdoes to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation for the first time, and marked the beginning of the work for which he would be best known. Erdoes was fascinated by Native American culture, outraged at the conditions on the reservation and deeply moved by the Civil Rights Movement that was raging at the time. He wrote histories, collections of Native American stories and myths, and wrote about such voices of the Native American Renaissance as Leonard and Mary Crow Dog and John Fire Lame Deer.^[7] The Erdoes' New York City apartment was a well known hub of the American Indian Movement (AIM) in the early 1970s^{[citation needed]} and he became involved in the legal defense of several AIM members.^{[citation needed]} In 1975 the family moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico where Erdoes continued to write and remained active in the movement for Native American civil rights.

His papers are preserved at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University.^[8]

Works

As author:

Peddlers and Vendors Around the World (1967) OCLC 469694
Policemen Around the World (1967) OCLC 268889
Musicians Around the World (1971) ISBN 9780070195646
The Sun Dance People: The Plains Indians, Their Past and Present (1972) ISBN 9780394923161, 9780394823164, 9780394708034
The Rain Dance People: The Pueblo Indians, Their Past and Present (1976) ISBN 9780394823942, 9780394923949
The Woman Who Dared (1978) ISBN 9780449139752
Saloons of the Old West (1979) ISBN 9780517181737
The Native Americans: Navajos (1979) ISBN 9780806927404
Native Americans: The Sioux (1982) ISBN 9780806927428, 9780806927435
Native Americans: The Pueblos (1983) ISBN 9780806927442, 9780806927459
The Richard Erdoes Illustrated Treasury of Classic Unlaundered Limericks (1984) ISBN 9780917439018
A.D. 1000: Living on the Brink of Apocalypse (1988) ISBN 9780062502957
Crying for a Dream: The World through Native American Eyes (1990) ISBN 9780939680573
Tales from the American Frontier (1992) ISSN 0362-8930
Legends and Tales of the American West (1998) ISBN 9780375702662

As illustrator:

The Cat and The Devil (1964) by James Joyce OCLC 168545
Come over to My House (1966) by Theo. LeSieg (pen name of Theo Geisel aka Dr. Seuss)^[9] ISBN 9780001713130, 9780001711297
The Spotted Stones (1978) by Silvio Bedini ISBN 9780394835730, 9780394935737

As editor, collector or collaborator:

Lame Deer, Seeker of Visions (1972), with John Fire Lame Deer ISBN 9780671211974
The Sound of Flutes and Other Indian Legends (1976), with John Fire Lame Deer ISBN 9780394831817, 9780394931814
American Indian Myths and Legends (1984), with Alfonso Ortiz ISBN 9780394507965, 9781564310293
Lakota Woman (1991) by Mary Crow Dog ISBN 9780060973896
Crow Dog, Leonard; Erdoes, Richard (1995). Crow Dog: Four Generations of Sioux Medicine Men. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-06-016861-2.
American Indian Trickster Tales (1999), with Alfonso Ortiz ISBN 9780140277715
Ojibwa Warrior: Dennis Banks and the Rise of the American Indian Movement (2005), with Dennis Banks ISBN 9780806135809
Ohitika Woman (2009), with Mary Brave Bird ISBN 9780802191564

Honors and awards

American Institute of Graphic Arts
Viennese Museum of Applied Arts
Art Directors Club of New York
Society of Illustrators
American Book Award, Before Columbus Foundation (1991) - for Lakota Woman
Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art (1999)^[10]

References

^ Barnes & Noble 1988,1995, Richard Erdoes: AD 1000 Living on the Brink of Apocalypse
^ Hungarian book review: Volumes 16-18; Volumes 16-18 Magyar Könyvkiadók és Könyvterjesztők Egyesülése, 1974 "A booklet is added in English, German and Russian giving details on the history of the Budapest Opera House opened in 1884, ... who died as long ago as 1905, or of Richárd Erdős, who died in 1912 in his thirties, or of Mihaly Takats.
^ "Leopoldine Sangora". IMDb.
^ Phillips, Zlata Fuss German Children's and Youth Literature in Exile 1933-1950 2001. p.70 "Richard Erdös (*1912) b. July 7, 1912, Vienna, AHM Exile: 1940 USA Richard Erdös was born on July 7, 1912, in Vienna. ... political domination of the National Socialists made it dangerous for Richard Erdös, a Jew, to remain in Europe."
^ "Erdoes, Richard 1912– - Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
^ "The adventurous life of the prize-winning illustrator, photographer, and author, Richard Erdoes - "Inyan Wasicun."". Nuclear-free.com. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
^ Beauvais, Archie B. (July 24, 2008). "Author Richard Erdoes dies at home at age 96". Lakota Country Times. Archived from the original on February 20, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
^ "Yale Finding Aid Database : Guide to the Richard Erdoes Papers". Drs.library.yale.edu:8083. July 16, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2012.
^ Winter, Ariel S. (April 22, 2010). "We Too Were Children, Mr. Barrie: RICHARD ERDOES AND THE LOST DR. SEUSS". Wetoowerechildren.blogspot.com. Retrieved March 5, 2012.
^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 1305. Retrieved February 13, 2013.