Quizalofop

Quizalofop
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2-[4-(6-chloroquinoxalin-2-yl)oxyphenoxy]propanoic acid
Other names
  • Quizalofop
  • QPE
  • Xylafop
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.114.382 Edit this at Wikidata
KEGG
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C17H13ClN2O4/c1-10(17(21)22)23-12-3-5-13(6-4-12)24-16-9-19-15-8-11(18)2-7-14(15)20-16/h2-10H,1H3,(H,21,22)
    Key: ABOOPXYCKNFDNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • CC(C(=O)O)OC1=CC=C(C=C1)OC2=CN=C3C=C(C=CC3=N2)Cl
Properties
C17H13ClN2O4
Molar mass 344.75 g·mol−1
Appearance White powder[1]
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Moderate human toxicity, toxic to fish[2]
GHS labelling:
H301[2]
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 1182 - 1670 mg/kg (rat, oral)[2]
  • 5.8 mg/L (rat, inhalation, 4 hours)[2]
  • LC₅₀/96 h: 10.7 mg/L (rainbow trout)[2]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Quizalofop is a chlorophenxy and phenoxy herbicide that works by inhibition of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase to selectively control grasses, without affecting broadleaf crops. It may be shortened to QPE, from Quizalofop-P-Ethyl.[3] It is a Group 1 / A / A herbicide, used in Australia,[4] Morocco and Europe.[1]

Affected weeds show symptoms after 7 to 10 days, the base and inter-veins become yellow; new growth joints are weak. After 16 days, tips become yellow or red and the plant falls apart.[4] In animal tests, it has been shown not to cause cancer or reproductive problems.[5]

Application

Typically is quizalofop sold as an agricultural emulsifiable concentrate at 100-200 g/L, using solvents of liquid hydrocarbons or N-Methylpyrrolidone. When sprayed on crops, it is most effective in mild, fine weather with rain in the next one or two days. Hot and dry conditions reduce control. Clay content, soil pH or soil organic matter has little effect on QPE. The usual application is through a 30-150 L/Ha tank mix.[5]

QPE is a post-emergent herbicide and is absorbed through the leaves, whence it is quickly translocated to the roots and growing sections of the plant. It has little residual activity after the initial spraying.[5]

Environmental Behaviour

Quizalofop is leached moderately in soil and not expected to leach, having low soil mobility. It is biodegradable, and has a soil-half-life of about 60 days. It is non-toxic to birds and bees.[2]

To bees and birds, QPE is non-toxic, though it is toxic for arthropods and for invertebrates.[5]

Lists

Quizalofop has been used on: beetroot, cabbage, canola, carrots, cauliflower, chickpeas, clover & sub clover, Pastures, cucumbers, faba beans, field peas, honey few, melon, lucerne, lupins, medic pasture, mung beans, navy beans, onions, potatoes, pumpkins, radish, soybeabs, sunflower and tomatoes.[6]

Quizalofop has been used to control: annual ryegrass, barley grass, brome grasses, wild oats, awnless barnyard grass, Barnyard grass, Couch grass, dinebra, crowsfoot grass, foxtail millet, Columbus grass, Johnsongrass, liverseed grass, rhodes grass, Queensland blue grass, summer grass, paspalum and kikuyu.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b Lewis, K.A., Tzilivakis, J., Warner, D. and Green, A. (2016) An international database for pesticide risk assessments and management. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 22(4), 1050-1064. DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2015.1133242
  2. ^ a b c d e f "4Farmers Quizalofop SDS" (PDF). 4farmers.com.au. 4Farmers Australia. 15 July 2021.
  3. ^ "4Farmers Quzalofop-P-Ethyl 100". 4farmers.com.au. 4Farmers Australia.
  4. ^ a b "4Farmers Quizalofop-P-Ethyl 100 Infosheet" (PDF). 4farmers.com.au. 4Farmers Australia.
  5. ^ a b c d "Quizalofop". www.herbiguide.com.au.
  6. ^ a b "4Farmers Quizalofop Label" (PDF). 4farmers.com.au. 4Farmers Australia.
  • Quizalofop in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)