QinetiQ Banshee

Banshee
A Banshee Jet 80 onboard HMS Prince of Wales
Role Target Drone, Reconnaissance
National origin United Kingdom
Manufacturer QinetiQ
First flight 1983
Introduction 1984
Status In service
Primary user Worldwide
Number built Over 8,000[1]
Developed into SAGEM Crecerelle

The Banshee, formerly the Target Technology Banshee or BTT3 Banshee, then Meggitt Banshee, is a series of British target drones developed from the 1980s for air defence system training. In December 2016, Meggitt's target drone subsidiary, Meggitt Target Systems, was sold to QinetiQ for £57.5 million[2][3] and versions of the drone are now simply named after "Banshee". The most recent common version is the 2021 Banshee Jet 80+.

Design and development

Propeller versions

Meggitt Banshee on display in 2010

The Banshee was originally developed by Target Technology Ltd.[4] The company had been specialising in lightweight engines for drones and had developed its own design in 1983.[5]

Banshee is built mostly out of composite material (Kevlar and glass-reinforced plastic) with a tailless delta wing planform. The first models used a 26 hp 342 cc Normalair-Garrett two-cylinder two-stroke driving a pusher propeller. Performance was 35 to 185 knots (65 to 343 km/h; 40 to 213 mph) with an endurance from one to three hours. Flight control is by two elevons.

Later models used Norton P73 wankel engines.[6][7] Some versions of the Banshee can be used for reconnaissance.[8]

The Banshee Whirlwind is a currently marketed remotely piloted version using a 40 kg thrust rotary engine, with a typical mission endurance of 90 minutes and a parachute for recovery.[2][9]

Jet versions

Banshee Jet 80 on display in 2017

A single jet engine version with 40 kg of thrust was developed and entered service in 2010, later named the Banshee Jet 40.[10] It was improved into the Banshee Jet 40+, which is still marketed in 2024.[11]

A faster twin-jet engine version called the Banshee Jet 80 entered service in 2014, with a forward and side-looking infrared source in the nose to create, alongside the jet engines, a realistic rearward infrared target. It has a maximum airspeed of 180 m/s (650 km/h), and with an auxiliary fuel tank it has an endurance of over 45 minutes.[12][8]

In September 2021 the British Royal Navy trialled an improved variant called the Banshee Jet 80+. This version has a typical endurance in excess of 45 minutes, a maximum airspeed of 200 m/s (720 km/h), an operating range in excess of 100 km and altitude range of 5–9,144 m (16–30,000 ft). Target characteristics can be changed by using plug-in modules.[13][14][15]

As of 2019, QinetiQ was developing the Banshee Next Generation (NG).[16]

From 2022 to 2024 the US Department of Defense and QinetiQ were developing the Rattler Supersonic Target MkI, conducted the first test flights at White Sands Missile Range High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility (HELSTF) in March 2024.[17] The Rattler ST is carried aloft by a Banshee Jet 80+, and emulate a variety of advanced missile threats at speeds up to Mach 2.6.[18]

Operational history

Banshee entered service with the British Army in the mid-1980s as an aerial target for the Short Blowpipe and Javelin shoulder-launched missiles.[19]

Banshee has been deployed in over 40 countries.[20] Early versions were tested against Blowpipe, Chaparral, Crotale, Javelin, Phalanx, Rapier, Hisar (including Hisar O+ and Siper), Sea Sparrow, QRSAM, Akash SAM (including Akash-NG) and Barak 8 SAM systems.[21]

In 2023, the US Army Threat Systems Management Office (TSMO) purchased a specialised version of its Banshee Jet 80+ known as the MQM-185B, compatible with its Army Ground Aerial Target Control System (AGATCS).[22]

In April 2024, QinetiQ collaborated with the UK Ministry of Defence to demonstrate the UK's first teaming between a crewed aircraft and an autonomous drone. The drone used in the trials was a Banshee Jet 80 which was controlled by the crewed aircraft to conduct a mission assignment.[23]

Russo-Ukrainian War

In May 2023, the UK reportedly supplied Ukraine with Banshees which had been modified as kamikaze drones.[24] The remains of a Banshee were discovered, equipped with a 7 kg warhead, by Russians in Donetsk in February 2024.[25][26] The drone is either a Meggitt Banshee drone or a copy of one. Jet powered, it has a 7 kg explosive warhead and a range of 100 kilometres (62 mi).[27]

In 2024, Ukrainian media reported that the British government had decided in May 2023 to give strike-adapted Banshee Jet 80+ drones to Ukraine, with a one-way range of up to 200 kilometres (120 mi).[28][29]

Operators

Variants

  • Banshee 300 - (1988)
  • Banshee 400 - Reconnaissance (2001)
  • Banshee 500 - First model to include all epoxy based composite construction
  • Banshee 600 - Evolution of the 500 variant
  • Banshee Whirlwind - Rotary engine
  • Banshee Jet 40 - Single turbine (2010)
  • Banshee Jet 40+ - Single turbine
  • Banshee Jet 80 - Twin turbine (2014)
  • Banshee Jet 80+ - Twin turbine (2021)

Specifications Meggitt BTT-3 Banshee

Banshee top-view silhouette

Data from Meggitt

General characteristics

  • Crew: None
  • Length: 2.84 m (9 ft 4 in)
  • Wingspan: 2.49 m (8 ft 2 in)
  • Height: 0.86 m (2 ft 10 in)
  • Empty weight: 39 kg (85 lb)
  • Gross weight: 73 kg (160 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Norton P73 Wankel rotary engine, 28 kW (38 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn)
  • Endurance: 1 hour 15 minutes
  • Service ceiling: 7,000 m (23,000 ft)

On Display

Meggitt Banshee target drone at the Science Museum, London (2017)

References

  1. ^ "Banshee". Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  2. ^ a b "Banshee Whirlwind Aerial Target". AirforceTechnology. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Qinetiq Target Systems Limited". DueDil. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  4. ^ "Target Drones". Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  5. ^ "New UK target RPV". flightglobal.com.
  6. ^ "Rotary powers target drone". Flight International. 21 July 1988. p. 34. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012. Target Technology is to use Norton rotary engines to power its existing Banshee and upcoming Demon target drones. The company has ordered 200 P73 rotary engines and taken options on 300 more, together worth £500,000.
  7. ^ UK funding for rotary engine in pdfarchive at flightglobal.com
  8. ^ a b "Visual Aircraft Recognition" (PDF). Headquarters Department of the Army. May 2017. p. F-3. TC 3-01.80. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  9. ^ "Banshee Whirlwind". QinetiQ. 2017. QinetiQ/18/03114. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  10. ^ "Banshee Jet 40" (PDF). QinetiQ. 2021. QinetiQ/18/03114. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  11. ^ "Banshee Jet 40+". QinetiQ. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  12. ^ "Banshee Jet 80". QinetiQ. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  13. ^ "Banshee Jet 80+". QinetiQ. 2018. QinetiQ/19/00479. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  14. ^ Newdick, Thomas (1 October 2021). "Royal Navy Is Experimenting With Launching Jet-Powered Drones From Its New Carriers". twz.com. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  15. ^ "Banshee Jet 80+ Aerial Target Drone, UK". naval-technology.com. 10 November 2021. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  16. ^ "Banshee Next Generation (NG)". QinetiQ. 2019. QinetiQ/18/03115. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  17. ^ "First flights of Rattler Supersonic Target prove successful". Shephard News. 20 March 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  18. ^ "Rattler Supersonic Target (ST)". QinetiQ. 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  19. ^ "1986 | 1877 | Flight Archive". www.flightglobal.com. Archived from the original on 6 November 2012.
  20. ^ "Banshee". Archived from the original on 14 July 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  21. ^ "Meggitt BTT-3 Banshee". Retrieved 7 January 2011.
  22. ^ "QinetiQ to deliver unique Banshee Jet 80+ target system to US Army". QinetiQ (Press release). 17 May 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  23. ^ "QinetiQ achieves UK's first jet-to-jet teaming between aircraft and autonomous drone". Qinetiq. 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  24. ^ "UK to provide Ukraine with long-range kamikaze drones". Militarnyi. 15 May 2023. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  25. ^ "Russians discovered the remains of a kamikaze drone similar to the British Banshee". Militarynyi. 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  26. ^ "First Sighting Of British Banshee Jet-Powered Drone In Ukraine". Covert Shores. 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  27. ^ THOMAS NEWDICK (19 September 2024). "British Target Drones Appear To Have Been Turned Into Strike Weapons In Ukraine". TWZ. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  28. ^ Shcherbak, Svetlana (19 February 2024). "Ukraine Utilizes British QinetiQ Banshee Jet 80 UAVs as Long-Range Kamikaze Drones". Defense Express. Kyiv. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  29. ^ Allison, George (8 March 2024). "UK to supply over 10,000 drones to Ukraine". UK Defence Journal. Retrieved 28 August 2024.
  30. ^ Ellis, Ken (2016). Wrecks & Relics (25th ed.). Crecy. p. 162. ISBN 978-191080-9037.
  31. ^ "CNAM - Banshee 300, 3088". www.cnam.org.uk. Archived from the original on 24 September 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
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