The stream begins in Totara Park, a nature reserve in South Auckland east of Manukau. The stream flows south towards the Auckland Botanic Gardens, then changes course, flowing west and north-west through Manurewa, Wiri and Manukau. At Wiri, the stream changes course again, flowing south-south west to the Puhinui Reserve and out into the Manukau Harbour.[1] The stream is approximately 12 kilometres long,[2] and the catchment covers approximately 2,964 hectares.[3]
History
The stream is in the traditional rohe of Waiohua, including Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua and Te Ākitai Waiohua, and was traditionally used to collect flax and eels.[2][4] The name Puhinui (large war canoe plume) is a reference to a conflict between the Waiohua and Marutūāhu tribes of the Hauraki Gulf, and was the name of a Marutūāhu waka taua that hid in ambush in the stream.[2][1] The mouth of the stream has been settled by Tāmaki Māori peoples for at least six hundred years,[4] The volcanoes adjacent to the creek, Matukutūreia and Matukutūruru were home to two hilltop pā, collectively known as Matukurua.[5] The names of the mountains commemorate a story of two chiefs. The chief of Matukutūruru ("the bittern standing at ease") was captured while eel fishing. The chief of Matukutūreia ("the vigilant bittern") saved the pā and the people of Matukutūruru.[5] Over 8,000 hectares of stonefield gardens were tended by Tāmaki Māori peoples on the lower slopes of the volcanoes,[6][7] where crops such as kūmara and bracken fern root were grown.[8] The upper stream catchment was a hinterland, primarily used for resource collecting.[2]
In January 1836 missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs, including the Puhinui Creek catchment. It is unclear what the chiefs understood or consented to, as Māori continued to live in South Auckland, unchanged by this sale.[9] In the 1850s, the land around the lower Puhinui Creek became a part of the McLaughlin family's Puhi Nui estate.[4] The Invasion of the Waikato in 1863 led to the confiscation of lands around the creek.[3]
In the 20th century, much of the catchment of the Puhinui Creek was farmland.[3] During World War II, American military camps were established at Totara Park, along the banks of the upper Puhinui Creek.[3] The stream was heavily modified in the 20th century, especially with the construction of the Southern and Southwestern Motorways, which bisect the creek.[3] In 1982, the Auckland Botanic Gardens was opened along the upper creek.[3]
By the early 2000s, the stream had become one of the more polluted waterways in the Auckland Region.[10] Intensive regeneration work took place beginning in the early 2000s, leading the Puhinui Creek to be named the most improved stream at the 2016 NZ River Awards.[11] In 2022, the Auckland Council partnered with Te Ākitai Waiohua, Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua to create Te Whakaoranga o te Puhinui, a generational plan to restore the creek.[12] By July 2023, over 14,000 native trees has been planted along the banks of the stream.[13]
^ abcCameron, Ewen; Hayward, Bruce; Murdoch, Graeme (2008). A Field Guide to Auckland: Exploring the Region's Natural and Historical Heritage (Revised ed.). Random House New Zealand. p. 262. ISBN978-1-86962-1513.
.png)
