Prinny

This article is about the fictional race. For the game they star in, see Prinny: Can I Really Be the Hero? For "Prinny" as a historical nickname, see George IV of the United Kingdom.
Prinny
Disgaea character
A Prinny as seen in the Disgaea series.
First gameDisgaea: Hour of Darkness (2003)
Voiced byGrant George (Disgaea: Hour of Darkness and Disgaea 4: A Promise Unforgotten)[1]
Sam Riegel (Disgaea 7: Vows of the Virtueless)[2]
Junji Majima (Japanese)

Prinnies (プリニー, Purinī) are a fictional race of creatures primarily in Nippon Ichi's Disgaea series of role-playing games. First appearing in Disgaea: Hour of Darkness, they have appeared in all later titles by the company, as well as on various merchandise such as hats and plush toys. With a few notable exceptions, they are voiced by Junji Majima in Japanese releases and Grant George in the English releases from Disgaea: Hour of Darkness to Disgaea 4: A Promise Unforgotten. The Prinnies are regarded as the mascots for the Disgaea series and have received generally positive reception.

Concept and creation

The Prinny was created by Takehito Harada while he was trying to come up with a character whose thoughts players could not try to envision. He began by choosing to make it animal-based, eventually deciding on making something similar to a penguin. He was told that he could use this character as much as he wanted. While it initially started out as looking somewhat realistic, it eventually gained a doll-like form.[3]

Appearances

A prinny is a small, usually blue, pouch-wearing penguin-like creature with disproportionately small bat wings, two peg legs where feet would normally be, and stitches at the top of the chest. When thrown, they explode on impact.[4] A common trait of prinnies is their upbeat attitude and tendency to end their sentences with "-ssu". In the English translation, they frequently use "dood" as an interjection. Prinnies stand roughly 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall, though the weight can vary.[5] Prinnies attack with knives, bombs, and occasionally other weapons stored in their bags.[5] While rarely mentioned in the game, prinnies have been known to dispense a beverage known as prinny juice, which according to a Nippon Ichi Software America interview is produced from "the most flavorful and delicious parts of our fresh, vine-grown Prinnies".[6]

In Disgaea: Hour of Darkness, humans who have led a worthless life, such as thieves or murderers, or have committed a mortal sin such as suicide, have their souls sewn into the body of a prinny upon their death. Due to the unstable soul of a human,[7] regular prinnies will explode when they hit something with great force, such as when thrown.[5] However, Prinny suits filled with demon souls, as seen in Makai Kingdom or in the case of recurring boss Baal, will not. After being reborn, the newly created prinny will serve as a soldier, slave, or servant in the Netherworld or Celestia. The prinny remains until it has earned reincarnation by redemption through good deeds or earning enough money, and leaves its servitude in a ritual involving the Red Moon. In Celestia, prinnies mostly act as maids and domestic servants. The good deeds they perform there lead to their reincarnation. In the Netherworld, depending on the lord they serve, they spend their difficult after-lives doing excessively hard labor for very little pay, and are often thrown around just for the amusement of their lords. The pittance of money they earn in the Netherworld goes towards their reincarnation.

Some prinnies live in Prinny Land, their own world in which prinnies do not explode when thrown. Some prinnies flee there to escape their lives in the Netherworld, and some may have rebelled or have been banished there. Another place prinnies can be found is the Land of Carnage. These prinnies live for battle and look down on newcomers. While prinnies manage all shops and such, an old friend can be found here too. Prinny Kurtis makes a comeback as a Land of Carnage only character. The player can summon Kurtis with cell phones and pass some bills from the Earth Defense Forces to aid him, it is not needed to gain access to Kurtis. In the Land of Carnage, the prinnies call warriors who fight hundreds of thousands of battles "Shura." Rumor has it, there is a prinny who has lived in the Land of Carnage longer than anyone else and is the master of the land.

Prinnies have appeared in almost every major Nippon Ichi video game; their first appearance was in the game Disgaea: Hour of Darkness. Prinnies follow a ranking system, starting at Private Prinny and moving up to Prinny God. The "Uber Prinny", which is the prinny form of Baal, cannot be utilized by players. Prinnies are usually under Etna's control. In Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories they lead the Dark Court and are responsible for judging the party's crimes, of which a guilty verdict will always be passed. In general the felonies applied by the Dark Court are to the player's benefit but if one wants to remove them from a character for various reasons then the character must reincarnate as a Prinny to atone for their sins.[8] Unlike most other incarnations, prinny gods do not have immunity to status effects. In Disgaea 3: Absence of Justice, a special Prinny under the title Hero Prinny appears as part of special downloadable content. The Hero Prinny claims that he has come to make a guest appearance from Prinny: Can I Really Be The Hero?, but Mao doesn't believe him. It ends up that Mao defeats and captures Hero Prinny, and turns him into a hero. The Hero Prinny then becomes playable. Prinnies star in their own game Prinny: Can I Really Be the Hero? for the PSP handheld console.[9]

In Makai Kingdom: Chronicles of the Sacred Tome, prinnies are said to possess the soul of a demon, rather than that of a human. Their bodies are manufactured in Ruskan factories, located in another dimension, by inventor demons. In order to create Prinny units in Makai Kingdom, the player must first make a wish to create Prinnies in The Sacred Tome. Then the first Prinny class will become available to create. The weaponry available to a prinny is expanded to include expertise with shovels and wrenches. The Prinnies do not explode when thrown. Prinnies appear in Phantom Brave, which does not use a subclass system, and are able to use all weapon types, but have a smaller role in the game's plot. Pringer X serves as the final challenge of the bonus storyline. Phantom Brave's Prinnies cause explosions upon being summoned or unsummoned, these explosions do not injure the Prinny itself. Airborne prinnies make an appearance in Tori no Hoshi: Aerial Planet, a game similar to Pilotwings, used to add a "Nippon Ichi flavor" to the title.[10] The crossover role playing game Cross Edge features a prinny and Etna.[11] They also appeared in Trinity Universe, a crossover game with characters from Idea Factory, Nippon Ichi, and Gust Corporation. Nippon Ichi's characters include the Prinny as well as Etna and Flonne.[12] A giant Prinny appeared as a special attack in the company-collaborative RPG, Hyperdimension Neptunia Mk2, where the in-game character Nisa (named Nippon Ichi in the Japanese version) throws a bunch of kunais at enemies, then throws the giant Prinny at the enemies, which results in a nuclear bomb type explosion. Nisa is also designed to resemble a Prinny. A Prinny cap is unlockable in the 3D remake of the 2004 Cave Story, published by Nippon Ichi Software. Prinny also appear in the PS3 Exclusive title Last Rebellion as optional bosses to be faced in the final mirror when entered as Nine.

In other media

A Prinny appeared in a Penny Arcade comic strip on September 4, 2006.[13] A Prinny also appeared as a recurring character in Fred Perry's LvlUp! comic series.[14]

Promotion and reception

Prinnies are regarded as mascots for the Disgaea series,[9] featuring strongly in Nippon Ichi's marketing such as the annual Tipsy Prinny press events.[15] The third event, held in the Zebulon Bar San Francisco on June 5, 2008, featured green Prinnies suspended from every banister and light fitting.[16] Nippon Ichi Software's online store sells various merchandise such as several different Prinny plushies,[17][18] and in Japan Nippon Ichi has released several pieces of Prinny merchandise and has used the characters in cosplay to promote the release of Prinny: Can I Really be the Hero? in Akihabara.[19][20] A Prinny stylus was featured as a pre-order bonus for people who pre-ordered Disgaea DS.[21] Additionally four Prinny avatars for the PlayStation 3's PlayStation Home were also released for sale, modeled after the different unique Prinnies in the original Disgaea.[22]

Prinnies have been described as one of the most notable characters in the Disgaea series.[23] RPGamer called them the "much-adored penguin mascots" of Disgaea,[24] while Wired.com called them "adorably snarky."[25] IGN editor Dave McCarthy praised Disgaea 3: Absence of Justice's humour, citing the Prinnies as an example.[26] In a preview of the upcoming game starting the character in PlayStation: The Official Magazine, Chris Hudak asked "What better sign that you've warmed the cold hearts of videogamers worldwide than to have your own beloved, signature character?", additionally comparing in great detail the Prinny to fellow video game mascots Mario, Sonic the Hedgehog, and Dragon Quest's Slime.[27] PSX Extreme described them as "one of the most recognizable – and curiously lovable – characters" in the Disgaea series.[28] Webcomic Penny Arcade featured a Prinny in their comic to mark the release of Disgaea 2,[29] adding in the commentary "You've probably heard that penguins are great fathers or whatever, you saw that Goddamn penguin movie and you bought into their whole thing. When faced with one of these hideous creatures, there is only one recourse: be stern for two panels, and then give in."[30] GamesRadar listed the Prinny as one of the 25 best new characters of the decade, describing it as "heartwarmingly pathetic," calling the act of creating an army of "nigh-invulnerable Prinny wimps" is one of the greatest accomplishments in role-playing games.[31] They also listed it as one of the most impractical video game characters, describing it as "incredibly stupid."[32]

References

  1. ^ "The Official Site for Voice over Artist Grant George - Credits". Archived from the original on 2016-04-11. Retrieved 2016-12-04.
  2. ^ "Prinny Voice - Disgaea 7: Vows of the Virtueless (Video Game)". Behind The Voice Actors. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
  3. ^ "In Character: Takehito Harada from 1UP.com". 1Up.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27.
  4. ^ Louis Bedigian (2006-08-16). "Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories Review". GameZone. Archived from the original on 2008-12-30. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  5. ^ a b c Takehito, Harada (2008), World of Disgaea, Volume 2. Broccoli Books. p. 84. ISBN 1-59741-152-3
  6. ^ Chris Coker (2008-11-20). "QJ's official interview with a Prinny, featuring brand new screens!". PSP Updates. Archived from the original on 2011-02-11. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  7. ^ Takehito, Harada (2008), World of Disgaea, Volume 2. Broccoli Books. p. 100. ISBN 1-59741-152-3
  8. ^ Jeff Haynes (2006-08-29). "Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories Review". IGN. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  9. ^ a b John Tanaka (2008-08-29). "Disgaea Mascot Featured in New PSP Title". IGN. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  10. ^ Christian Nutt (2008-06-27). "Q&A: Inside The House Of Disgaea". Gamasutra. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  11. ^ Mike Fahey (2008-09-04). "Cross Edge - Prinnies And Felicia, Fighting Together, Mass Hysteria". Kotaku. Retrieved 2008-11-28.
  12. ^ IGN Staff (7 May 2009). "Crossover RPG From NIS, Gust, and Idea Factory". IGN.
  13. ^ Gabe and Tycho (2006-09-04). "Prinny Please". Penny Arcade. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
  14. ^ Fred Perry (2010-09-18). "LvlUp!". Archived from the original on 2011-11-21. Retrieved 2012-05-16.
  15. ^ Hamza Aziz (2008-06-06). "Tipsy Prinny Night 08: NIS America debuts A Witch's Tale". Destructoid. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  16. ^ Cortney Knox (2008-06-10). "NIS America's Tipsy Prinny Night". Static Multimedia. Archived from the original on 2008-08-03. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  17. ^ "PlayStation: The Official Magazine Holiday Gift Guide '08," PlayStation: The Official Magazine 13 (Holiday 2008): 37.
  18. ^ 開催期間：2008年11月20日(木)　～　2009年１月11日(月・祝) Archived 2009-01-14 at the Wayback Machine (in Japanese). Nippon Ichi Software. Retrieved on 2008-12-10.
  19. ^ Anoop Gantayat (2008-11-19). "Nippon Ichi holds Prinny campaign". AndriaSang. Archived from the original on 2012-08-26. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  20. ^ Brian Ashcraft (2008-02-01). "Bring on the Prinny Hats!". Kotaku. Archived from the original on 2009-02-04. Retrieved 2008-11-26.
  21. ^ "RPGamer > Staff Review > Disgaea DS". Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
  22. ^ Famitsu Staff (2008-12-17). PlayStation Homeに『鉄拳』や『ソウルキャリバー』のラウンジが新登場 (in Japanese). Famitsu. Retrieved on 2008-12-17
  23. ^ Staff (September 2003). "Two role-playing games offer a passport to strange new worlds". The Sacramento Bee: TK36
  24. ^ "RPGamer - News Bulletin - Disgaea 2 Invades Dengeki PlayStation". Archived from the original on 2008-05-13. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
  25. ^ Cavalli, Earnest (2008-11-05). "Prinny: Can I Really Be The Hero? Coming to the States". Wired.
  26. ^ Dave McCarthy (25 September 2008). "Disgaea 3: Absence of Justice Interview". IGN.
  27. ^ Chris Hudak, "Prinny: Can I Really Be the Hero?: I feel Prinny, oh so Prinny," PlayStation: The Official Magazine 13 (Holiday 2008): 26.
  28. ^ Dutka, Ben (2008-12-15). PSP Previews: Prinny: Can I Really Be The Hero? Archived 2009-03-16 at the Wayback Machine. PSX Extreme. Retrieved on 2008-12-23
  29. ^ Mike Krahulik, Jerry Holkins (2006-09-01). "Prinny Please". Penny Arcade. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  30. ^ Jerry Holkins (2006-09-03). "Prinny Please (commentary)". Penny Arcade. Retrieved 2008-11-27.
  31. ^ "The 25 best new characters of the decade". GamesRadar. 2009-12-29. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
  32. ^ "The Top 7... impractical characters | GamesRadar+".

Read other articles:

Elmo Nüganen

Nüganen pada 2020 Elmo Nüganen, lahir 15 Februari 1962, adalah seorang sutradara teater, sutradara film dan aktor Estonia. Ia menjadi sutradara artistik Teater Kota Tallinn sejak 1992. Ia menjadi profesor di Akademi Musik dan Teater Estonia pada 1998-2002 dan 2008-2012. Ia menyutradara film perang Names in Marble dari 2002 dan 1944 dari 2015.[1] 1944 memiliki jumlah audien minggu pembuka tertinggi dalam sejarah film Estonia dan menjadi perwakilan negara tersebut untuk Academy Awards...

 

Śrāmaṇera

Śrāmaṇera di Thailand Bagian dari seri tentangBuddhisme SejarahPenyebaran Sejarah Garis waktu Sidang Buddhis Jalur Sutra Benua Asia Tenggara Asia Timur Asia Tengah Timur Tengah Dunia Barat Australia Oseania Amerika Eropa Afrika Populasi signifikan Tiongkok Thailand Jepang Myanmar Sri Lanka Vietnam Kamboja Korea Taiwan India Malaysia Laos Indonesia Amerika Serikat Singapura AliranTradisi Buddhisme prasektarian Aliran Buddhis awal Mahāsāṃghika Sthaviravāda Aliran kontemporer Theravāda...

 

Quincy Adams station

Rapid transit station in Quincy, Massachusetts, US Quincy AdamsQuincy Adams station platform viewed from above in 2018General informationLocationBurgin Parkway at Centre StreetQuincy, MassachusettsCoordinates42°13′58″N 71°00′29″W / 42.232894°N 71.008083°W / 42.232894; -71.008083Line(s)Braintree Branch (Red Line)Platforms1 island platformTracks2 (Red Line) 1 (Commuter rail)Connections MBTA bus: 230, 238ConstructionParking2538 spaces ($9.00 fee)Bicycle f...

SD Negeri 001 Batu Ampar

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. SDN 001 Batu AmparInformasiJenisSekolah NegeriAlamatLokasiJl. Tamalatea, Tanjung Sengkuang, Batam, Kepri,  IndonesiaMoto SDN 001 Batu Ampar, merupakan salah satu Sekolah Menengah Dasar Negeri yang ada di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, yang beralamat di...

 

Imperium kolonial Jerman

Imperium Kolonial JermanDeutsches Kolonialreich1884–1920 Bendera Lambang Koloni dan protektorat Jerman pada tahun 1914StatusImperium kolonialIbu kotaBerlinBahasa yang umum digunakanJermanSejarah • Konferensi Berlin 1884• Traktat Heligoland–Zanzibar 1890• Perang Herero 1904• Dibubarkan 1920• Perjanjian Versailles 28 Juni 1919 Luas 1912[1] (tidak termasuk Kekaisaran Jerman)2.658.161 km2 (1.026.322 sq mi)Kode ISO 3166DE Sunt...

 

Thomas Perronet Thompson

Thomas Perronet Thompson, potret oleh George Hayter Thomas Perronet Thompson (15 Maret 1783 – 6 September 1869)[1] adalah seorang anggota Parlemen Inggris, gubernur Sierra Leone dan seorang reformis radikal. Ia menjadi menonjol pada tahun 1830-an dan 1840-an sebagai aktivis terkemuka di Liga Hukum Anti-Jagung. Ia berspesialisasi dalam mobilisasi opini masyarakat akar rumput melalui pamflet, artikel surat kabar, korespondensi, pidato, dan rapat perencanaan daerah yang t...

1954 NFL Championship Game

1954 NFL Championship GameCleveland Stadium under construction Detroit Lions (Western)(9–2–1) Cleveland Browns (Eastern)(9–3) 10 56 Head coach:Buddy Parker Head coach:Paul Brown 1234 Total Detroit Lions 3700 10 Cleveland Browns 1421147 56 DateDecember 26, 1954StadiumCleveland Stadium, Cleveland, OhioAttendance43,827Hall of FamersLions: Jack Christiansen, Lou Creekmur, Bobby Layne, Joe Schmidt, Dick Stanfel, Doak Walker Browns: Paul Brown (coach/gm), Doug Atkins, Len Ford, Frank Gatski,...

 

Eugene Chen

Chinese revolutionary, lawyer, and diplomat Eugene Chen陳友仁Eugene Chen as pictured in The Most Recent Biographies of Chinese DignitariesMinister of Foreign AffairsIn officeJune 1, 1931 – 1932Preceded byAlfred Sao-ke SzeSucceeded byLuo Wengan Personal detailsBorn(1878-07-02)2 July 1878San Fernando, Trinidad and TobagoDied20 May 1944(1944-05-20) (aged 65)Shanghai, Reorganized National Government of the Republic of ChinaResting placeBabaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, Beijing,...

 

Peter Gunn

American private eye television series created by Blake Edwards For other uses, see Peter Gunn (disambiguation). Peter GunnGenreActionCrime dramaCreated byBlake Edwards[1]Written bySteffi BarrettTony BarrettGene L. CoonBlake EdwardsGeorge FassGertrude FassVick KnightP. K. PalmerLester PineLewis ReedStarringCraig Stevens[1]Lola AlbrightHerschel BernardiHope EmersonMinerva UrecalByron KaneComposerHenry Mancini[1]Country of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. o...

Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey

Human rights watchdog Human Rights and Equality Institution of TürkiyeTürkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik KurumuLogoAgency overviewJurisdictionMinistry of JusticeHeadquartersKızılay, Ankara39°55′12.6″N 32°51′30.22″E / 39.920167°N 32.8583944°E / 39.920167; 32.8583944Agency executiveProf. Dr. Muharrem KILIÇ, ChairmanWebsitewww.tihek.gov.tr The Human Rights and Equality Institution of Türkiye (Turkish: Türkiye İnsan Hakları ve Eşitlik Kurumu, TİHEK)...

 

Induction motor

Type of AC electric motor Tesla motor redirects here. For the electric car company, see Tesla, Inc. Three-phase totally-enclosed fan-cooled (TEFC) induction motor with end cover on the left, and without end cover to show cooling fan on the right. In TEFC motors, interior heat losses are dissipated indirectly through enclosure fins, mostly by forced air convection. Cutaway view through stator of TEFC induction motor, showing rotor with internal air circulation vanes. Many such motors have a sy...

 

Daftar korban meninggal di Tembok Berlin

Salah satu dari beberapa tempat peringatan untuk orang-orang yang tewas di Tembok Berlin Terdapat sejumlah korban tewas di Tembok Berlin, yang berdiri sebagai sebuah pembatas antara Berlin Barat dan Jerman Timur dari 13 Agustus 1961 sampai 9 November 1989. Sebelum pendirian Tembok Berlin pada tahun 1961, 3,5 juta orang Jerman Timur menghindari pembatasan emigrasi Blok Timur, banyak yang melintasi perbatasan dari Berlin Timur ke Berlin Barat, di mana dari sana mereka kemudian bisa melakuk...

Theresa Villiers

British Conservative politician The subject of this article is standing for re-election to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom on 4 July, and has not been an incumbent MP since Parliament was dissolved on 30 May. Some parts of this article may be out of date during this period. Please feel free to improve this article (but note that updates without valid and reliable references will be removed) or discuss changes on the talk page. The Right HonourableTheresa VilliersOfficial ...

 

Statue of Charles Marion Russell

Statue by John Weaver Charles Marion RussellSculpture in the National Statuary Hall CollectionArtistJohn WeaverSubjectCharles Marion RussellLocationHelena, Montana; Washington, D.C., United States Charles Marion Russell is a sculpture depicting the American artist of the same name by John Weaver. One version, a bronze, is installed in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall, in Washington, D.C., as part of the National Statuary Hall Collection. The statue was gifted by the U.S. sta...

 

Chiesa ortodossa

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Chiesa ortodossa (disambigua). Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando le chiese ortodosse che non hanno riconosciuto il concilio di Calcedonia., vedi Chiese ortodosse orientali. Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento cristianesimo non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti...

硕士

美国哥伦比亚大学理学硕士学位 碩士（英語：Master's degree）是由大學或學院所授予研究所畢業生的學位。擁有碩士學位者，通常象徵掌握並專精於某一研究領域或職場專業。在主攻的研究領域中，合格的研究生必須要能同時瞭解學術理論與實務，具備批判性思考與將知識融會貫通以解決問題，並且比學士更能解決複雜問題，擁有更加獨立和縝密的思考能力。 頭銜 碩士在英�...

 

Daniel Pe'er

Israeli television host and newsreader Daniel Pe'erBornDaniel Freudenreich(1943-01-02)2 January 1943Jerusalem, British Mandate of PalestineDied28 September 2017(2017-09-28) (aged 74)JerusalemOccupation(s)Television host, newsreaderYears active1962–2010 Daniel Pe'er (born Daniel Freudenreich, Hebrew: דניאל פאר; 2 January 1943 – 28 September 2017) was an Israeli television host and newsreader. Early life Daniel Freudenreich was born in Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palest...

 

DARPA Grand Challenge

Prize competition for American autonomous vehicles The DARPA Grand Challenge is a prize competition for American autonomous vehicles, funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the most prominent research organization of the United States Department of Defense. Congress has authorized DARPA to award cash prizes to further DARPA's mission to sponsor revolutionary, high-payoff research that bridges the gap between fundamental discoveries and military use.[1] The initial DA...

Polish Army Museum

Museum of the Polish ArmyFormer main building of the museumEstablished22 April 1920LocationWarsaw, PolandWebsitewww.muzeumwp.pl Museum of the Polish Army (Polish: Muzeum Wojska Polskiego) is a museum in Warsaw documenting the military history of Poland. Established in 1920 under the Second Polish Republic, it formerly occupied a wing of the building of the Polish National Museum and now occupies a building of its own at the Warsaw Citadel, as well as several branches in Poland. It is Warsaw's...

 

Molecular encapsulation

Confinement of a molecule within a larger molecule Molecular encapsulation of a nitrobenzene bound within a hemicarcerand reported by Cram and coworkers in Chem. Commun., 1997, 1303-1304. Container molecule. Green: Ga cluster, L = ligand, In supramolecular chemistry, molecular encapsulation is the confinement of a guest molecule inside the cavity of a supramolecular host molecule (molecular capsule, molecular container or cage compounds). Examples of supramolecular host molecule include carce...