President's Intelligence Advisory Board
American government office
The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB ) is an advisory body to the Executive Office of the President of the United States . According to its self-description, it "provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities."[ 1]
The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.
History
In January 1956 President Dwight D. Eisenhower created the agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA).[ 2] James Killian , included the following members:[ 3]
In May 1961, President John F. Kennedy renamed it to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB).[ 4]
The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio so in 1977 President Jimmy Carter abolished the PFIAB, but President Ronald Reagan re-established it later.[ 5]
On February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush renamed the agency to President's Intelligence Advisory Board, its present form.[ 6]
Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China from the Los Alamos National Laboratory during the 1990s.[ 7]
Intelligence Oversight Board
President Gerald Ford created the IOB following a 1975–76 investigation by the US Congress into domestic spying, assassination operations, and other abuses by intelligence agencies. His executive order doing so went into effect on March 1, 1976.[ 8] Executive Order #12863 of President Bill Clinton .
One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities.[ 9] FBI actions between 2002 and 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.[ 10]
In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.[ 8]
In August 2013 it was reported that the membership of the IOB had been reduced from 14 to 4 under President Barack Obama , possibly starting in early May at the beginning of the 2013 mass surveillance disclosures by Edward Snowden .[ 11]
Membership
During the administration of President George W. Bush , the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.[ 12]
PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page,[ 12] [ 13]
George W. Bush
In August 2002, Randy Deitering, the executive director of PFIAB, confirmed the membership list released by the White House press office in October 2001:[ 14]
Brent Scowcroft , the chairPete Wilson , former governor of California Cresencio S. Arcos Jr. , AT&T executive and former US ambassadorJim Barksdale , former head of the internet company Netscape Robert Addison Day , chairman of the TWC Group, a money management firmStephen Friedman , past chairman of Goldman Sachs Alfred Lerner , chief executive of MBNA Ray Lee Hunt , scion of the Texas oil fortuneRita Hauser , lawyerDavid E. Jeremiah , retired admiralArnold Kanter , national security official in the George H. W. Bush administration and a founding member of the Scowcroft GroupJames C. Langdon Jr. , a power-lawyer in TexasElisabeth Pate-Cornell , chair of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University John Harrison Streicker , real estate magnatePhilip Zelikow , National Security Council staffer during the George H.W. Bush administration and later a counselor to Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice In 2003, there were indications of spying on members of the board by a foreign intelligence asset.[citation needed
Barack Obama
The entire PIAB membership that served under the administration of George W. Bush resigned as part of an agreed-upon move in the presidential transition of Barack Obama.[ 15]
President Obama appointed Chuck Hagel , former United States Senator from Nebraska , and current University of Oklahoma President David Boren as PIAB co-chairs.[ 16]
The following other members were appointed to the board under President Obama:[ 17]
In May 2013, the White House dismissed 10 members of the board.[ 22] [ 1]
Richard Danzig
Daniel Meltzer
Jami Miscik
Mona Sutphen In August 2014, President Obama nominated six new members:[ 23]
Donald Trump
President Donald Trump named the following persons to the PIAB:[ 24]
In February 2019, President Trump named three additional members:[ 13]
In May 2019, President Trump named Ray Washburne as an additional member.[ 25] [ 26]
Joe Biden
In May 2022, President Joe Biden named the below persons to the PIAB.[ 27]
In June 2022, he named Evan Bayh to the PIAB.[ 28]
In October 2022, he named Anne Finucane to the PIAB.[ 29]
In November 2022, he named Mark Angelson to the PIAB.[ 30]
In January 2023, he named Margaret Hamburg , Kim Cobb , and Kneeland Youngblood to the PIAB.[ 31]
In March 2023, he named Hamilton E. James and Julia Santucci to the PIAB.[ 32]
PIAB chairs
PIAB chairpersons have been:[ 33]
Officeholder
Term start
Term end
President
James Killian
January 13, 1956
March 1, 1958
Dwight Eisenhower
John Hull
March 1, 1958
January 20, 1961
Vacant
January 20, 1961
May 4, 1961
John F. Kennedy
James Killian
May 4, 1961
April 23, 1963
John F. Kennedy
Lyndon Johnson
Clark Clifford
April 23, 1963
February 29, 1968
Max Taylor
February 29, 1968
May 1, 1970
Richard Nixon
George Anderson
May 1, 1970
March 11, 1976
Gerald Ford
Leo Cherne
March 11, 1976
May 4, 1977
Jimmy Carter
Board abolished
May 4, 1977
October 20, 1981
Anne Armstrong
October 20, 1981
July 17, 1990
Ronald Reagan
George H. W. Bush
John Tower
July 17, 1990
April 5, 1991
Bobby Inman Acting
April 5, 1991
January 20, 1993
William Crowe
January 20, 1993
May 26, 1994
Bill Clinton
Les Aspin
May 26, 1994
May 21, 1995
Warren Rudman Acting
May 21, 1995
January 16, 1996
Tom Foley
January 16, 1996
November 19, 1997
Warren Rudman Acting: 1997–1998
November 19, 1997
October 5, 2001
George W. Bush
Brent Scowcroft
October 5, 2001
February 25, 2005
Jim Langdon
February 25, 2005
December 20, 2005
Steve Friedman
December 20, 2005
October 28, 2009
Barack Obama
David Boren Chuck Hagel
October 28, 2009
February 27, 2013
Vacant
February 27, 2013
August 29, 2014
Shirley Ann Jackson Jami Miscik
August 29, 2014
January 20, 2017
Steve Feinberg
May 12, 2018
January 20, 2021
Donald Trump
Sandy Winnefeld
May 4, 2022
present
Joe Biden
IOB chairs
These are chairs of the Advisory Board's committee of Intelligence Oversight Board
Officeholder
Term start
Term end
President
Robert Murphy
March 11, 1976
May 5, 1977
Gerald Ford
Jimmy Carter
Thomas Farmer
May 5, 1977
October 20, 1981
Ronald Reagan
Glenn Campbell
October 20, 1981
February 26, 1990
George H. W. Bush
Jim Thompson
February 26, 1990
January 20, 1993
William Crowe
January 20, 1993
May 26, 1994
Bill Clinton
Anthony Harrington
May 26, 1994
February 8, 2000
Warren Rudman Acting
February 8, 2000
October 5, 2001
George W. Bush
Brent Scowcroft
October 5, 2001
February 25, 2005
Jim Langdon
February 25, 2005
December 20, 2005
Steve Friedman
December 20, 2005
October 28, 2009
Barack Obama
Chuck Hagel
October 28, 2009
February 27, 2013
Dan Meltzer
February 27, 2013
May 24, 2015
Neal Wolin
May 24, 2015
January 20, 2017
Steve Feinberg [ 34] August 16, 2018
January 20, 2021
Donald Trump
Board executive directors
1956–1959: John Cassidy
1959–1961, 1961–1970: Patrick Coyne
1970–1973: Gerard Burke
1973–1977: Wheaton Byers
1977: Lionel Olmer
1977–1981: Board abolished
1981–1983: Norman Wood
1983–1984: Fred Demech
1984–1988: Gary Schmitt
1988–1989: Fred Demech
1989–1991: Nina Stewart
1991–1992: Vacant
1992–1995: Eugene Yeates
1995–2003: Randy Deitering (Acting: 1995–1998)
2003–2005: Joan Dempsey
2005–2017: Stefanie Osburn
Board members
David Abshire : 1981–1983Stephen Ailes : 1976–1977 (IOB)Lew Allen : 1990–1999 (IOB)Brooke Anderson : 2015–presentGeorge Anderson : 1969–1970; 1976–1977Martin Anderson : 1982–1985Cresencio Arcos : 1999–2003Leslie Arends : 1976–1977Anne Legendre Armstrong: 1981–1990, Chairman
Zoë Baird : 1993–2001Howard Baker : 1985–1987; 1988–1990William Baker : 1959–1961; 1961–1977; 1981–1990Jim Barksdale : 2001–2009Robert Barrow : 1984–1985Richard Bloch : 1996–1998Alfred Bloomingdale : 1981–1982David Boren : 2009–2013 (IOB)Frank Borman : 1981–1982Denis Bovin : 2006–2010Omar Bradley : 1956William Brody : 2002–2005David Bruce : 1956–1957Shelby Bryan : 1999–2001Zbigniew Brzezinski : 1988–1990Glenn Campbell : 1981–1990 (IOB)Roel Campos : 2009–2013Ann Caracristi : 1993–2001 (IOB)Bill Casey : 1976–1977Leo Cherne : 1973–1976 (IOB, 1976–1977); Vice Chair, 1981–1990Clark Clifford : 1961–1963John Connally : 1970–1971; 1972–1975; 1976–1977; 1981–1983Richard Conolly : 1956–1961Jim Crown : 2014–presentArthur Culvahouse : 2005–2010Richard Danzig : 2010–present (IOB, 2010–2015)Colgate Darden : 1957–1961Scott Davis : 2014–2015Robert Day : 2001–2005John Deutch : 1990–1993William DeWitt : 2005–2010Jimmy Doolittle : 1956–1961; 1961–1964Jamie Dos Santos : 2014–presentSidney Drell : 1993–2001Thomas Eagleton : 1993–2000James Ellis : 2005–2009Donald Evans : 2005–2009Martin Faga : 2005–2009Benjamin Fairless : 1956–1959Marty Feldstein : 2006–2009Michèle Flournoy : 2014–presentJohn Foster : 1973–1977; 1981–1990Steve Friedman : 1999–2005; 2009–2010Bob Galvin : 1973–1977Julius Genachowski : 2014–present (IOB)Al Gore : 1977–1981 (IOB)Gordon Gray : 1961–1977Alan Greenspan : 1982–1985James Hamilton : 1995–1997Lee Hamilton : 2005–2013Anthony Harrington : 1993–2000 (IOB); Vice Chair, 1997–2000Rita Hauser : 2001–2004 (IOB, 2003–2004); 2009–2013Robert Hermann : 1993–2001John Hull : 1956–1958Ray Hunt : 2001–2009William Hyland : 1990–1993Bobby Inman : Vice Chair, 1990–1991Leon Jaworski : 1981–1982Shirley Jackson : 2014–present (IOB)David Jeremiah : 2001–2010 (IOB, 2003–2009)Amos Jordan : 1990–1993 (IOB, not PIAB)Paul Kaminski : 2009–2013Arnold Kanter : 2001–2005 (IOB, 2003–2005)Joe Kennedy : 1956James Killian : 1958–1960Jeane Kirkpatrick : 1985–1990Henry Kissinger : 1984–1990Ellen Laipson : 2009–2013Edwin Land : 1961–1977Jim Langdon : 2001–2005 (IOB, 2003–2005)William Langer : 1961–1969Tony Lapham : 1991–1993 (IOB; not PIAB)Lyman Lemnitzer : 1976–1977Al Lerner : 2001–2002Franklin Lincoln : 1969–1972Robert Lovett : 1956–1961Clare Luce : 1973–1977; 1981–1987Gordon Luce : 1988–1989Lester Lyles : 2009–2013 (IOB)Michael McConnell : 1988–1990 (IOB; not PIAB)Dan Meltzer : 2010–2015 (IOB)Charles Meyers : 1982–1988 (IOB; not PIAB)Jami Miscik : 2009–2015 (IOB)Thomas Moorer : 1981–1985Michael Morell : 2013–2014John Morrison : 2005–2010Franklin Murphy : 1969–1972Robert Murphy : 1961–1973; 1976–1977 (IOB)Kevin Nealer : 2014–presentPeter O'Donnell : 1981–1985Frank Pace : 1961–1972Elisabeth Paté-Cornell : 2001–2010Ross Perot : 1981–1985William Perry : 1990–1993Hal Pote : 1993–1996 (IOB)Lois Rice : 1993–2001Chuck Robb : 2005–2009Nelson Rockefeller : 1969–1974Joe Rodgers : 1981–1985Eugene Rostow : 1982–1985Warren Rudman : Vice Chair, 1993–1994; Vice Chair, 1995–1998Edward Ryerson : 1956–1961Jack Schmitt : 1983–1985Bernie Schriever : 1985–1990Paul Seabury : 1981–1985Bill Scranton : 1977–1981 (IOB)George Shultz : 1974–1976Stanley Shuman : 1995–2001John Sides : 1965–1969Robert Six : 1981–1985William Smith : 1985–1990Maurice Sonnenberg : 1992–2000Frank Stella : 1981–1982 (IOB; not PIAB)Bobby Stein : 2015–presentJohn Streicker : 2001–2005Mona Sutphen : 2011–present (IOB)Max Taylor : 1961; 1965–1968Edward Teller : 1971–1977John Tower : 1987–1990Fran Townsend : 2008–2009Charles Tyroler : 1981–1990 (IOB; not PIAB)Caspar Weinberger : 1988–1990Seymour Weiss : 1981–1985Tom Wheeler : 2011–2013Bud Wheelon : 1983–1988Ed Williams : 1976–1977; 1981–1985James Wilson : 1985–1990Pete Wilson : 2001–2005Albert Wohlstetter : 1985–1990Neal Wolin : 2014–present (IOB)Philip Zelikow : 2001–2003; 2011–2013Bud Zumwalt : 1996–2000
See also
References
^ a b PIAB Official Website. Archived 2017-01-20 at the Wayback Machine ^ "Dwight D. Eisenhower: Executive Order 10656—Establishing the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities" . www.presidency.ucsb.edu .^ Edwards, Philip K. (Summer 1969). "The President's Board: 1956–1960, Overseeing the intelligence community" . Studies in Intelligence Central Intelligence Agency . p. 114. Archived from the original on January 23, 2017. ^ Executive Orders (1961) ^ The Issue Wonk. National Policy Facts and Analysis . Issuewonk.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.^ Executive Orders (2008) ^ Bill Getrz, "Covert board called crucial to presidents", The Washington Times
^ a b Charlie Savage, "President weakens espionage oversight: Board created by Ford loses most of its power" , Boston Globe
^ Electronic Frontier Foundation Archived 2011-10-07 at the Wayback Machine ^ Dan Eggen, "FBI Papers Indicate Intelligence Violations: Secret Surveillance Lacked Oversight" , Washington Post , 23 October 2005
^ Gerstein, Josh (August 15, 2013). "Obama upends intel panel" . Politico ^ a b David Corn, "Who's On PFIAB?--A New Bush Secret" , The Nation (blog), August 14, 2002, retrieved December 31, 2012
^ a b "President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Appoint Individuals to Key Administration Posts" . whitehouse.gov . Retrieved February 12, 2019 – via National Archives .^ David Corn, "Who's On PFIAB-A Bush Secret...Or Not? UPDATED" The Nation (blog), August 14, 2002, retrieved March 15, 2008
^ Texas oilman Ray Hunt is no longer serving as a presidential adviser on intelligence issues ^ "Remarks by the President Before Meeting with the President's Intelligence Advisory Board Co-Chairmen and Senior Leadership of the Intelligence Community" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. October 28, 2009. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2009 .^ "President Obama Announces Members of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. December 23, 2009. Archived from the original on February 16, 2017.^ a b "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. December 1, 2010. Retrieved December 31, 2012 .^ White House Press Secretary, President Obama Announces Members of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board , December 23, 2009
^ a b "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. September 6, 2011. Retrieved December 31, 2012 .^ "President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts" (Press release). Office of the Press Secretary. April 27, 2011.^ "Obama upends intel panel" . Politico ^ Aliya Sternstein (August 29, 2014). "Obama Resurrects Intel Advisory Panel" . Retrieved February 12, 2019 . ^ Steven Nelson (November 21, 2018). "Trump names hand-picked panel to supervise, investigate intelligence community" . Retrieved February 12, 2019 . ^ Ferran, Lee (August 28, 2019). "Trump's secretive intelligence advisory board takes shape with security pros and GOP donors" . ABC News . Retrieved April 14, 2020 . ^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate and Appoint Personnel to Key Administration Posts" . whitehouse.gov . Retrieved April 14, 2020 – via National Archives .^ "President Biden Announces Appointments to the President's Intelligence Advisory Board and the National Science Board" . The White House . May 4, 2022. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved June 11, 2022 .^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments" . June 15, 2022.^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions" . The White House . Retrieved October 20, 2022 .^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions" . The White House . November 22, 2022. Retrieved January 26, 2023 .^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions" . The White House . January 26, 2023. Retrieved January 26, 2023 .^ "President Biden Announces Key Appointments to Boards and Commissions" . The White House . March 3, 2023. Retrieved February 13, 2024 .^ PFIAB Chairpersons , The White House website, retrieved March 14, 2008^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate, Designate, and Appoint Personnel to Key Administration Posts" . whitehouse.gov . Retrieved February 12, 2019 – via National Archives .
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