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2011 Pishan hostage crisis
2011 Pishan hostage crisis
Simplified Chinese	新疆皮山县挟持人质事件
Traditional Chinese	新疆皮山縣挾持人質事件
Literal meaning	Xinjiang Pishan County hostage-taking incident
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Xīnjiāng Píshān Xiàn xiéchí rénzhì shìjiàn

Pishan hostage crisis
Pishan hostage crisis
	Pishan is located in the southwest corner of Hotan Prefecture (pictured), Xinjiang.
Location	Koxtag (Kuoshi Tage), Pishan/Guma County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
Date	December 28, 2011
Target	Goat shepherds, police
Attack type	Hostage crisis
Deaths	7 hostage-takers, 1 policeman
Injured	4 hostage-takers, 1 policeman
Perpetrators	Xinjiang separatists

The Pishan hostage crisis occurred on the night of December 28, 2011, in Koxtag (Kuoshi Tage),^[1] Pishan/Guma County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. A group of 15 ethnic Uyghur youths kidnapped two goat shepherds for directions near the Indian and Pakistan borders.^[2] They were soon confronted by a group of five Pishan policemen, who tried to negotiate for the shepherds' release. This led to a shootout in which a police officer and 7 hostage-takers were killed. Another police officer was injured, and 4 suspects were taken into custody.^[2] Both of the hostages were rescued by police.^[3]

Background

Pishan County is one of the poorest counties in the Xinjiang region,^[1] on the southern edge of the Taklamakan Desert bordering Pakistan's Azad Kashmir.^[4] An oasis county, its people are predominantly cotton-growers.^[5] Han Chinese account for less than 2% of the population of Pishan.^[6] Residents of Pishan told Xinhua that a new spirit of extremism was damaging organized Uyghur life.^[7] Earlier in the month, religious extremists kidnapped and murdered a Uyghur man for drinking alcohol, which is prohibited in Islam.^[8] Store-owners in Pishan who sell alcoholic drinks and cigarettes said that they feared retaliation by extremists.^[7]

The ethnic Uyghur-dominated southern part of Xinjiang has witnessed increasing separatist violence by ethnic Uyghur militants who want to establish an independent state.^[1] On April 18 and 21, there were two fatal incidents of Uyghurs stabbing Han Chinese in the city of Kashgar.^[4] In July, a group of militants seized a police station, took hostages, and battled police in a standoff that would ultimately end in 18 deaths.^[1] In that same month, a group of militants trained in Pakistan killed 14 people in attacks in Kashgar.^[4]

Events

According to Global Times, the group of terror suspects had been trying to cross into Central Asia to receive jihadist training when they lost their way near Pishan.^[9]^[6] Around 11 pm (1500 GMT) on December 28, they kidnapped two Uyghur goat shepherds in the town of Kuoshi Tage (Qoshtagh)^[1] and forced the shepherds to act as their guides.^[10] The kidnapping was witnessed by several workers at the Kuoshi Tage agricultural cooperative.^[1] At the border village of Mokoyla [zh], the shepherds alerted local police to the group's intentions.^[6] Five police officers, led by Pishan deputy police chief Adil Abduveli, tried to persuade the party to abandon their plans, while negotiating for the shepherds' release.^[11] The party instead argued with the police, and when Abduveli touched one of the men's wives,^[12]^[2] the kidnappers shot at them,^[2] killing Abdulveli and injuring another police officer.^[4]^[13] According to local residents, the remaining police officers returned fire, killing seven kidnappers and detaining four, who are charged with resisting arrest.^[13] The two hostages were freed,^[14] unharmed.^[1] The government did not announce the ethnicity of the kidnappers, except to say that they were ethnic minorities;^[6] Pishan residents interviewed by Radio Free Asia (RFA) confirmed that they were Uyghurs.^[11] The village chief of one of the Mokoyla [zh] hamlets unofficially claimed to identify two of the seven shot as Ablikim Abduqadir and Hebibulla Abduqadir. Hebibulla Abduqadir had taken a class taken three months prior in Artux which was considered an illegal religious activity.^[12]

Reactions

World Uyghur Congress spokesperson Dilxadi Rexiti (迪里夏提, also known as Dilxat Raxit) said on December 29 that the hostage-takers were "angry" that police had searched private homes for Islamic extremist material, explaining the police attack as a matter of "the local Uighur people [not being able to] take the pressure anymore."^[5] Rexiti also questioned the death toll, claiming that his "sources" reported deaths of nine or ten among the kidnappers, not seven.^[4] On the other hand, Xinjiang government spokeswoman Hou Hanmin said that the kidnappers were "violent terrorists".^[6] No more details on the kidnappers have been released as the police are investigating the incident.^[15] On December 31, CPC party chief of Xinjiang Zhang Chunxian pledged to "safeguard regional stability" and to enlist the Xinjiang public in the fight against "foreign religious infiltration" and "organized terrorist attacks".^[1]