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Saint

Felipe de Jesús
OFM
Saint; Felipe de Jesús; OFM
	A statue of Philip of Jesus at the Museo de Virreinato, Tepotzotlán
Martyr
Born	1572; Mexico City, Viceroyalty of New Spain (now Mexico)
Died	February 5, 1597 (aged 24–25); Nagasaki, Japan
Cause of death	Asphyxia
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church
Beatified	September 14, 1627 by Pope Urban VIII
Canonized	June 8, 1862 by Pope Pius IX
Feast	February 5
Attributes	spear, palm branch, cross
Patronage	Mexico City; Nagasaki; Santa Cruz del Quiché; Ozatlán; El Viso del Alcor

Philip of Jesus, OFM (Spanish: Felipe de Jesús) was a Novohispanic Franciscan Catholic missionary who became one of the Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan, the first Mexican saint and patron saint of Mexico City.^[1]

Life

Felipe de las Casas Ruiz was born in Mexico City in 1572. His parents had recently emigrated from Spain. Though unusually frivolous as a boy, he joined the Reformed Franciscans of the Province of St. Didacus, founded in Mexico by Peter Baptista, with whom he suffered martyrdom later. After some months in the Order, Philip grew tired of religious life, and left the Franciscans. He took up a mercantile career, and went to the Philippines, another Spanish colony, where he led a life of pleasure.^[2] Later he desired to re-enter the Franciscans and was again admitted at Manila in 1590.^[3]

After some years it was determined that he was ready for ordination and sent to Mexico for this, since the episcopal see of Manila was vacant at that time, and thus no bishop was available locally to ordain him. He sailed on the San Felipe on 12 July 1596, but a storm drove the vessel upon the coast of Japan.^[4]

The governor of the province confiscated the ship and imprisoned its crew and passengers, among whom were Franciscan friar, Juan de Zamorra, as well as three other friars, two Augustinians and a Dominican. The discovery of soldiers, cannon and ammunition on the ship led to the suspicion that it was intended for the conquest of Japan, and that the missionaries were merely to prepare the way for the soldiers. This was also said, falsely and unwarrantably, by one of the crew, and it enraged the Japanese Taikō, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, generally called Taicosama by Europeans. In consequence, he commanded on December 8, 1596, the arrest of the Franciscans in the friary at Miako, now Kyoto, whither Philip had gone.^[3]

The friars were all kept prisoners in the friary until December 30, when they were transferred to the city prison. There were six Franciscan friars, seventeen Japanese Franciscan tertiaries and the Japanese Jesuit Paul Miki, with his two native servants. The ears of the prisoners were cropped on January 3, 1597, and they were paraded through the streets of Kyoto; on January 21 they were taken to Osaka, and thence to Nagasaki, which they reached on February 5, 1597. They were taken to a mountain near Nagasaki city, "Mount of the Martyrs", bound upon crosses, after which they were pierced with spears.^[3]

The bones of Philip were brought to Mexico City in 1598.

Beatification and canonization

Philip was beatified in 1627 by Urban VIII, and, with his companions, canonized 8 June, 1862, by Pius IX. He is the patron saint of Mexico City, the capital of Mexico as well as its largest city.

In popular culture

In 1949 a Mexican film Philip of Jesus portrayed his life and death. It was directed by Julio Bracho with the actor Ernesto Alonso playing Philip.

References

^ Ronald J. Morgan, Spanish American Saints and the Rhetoric of Identity, 1600–1810. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 2002, pp. 143-169
^ "Figure of St Philip de Jesus", National Heritage Board, Singapore
^ ^a ^b ^c Bihl, Michael. "St. Philip of Jesus." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 28 July 2018
^ Boxer, C. R. (1951). The Christian Century in Japan: 1549–1650. University of California Press. p. 164.

Sources

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Philip of Jesus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.