Phi Epsilon Pi (ΦΕΠ) fraternity, active between 1904 and 1970 and now dormant, with a predominantly Jewish membership, was founded in New York City and eventually opened at least 48 chapters on college campuses across the United States and one in Canada. After several mergers, it consolidated into Zeta Beta Tau in November 1970.[1]
History
Founding
Phi Epsilon Pi (PEP) fraternity was established on November 23, 1904 at the City College of New York (CCNY). Phi Epsilon Pi was incorporated in New York State on February 9, 1914, and became a member of the National Interfraternity Conference in 1921. The fraternity was founded on non-sectarian principles, but throughout the organization’s history, the membership was largely Jewish.[2] Its Founders were:
By 1913, the fraternity started to expand outside of New York State. Much of this next wave of expansion came through the absorption of local fraternities; many of these were older than the national fraternity itself. For example, Mu chapter at the University of Georgia (1915) came from the E.D.S Society, founded in 1895, which had been the oldest Jewish local fraternity in continuous existence.[3]
In 1930 Phi Epsilon Pi absorbed the Syracuse University chapter of Omicron Alpha Tau, a smaller Jewish fraternity that would disperse by 1934. This chapter, formed in 1920 either merged with the existing and older Phi Epsilon Pi chapter on the campus or re-established it. Four of ΟΑΤ's other chapters merged into Tau Delta Phi.
By 1933, Phi Epsilon Pi’s total membership stood at 3,600. During World War II, approximately 2,000 fraternity members served in the military, and most chapters closed. After the war, many chapters were reactivated, and new chapters opened as well, including one at McGill University in Canada, making ΦΕΠ an international fraternity. In 1954, the membership of the fraternity reached 11,132.[4]
Phi Epsilon Pi was the first fraternity to appropriate funds for activities outside of its own organization, with the creation of an endowment of $10,000 in 1925 to fund scholarships at the National Agricultural College in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. The interest from this fund paid the annual expenses for young men interested in agriculture.
The Phi Epsilon Pi Foundation was created in 1945.[3]
Mergers
In 1932 three of the five existing chapters of Sigma Lambda Pi merged into Phi Epsilon Pi. These became the Alpha Nu chapter at Muhlenberg, the Alpha Omicron chapter at Ohio State, and the Alpha Xi chapter at Boston University. Meanwhile, ΣΛΠ's Columbia chapter dissolved and its Rider College chapter continued as a local.
Kappa Nu merged into Phi Epsilon Pi on October 14, 1961. In this second national merger, Kappa Nu brought seventeen chapters into the combined fraternity, while Phi Epsilon Pi added 38 chapters. The fraternity kept the Phi Epsilon Pi name through both of these mergers.[3][5][6]
In March 1970, in a third national merger, Phi Epsilon Pi was absorbed by the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity.
Symbols
The Fraternity's colors were purple and gold.
Its badge was a concave rectangle with couped ends, domed and with the three Greek letters Φ, Ε and Π shown bendwise (angled to the lower right) in gold against a black background. The base was jeweled with sixteen pearls, four on each side around the perimeter.
The pledge pin was an elongated concave rectangle with its corners also couped, with a gold beveled border. Its center was filled with purple enamel, with the symbols of a ducal coronet, a scimitar piercing it in a bendwise direction, and curved toward an open eye in the base.
The coat of arms is described as follows:
Arms: Argent, on a fess purpure (purple) a rising sun resplendent or (gold). In the middle chief, a Phoenician galley under sail and power on a conventionalized ocean all proper, guided by a mullet on the second in dexter, and in bas,e a scimitar piercing the field palewise emerging in the center of a single loop of rope knotted with ends couped at top, all proper. Crest: a sword fesswise surmounted by a ducal coronet all proper under three mullets or. Below, is a motto in Greek.[3]
^“History and Purpose of Phi Epsilon Pi,” 1925-1941; Phi Epsilon Pi Fraternity Records; I-76; Box 1, Folder 5; American Jewish Historical Society, Boston, MA and New York, NY.
^ abcdAnson, Jack L.; Marchenasi, Robert F., eds. (1991) [1879]. Baird's Manual of American Fraternities (20th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Baird's Manual Foundation, Inc. p. VIII-14–15. ISBN978-0963715906.
^“Pledge Manuals,” 1934-1955; Phi Epsilon Pi Fraternity Records; I-76; Box 47, Folder 5-6; American Jewish Historical Society, Boston, MA and New York, NY.
Sanua, Marianne R. (Winter 2000). "Jewish College Fraternities in the United States 1895-1968: An Overview". Journal of American Ethnic History. 19 (2): 3–42. doi:10.2307/27502544. JSTOR27502544. S2CID254479554.
