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Paul Meier
Paul Meier
Born	July 24, 1924; Newark, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	August 7, 2011 (aged 87); New York City, New York, U.S.
Alma mater	Oberlin College; Princeton
Known for	Statistics, experimental design, biostatistics
	Scientific career
Fields	Statistician
Institutions	Princeton; Johns Hopkins; Univ. Chicago; Lehigh University; Columbia
Doctoral advisor	John Tukey

Paul Meier (July 24, 1924 – August 7, 2011)^[1] was a statistician who promoted the use of randomized trials in medicine.^[2]^[3]

Meier is known for introducing, with Edward L. Kaplan, the Kaplan–Meier estimator,^[4]^[5] a method for measuring how many patients survive a medical treatment from one duration to another, taking into account that the sampled population changes over time.^[6]

Meier's 1957 evaluation of polio vaccine practices published in Science has been described as influential, and the Kaplan–Meier method is thought to have indirectly extended tens of thousands of lives.^[2]

Bibliography

Meier, Paul (1952), Weighted means and lattice designs (Ph.D. Thesis), Princeton University
Meier, Paul (1953), "Variance of a Weighted Mean", Biometrics, 9 (1): 59–73, doi:10.2307/3001633, JSTOR 3001633
Meier, Paul (1954), "Analysis of Simple Lattice Designs with Unequal Sets of Replications", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 49 (268): 786–813, doi:10.2307/2281540, JSTOR 2281540
Meier P (1957), "Safety testing of a poliomyelitis vaccine", Science, 125 (3257): 1067–71, Bibcode:1957Sci...125.1067M, doi:10.1126/science.125.3257.1067, PMC 1824172, PMID 20325578
Lasagna L, Meier P (1958), "Clinical evaluation of new drugs", Annual Review of Medicine, 9: 347–54, doi:10.1146/annurev.me.09.020158.002023, PMID 13534287
Kaplan, E. L.; Meier, Paul (1958), "Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53 (282): 457–481, doi:10.2307/2281868, JSTOR 2281868
Meier, Paul (1971), "Report of the Evaluation Committee on the University of Chicago Department of Statistics", The American Statistician, 25 (3): 17–24, doi:10.2307/2683317, JSTOR 2683317
Meier, Paul (1975), "Statistics and medical experimentation", Biometrics, 31 (2): 511–529, doi:10.2307/2529434, JSTOR 2529434, PMID 1100134
Meier, Paul (1976), "Estimation of a distribution function from incomplete observations", Perspectives in Probability and Statistics, In Honor of M. S. Bartlett, Academic Press, pp. 67–88
Meier, Paul (1977), "The biggest health experiment ever: The 1954 field trial of the Salk Poliomyelitis vaccine", Statistics: A Guide to the Study of the Biological and Health Sciences, Holden-Day Inc, pp. 88–100
Meier, Paul (1979), "Terminating a trial: The ethical problem", Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 25 (5part2): 633–640, doi:10.1002/cpt1979255part2633, PMID 373945, S2CID 45733370
Meier, Paul; Zabell, Sandy (1980), "Benjamin Pierce and the Howland will", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75 (371): 497–506, doi:10.2307/2287637, JSTOR 2287637
Meier, Paul (1981), "Jerome Cornfield and the methodology of clinical trials", Controlled Clinical Trials, 1 (4): 339–345, doi:10.1016/0197-2456(81)90038-6, PMID 7021066
Meier, Paul (1981), "Stratification in the design of a clinical trial", Controlled Clinical Trials, 1 (4): 355–361, doi:10.1016/0197-2456(81)90040-4, PMID 7261626
Meier, Paul (1982), "Current research in statistical methodology for clinical trials", Biometrics -- Proceedings of Current Topics in Biostatistics and Epidemiology: A Memorial Symposium in Honor of Jerome Cornfield, vol. 38 Suppl, The Biometric Society, pp. 141–150, PMID 7046819
Meier, Paul (1983), Shapiro, Stanley H.; Louis, Thomas A. (eds.), "Statistical analysis of clinical trials", Clinical Trials. Issues and Approaches, Marcel Dekker, pp. 155–189
Meier, Paul (1984), "Commentary on evaluation of therapies", Statistics in Medicine, 3 (4): 473–475, doi:10.1002/sim.4780030431
Meier, Paul (1984), Rao, Poduri S. R. S.; Sedransk, Joseph (eds.), "William G. Cochran and public health", W. G. Cochran's Impact on Statistics, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 73–81
Gilliland, Dennis C.; Meier, Paul (1986), DeGroot, Morris H.; Fienberg, Stephen E.; Kadane, Joseph B. (eds.), "The probability of reversal in contested elections", Statistics and the Law, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 391–411
Meier, Paul (1986), "Damned liars and expert witnesses", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81 (394): 269–276, doi:10.2307/2289214, JSTOR 2289214
Meier, Paul; Sacks, Jerome; Zabell, Sandy L. (1986), DeGroot, Morris H.; Fienberg, Stephen E.; Kadane, Joseph B. (eds.), "What happened in Hazelwood: Statistics, employment discrimination, and the 80 percent rule", Statistics and the Law, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 1–40
Beach, Michael L.; Meier, Paul (1989), "Choosing covariates in the analysis of clinical trials", Controlled Clinical Trials, 10 (4): 161–175, doi:10.1016/0197-2456(89)90055-X, PMID 2605965
Meier, Paul (1990), "Polio trial: An early efficient clinical trial", Statistics in Medicine, 9 (1–2): 13–16, doi:10.1002/sim.4780090107, PMID 2189187
Meier, Paul (1990), "The experimental evaluation of relative risk", Chance, 3 (4): 28–32, doi:10.1080/09332480.1990.11882393
Meier, Paul; Dinardo, Lawrence C. (1990), "Simpson's paradox in employment litigation", ASA Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section, American Statistical Association, pp. 66–69
Meier, Paul (1993), "Illusion and reality in the analysis of clinical trials", Statistics in Medicine, 12 (15–16): 1519, doi:10.1002/sim.4780121518
Meier, Paul; Karrison, Theodore; Chappell, Rick; Xie, Hui (2004), "The Price of Kaplan-Meier", Journal of the American Statistical Association, 99 (467): 890–896, doi:10.1198/016214504000001259, S2CID 53401202