Parasitiformes

Parasitiformes
Temporal range: Cretaceous–present
A tick of the species Ixodes ricinus
An Ixodes hexagonus tick
Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Superorder: Parasitiformes
Leach, 1815
Orders and main families[1]

Parasitiformes are a superorder of Arachnids, constituting one of the two major groups of mites, alongside Acariformes.[1][2][3][4][5] Parasitiformes has, at times, been classified at the rank of order or suborder.[6][7][8][9][10][11]

It is uncertain whether Parasitiformes and Acariformes are closely related, and in many analyses they are recovered more closely related to other arachnids.[3][12] Amongst the best known members of the group are the ticks, though the Mesostigmata is by far the most diverse group with over 8,000 described species, including economically important species such as the varroa mite.

Description

Taxonomy

Many species are parasitic (most famous of which are ticks), but not all. For example, about half of the 10,000 known species in the suborder Mesostigmata are predatory and cryptozoan, living in soil-litter, rotting wood, dung, carrion, nests or house dust. A few species have switched to grazing on fungi or ingesting spores or pollen. Phylogenetic relationships of the groups, after Klompen, 2010:[13]

The phytoseiid mites, which account for about 15% of all described Mesostigmata are used with great success for biological control.

There are over 12,000 described species of Parasitiformes, and the total estimate is between 100,000 and 200,000 species.

Evolutionary history

The oldest known fossils of Parasitiformes, representing three out of the four modern groups, Ixodida, Mesostigmata, and Opilioacarida, are known from Cretaceous aged amber, dating to around 100 million years ago.[14][15][16] They are suspected to have diversified substantially earlier. The genetic divergence between the groups is less than that of Acariform mites, suggesting a younger origin, likely dating to the late Paleozoic.[17]

References

  1. ^ a b Beaulieu, Frédéric (2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Superorder Parasitiformes: In: Zhang, Z-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness". Zootaxa. 3148. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.23. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326.
  2. ^ "Parasitiformes Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
  3. ^ a b Arribas, Paula; Andújar, Carmelo; Moraza, María Lourdes; Linard, Benjamin; et al. (2019). "Mitochondrial Metagenomics Reveals the Ancient Origin and Phylodiversity of Soil Mites and Provides a Phylogeny of the Acari". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 37 (3): 683–694. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz255. hdl:10261/209118. PMID 31670799.
  4. ^ Beron, Petar, ed. (2020). Acarorum Catalogus VI, Order Mesostigmata. Pensoft. doi:10.3897/ab.e54206. ISBN 978-619-248-006-6.
  5. ^ Castilho, Raphael de Campos; Moraes, Gilberto; Halliday, R. B. (2012). "Catalogue of the mite family Rhodacaridae Oudemans, with noyes on the classification of the Rhodacaroidea (Acari: Mesostigmata)". Zootaxa. 3471. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3471.1.1.
  6. ^ Barker, S.C.; Murrell, A. (2004). "Systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names". Parasitology. 129 (7): S15 – S36. doi:10.1017/S0031182004005207. PMID 15938503. S2CID 38865837.
  7. ^ Evolution of ticks. Klompen, J.S.; Black, W.C.; Keirans, J.E.; Oliver, J.H. Annual Review of Entomology, 1996, Vol.41, pp.141-61
  8. ^ John F Anderson, The natural history of ticks, Medical Clinics of North America, Volume 86, Issue 2, March 2002, Pages 205-218
  9. ^ Hans Klompen, Mariam Lekveishvili, William C. Black IV, Phylogeny of parasitiform mites (Acari) based on rRNA, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 43, Issue 3, June 2007, Pages 936-951
  10. ^ Lindquist, E.E.; Walter, D.E.; Krantz, G.W. (2009) A manual of Acarology, 3 Edit. Lubbock: Texas Tech, pp. 97-103
  11. ^ Schweizer, J. (1949). Die Landmilben des schweizerischen Nationalparks: Teil 1. Liestal: Lüdin.
  12. ^ Giribet, Gonzalo (March 2018). "Current views on chelicerate phylogeny—A tribute to Peter Weygoldt". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 273: 7–13. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2018.01.004. S2CID 90344977.
  13. ^ Klompen, H. (2010-06-30). "Holothyrids and ticks: new insights from larval morphology and DNA sequencing, with the description of a new species of Diplothyrus (Parasitiformes: Neothyridae)". Acarologia. 50 (2): 269–285. doi:10.1051/acarologia/20101970. ISSN 0044-586X. S2CID 55284869.
  14. ^ Joharchi, Omid; Vorontsov, Dmitry D.; Walter, David Evans (2021-09-30). "Oldest determined record of a mesostigmatic mite (Acari: Mesostigmata: Sejidae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber". Acarologia. 61 (3): 641–649. doi:10.24349/goj5-BZms. S2CID 239420481.
  15. ^ Jason A. Dunlop & Leopoldo Ferreira de Oliveira Bernardi (2014). "An opilioacarid mite in Cretaceous Burmese amber". Naturwissenschaften. 101 (9): 759–763. doi:10.1007/s00114-014-1212-0. PMID 25027588. S2CID 253637881.
  16. ^ Peñalver E, Arillo A, Delclòs X, Peris D, Grimaldi DA, Anderson SR, et al. (December 2017). "Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 1924. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8.1924P. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z. PMC 5727220. PMID 29233973.
  17. ^ Arribas, Paula; Andújar, Carmelo; Moraza, María Lourdes; Linard, Benjamin; Emerson, Brent C; Vogler, Alfried P (2020-03-01). Teeling, Emma (ed.). "Mitochondrial Metagenomics Reveals the Ancient Origin and Phylodiversity of Soil Mites and Provides a Phylogeny of the Acari". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 37 (3): 683–694. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz255. hdl:10261/209118. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 31670799.


Stub icon

This article about a mite or tick is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Filsafat budi

Pemetaan otak frenologis.[1] Frenologi adalah salah satu usaha untuk mengaitkan fungsi-fungsi budi dengan bagian-bagian otak, walaupun kini frenologi dianggap tidak akurat. Filsafat budi (gabungan dari filsafat + budi) adalah cabang filsafat analitik modern yang mempelajari sifat dasar budi,[a] peristiwa budi, fungsi budi, properti budi, kesadaran, dan hubungannya dengan tubuh fisik, terutama otak. Masalah budi-tubuh, yaitu hubungan antara budi dengan tubuh, biasanya dipandang...

 

Abrikos

Penampang buah abrikos Abrikos atau aprikot merupakan nama dari buah atau pohon dari beberapa tumbuhan yang tergabung dalam marga Prunus. Kebanyakan buah ini didapat dari jenis pohon P. armeniaca, tetapi jenis-jenis seperti P. brigantina, P. mandshurica, P. mume, P. zhengheensis and P. sibirica yang berkerabat dekat juga menghasilkan buah yang serupa yang kadang dinamai pula Abrikos.[1] Abrikos diduga berasal dari kawasan Media yang terletak di perbatasan Iran dan Azerbaijan,[2 ...

 

Asyik Rudianto

Asyik Rudianto Inspektur Pusat Penerbangan Angkatan DaratPetahanaMulai menjabat 26 Juni 2023 PendahuluAmping Bujasar TangdilintinPenggantiPetahana Informasi pribadiLahir24 Januari 1973 (umur 51)Surabaya, Jawa TimurAlma materAkademi Militer (1994)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan DaratMasa dinas1994—sekarangPangkat Brigadir Jenderal TNINRP1194002980473SatuanPenerbangan Angkatan Darat (CPN)Sunting kotak info • L • B Brigadir Jenderal TNI A...

The Deal (Seinfeld)

9th episode of the 2nd season of Seinfeld The DealSeinfeld episodeEpisode no.Season 2Episode 9Directed byTom CheronesWritten byLarry DavidProduction code213Original air dateMay 2, 1991 (1991-05-02)Guest appearances Siobhan Fallon as Tina Norman Brenner as Clerk Episode chronology ← PreviousThe Heart Attack Next →The Baby Shower Seinfeld season 2List of episodes The Deal is the ninth episode of the second season of NBC's Seinfeld,[1] and the show's 14t...

 

اتحاد جزر ماريانا الشمالية لكرة القدم

اتحاد جزر ماريانا الشمالية لكرة القدم الاسم المختصر NMIFA الرياضة كرة القدم  أسس عام 2005 (منذ 19 سنة) رمز الفيفا NMI  الموقع الرسمي www.nmifa.com تعديل مصدري - تعديل   اتحاد جزر ماريانا الشمالية لكرة القدم ((بالإنجليزية: Northern Mariana Islands Football Association)‏) هي الهيئة المسؤولة عن إدارة كرة ...

 

Paus Paulus I

PausPaulus IAwal masa kepausan29 Mei 757Akhir masa kepausan28 Juni 767PendahuluStefanus IIPenerusStefanus IIIInformasi pribadiNama lahirtidak diketahuiLahirtidak diketahuiWafat28 Juni 767RomaPaus lainnya yang bernama Paulus Paus Paulus I adalah Paus Gereja Katolik Roma sejak 29 Mei 757 hingga 28 Juni 767. Pada mulanya ia adalah seorang Diaken Gereja Katolik Roma dan sering mewakili kakaknya Paus Stefanus II dalam bernegosiasi dengan kerajaan Langobardi (Lombard). Setelah kematian Stefanus pad...

San Simón de Moquegua

Peruvian football club This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: San Simón de Moquegua – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Football clubSan SimónFull nameClub Deportivo Comunitario Laboral San SimónFounded5 January 1...

 

Dart (bahasa pemrograman)

DartParadigmamultiparadigma, berorientasi objekDirancang olehLars Bak, Kasper LundPengembangGoogleRilis perdana2.0 / 22 Februari 2018; 6 tahun lalu (2018-02-22)[1]Rilis stabil2.19 / 25 Januari 2023; 14 bulan lalu (2023-01-25)[2]Rilis pratayang3.0 alpha / 25 Januari 2023; 14 bulan lalu (2023-01-25)[3] PlatformLintas platformEkstensi nama berkas.dartSitus webdart.devRepositorigithub.com/orgs/dart-lang/repositoriesSunting kotak info • L...

 

غطاء الرأس في المسيحية

الأم تريزا بغطاء رأس يتم تصوير مريم العذراء في الأعمال المسيحية بغطاء رأس نساء من الأميش في لباسها التقليدي. يُفرض على الراهبات تغطية الرأس. غطاء الرأس في المسيحية تتنوع تقاليد غطاء الرأس أو الحجاب من الرأس الذي تضعه النساء في التقاليد المسيحية. إذ تقوم بعض النساء بلبسه تأ�...

ملكة جمال العالم 1958

ملكة جمال العالم 1958 بينيلوبي كولين ، حاملة لقب مسابقة ملكة جمال العالم 1958بينيلوبي كولين ، حاملة لقب مسابقة ملكة جمال العالم 1958 تاريخ العرض 13 أكتوبر 1958 مقدم الحفل إيريك مورلي مكان مسرح لايسيوم، لندن، المملكة المتحدة مشاركين 22 ظهر لإول مرة البرازيل إنقطاع عن أسترالياالنمسا...

 

دوميني دي تيرافيرما

دوميني دي تيرافيرما   تاريخ التأسيس 1433  تقسيم إداري  البلد جمهورية البندقية  التقسيم الأعلى جمهورية البندقية  تاريخ الإلغاء 1797  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   دوميني دي تيرافيرما (بالإيطالية: Domini di Terraferma)‏ أو ستاتو دا تيرا (بالإيطالية: Stato da Tera)‏ وتعني الممتلكات الب�...

 

البعثة الفرنسية الأولى للقارة القطبية الجنوبية

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. تحوي هذه المقالة أو هذا القسم ترجمة آلية. فضلًا، ساهم في تدقيقها وتحسينها أو إزالتها لأنها تخالف سياسات ويكيبيديا. (نقاش) (نوفمبر 2014) البِعثةُ الفرنسيَّةُ الأُولى لِلقارَّة ا�...

The True Jacob (1960 film)

1960 film For the 1931 film, see The True Jacob (1931 film). The True JacobDirected byRudolf SchündlerWritten byGustav KampendonkErnst Bach (play)Franz Arnold (play)Produced byAlexander GrüterStarringWilly MillowitschRenate EwertJane TildenCinematographyBruno MondiEdited byElisabeth PewnyIlse VoigtMusic byPeter IgelhoffProductioncompanyCorona FilmproduktionDistributed byUFARelease date 11 August 1960 (1960-08-11) Running time88 minutesCountryWest GermanyLanguageGerman The Tru...

 

Newsday

American daily newspaper founded in 1940 This article is about the Long Island newspaper. For the offshoot New York daily (1985–1995), see New York Newsday. For other uses, see Newsday (disambiguation). NewsdayThe front page of Newsday on February 21, 2012TypeDaily newspaperFormatTabloidOwner(s)Newsday Media(Patrick Dolan)PublisherDebby KrenekEditorDon HudsonFoundedSeptember 3, 1940; 83 years ago (1940-09-03)Headquarters6 Corporate Center Drive[1]Melville, New York...

 

Mirkat

Mirkat Status konservasi Risiko Rendah  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Mammalia Ordo: Carnivora Famili: Herpestidae Genus: SuricataDesmarest, 1804 Spesies: S. suricatta Nama binomial Suricata suricatta(Schreber, 1776) Wilayah penyebaran Meerkat Mirkat ( Suricata suricatta ) atau surikata adalah garangan kecil yang ditemukan di Afrika bagian selatan. Ciri khasnya adalah kepala lebar, mata besar, moncong lancip , kaki panjang, ekor ...

2024 Bangladeshi general election

Parts of this article (those related to vote counts) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2024) 2024 Bangladeshi general election ← 2018 7 January 2024 Next → All 300 directly elected seats in the Jatiya Sangsad151 seats needed for a majorityTurnout41.8%[1] (39.4pp)   First party Second party   Leader Sheikh Hasina GM Quader Party AL JP(E) Leader's seat Gopalganj-3 (w...

 

神戸市役所

神戸市役所1号館 情報用途 神戸市行政の中枢施設設計者 神戸市住宅局営繕部日建設計施工 竹中工務店建築主 神戸市事業主体 神戸市管理運営 神戸市構造形式 鉄骨鉄筋コンクリート造建築面積 1,862.4 m²延床面積 52,364.35 m²階数 地上30階、地下3階高さ 132m着工 1987年1月23日竣工 1989年8月31日所在地 〒650-0001神戸市中央区加納町6丁目5番1号特記事項 1号館の他、2号館、3�...

 

Association of Summer Olympic International Federations

Non-profit association Association of Summer Olympic International Federations Association des fédérations internationales olympiques des sports d'étéAbbreviationASOIFFormation30 May 1983; 41 years ago (1983-05-30)TypeNonprofitPurposeInter-sport federation organisationHeadquartersLausanneOfficial language English, FrenchPresidentIngmar De VosVice PresidentUğur ErdenerExecutive DirectorAndrew RyanWebsiteasoif.com The Association of Summer Olympic International Federatio...

Wrong Cops (Best Of)

2014 album by Mr. Oizo Wrong Cops (Best Of)Greatest hits album by Mr. OizoReleased24 February 2014Recorded2005–2013GenreElectronic, avant-garde, French houseLength59 minutes (approx.) LabelEd Banger RecordsProducerQuentin DupieuxMr. Oizo chronology Amicalement(2013) Wrong Cops (Best Of)(2014) The Church(2014) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingClash6/10[1] Wrong Cops (Best Of) is a compilation album by Mr. Oizo, released by Ed Banger Records on 24 February 2014. It is ...

 

Antonio Visconti

Ducato di MilanoVisconti Gian Galeazzo (1395-1402) Figli Gian Galeazzo Valentina, duchessa d'Orléans Azzone Carlo Giovanni Maria Filippo Maria Gabriele Maria (naturale) Antonio (naturale) Giovanni Maria (1402-1412) Filippo Maria (1412-1447) Figli Caterina Maria Bianca Maria Antonio Visconti (... – Pavia, 1391) fu un figlio naturale del duca di Milano Gian Galeazzo Visconti. Indice 1 Biografia 2 Note 3 Bibliografia 4 Altri progetti Biografia Secondo alcune fonti la madre fu una semplice co...