Oskar Kraus

Oskar Kraus

Oskar Kraus (24 July 1872 – 26 September 1942) was a Czech philosopher and jurist.

Life

Oskar Kraus, who converted from the Jewish to the Protestant faith, was born in Prague, the son of Hermann Kraus and Clara Reitler-Eidlitz. In 1899 he married Bertha Chitz.

In 1890 he began to study jurisprudence and philosophy under Friedrich Jodl and Anton Marty, who introduced him into Franz Brentano's philosophy. Kraus made his Doctor of Philosophy in 1895 and attained the habilitation in philosophy in 1902. In 1909 he became Professor extraordinarius and in 1916 Professor ordinarius. After the Germans occupied Czechoslovakia in 1939, Kraus was put into a concentration camp; however, after he was released he fled to Great Britain. At the University Edinburgh he held Gifford Lectures in 1941. In 1942 he died, aged 70, in Oxford, of cancer.[1][2]

Family:

  • Wally Oskarovich Kraus (1930 – 21 October 1981) — son, died in an accident
  • Yuriy Voldemarovich Kraus (b. 30 March 1966 in Tallinn)

Work

During World War I, Kraus worked on topics in relation to war and ethics and wrote important works in the field of public international law.

Influenced by Brentano, Kraus developed an a priori value theory, which was formulated in opposition to Marxian value theory. He also applied this method on economics.

Based on his ideas on law and duty he developed a juristic hermeneutics in the field of jurisprudence, and criticized historism and positivism.

Kraus was also known for his criticism of the theory of relativity, which was according to him an accumulation of "absurdities" (like the constancy of the speed of light) and "mathematical fictions".[3]

References

  1. ^ Friedbert Holz (1980), "Kraus, Oskar", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 12, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 696–698
  2. ^ Gifford Lectures: Oskar Kraus Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, (Publications taken from this source)
  3. ^ Michael D Gordin, Einstein in Bohemia, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2020. Chapter 4

Publications

  • Das Bedürfnis. Ein Beitrag zur beschreibenden Psychologie, Leipzig 1894
  • Zur Theorie des Wertes. Eine Bentham-Studie, Halle a. d. Saale: Niemeyer 1901
  • Die Lehre von Lob, Lohn, Tadel und Strafe bei Aristoteles, Halle a. d. Saale 1905
  • Die aristotelische Werttheorie in ihren Beziehungen zu den modernen Psychologenschule, in: Zeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft 61 (1905), 573-92.
  • Über eine altüberlieferte Mißdeutung der epideiktischen Redegattung bei Aristoteles, Halle a. d. Saale 1905
  • Neue Studien zur Aristotelischen Rhetorik, insbesondere über das genos epideiktikon, Halle a. d. Saale 1907
  • Das Recht zu strafen. Eine rechtsphilosophische Untersuchung, Stuttgart 1911
  • Platons Hippias Minor. Versuch einer Erklärung, Prag 1913
  • Martys Leben und Werke. Eine Skizze, in: Josef Eisenmeier, Alfred Kastil und Oskar Kraus (eds.): Anton Marty, Gesammelte Schriften. Bd. I, 1. Abteilung, Halle a. d. Saale 1916
  • Der Krieg, die Friedensfrage und die Philosophen. Ein Vortrag, Prag 1917
  • Franz Brentano. Zur Kenntnis seines Lebens und seiner Lehre, München 1919
  • Zur Debatte über die Gestaltpsychologie. Einige kritische Darlegungen, Lotos, Prag 69 (1921) 233-42.
  • Offene Briefe an Albert Einstein und Max von Laue über die gedanklichen Grundlagen der speziellen und allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie, Wien 1925
  • Der Machtgedanke und die Friedensidee in der Philosophie der Engländer Bacon und Bentham, Leipzig 1926
  • Albert Schweitzer. Sein Werk und seine Weltanschauung, Berlin 1926/1929
  • Bertrand Russells Analyse des Geistes, in: Archiv für die gesamte Psychologie 75 (1930), 289-314, auch in: Wege und Abwege der Philosophie, Vorträge und Abhandlungen von Oskar Kraus, Prag: Calve 1934, 37-61.
  • Wege und Abwege der Philosophie. Vorträge und Abhandlungen, Prag 1934
  • Die Werttheorien. Geschichte und Kritik, Brünn / Wien / Leipzig: Rohrer 1937
  • Albert Schweitzer. His Work and his Philosophy, übers. v. E. G. McCalman, eingeführt v. A. D. Lindsay, London 1944

Read other articles:

Akuanot

Akuanot Josef Schmid bekerja di luar laboratorium bawah air Aquarius pada 2007. Akuanot adalah orang yang menyelidiki dalam lautan.[1] Akuanot berasal dari kata Latin aqua (air) di tambah kata Yunani nautes (pelaut), berdasarkan pada analogi untuk istilah serupa astronaut (antariksawan). Catatan ^ https://books.google.co.id/books?id=2RHRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&lpg=PA14&dq=akuanot+laut&source=bl&ots=bAYd4vhRB0&sig=ACfU3U182fBmf8RLYnTsDYHH100L75JQYg&hl=id&sa=X&a...

 

Enzo Zidane

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2023. Nama ini menggunakan cara penamaan Spanyol: nama keluarga pertama atau paternalnya adalah Muhammad Zidane dan nama keluarga kedua atau maternalnya adalah Fernández. EnzoInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Enzo Alan Zidane FernándezTanggal lahir 24 Ma...

 

My Lecturer My Husband

My Lecturer My HusbandGenre Drama Roman Komedi BerdasarkanMy Lecturer My Husbandoleh GitliciousSkenarioQueen B.SutradaraMonty TiwaPengarah kreatifShania PunjabiPemeran Reza Rahadian Prilly Latuconsina Kevin Ardilova Lagu pembukaLecture with Love oleh Billy SimpsonLagu penutupHati Memilih Cinta oleh Ilham NahumaruryPenata musikAndi RiantoNegara asalIndonesiaBahasa asliBahasa IndonesiaJmlh. musim2Jmlh. episode8ProduksiProduser eksekutif Dhamoo Punjabi Jeff Han Kaichen Li Lesley Simpson P...

Serie C2 1983-1984

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento edizioni di competizioni calcistiche non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Serie C2 1983-1984 Competizione Serie C2 Sport Calcio Edizione 6ª Organizzatore Lega Nazionale Serie C Date dal 18 settembre 1983al 3 giugno 1984 Luogo Italia Partecipanti 72 ...

 

European dark bee

Subspecies of honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Hymenoptera Family: Apidae Genus: Apis Species: A. mellifera Subspecies: A. m. mellifera Trinomial name Apis mellifera melliferaLinnaeus, 1758[1] Synonyms[2] Apis mellifica germanica (Pollmann 1879) Apis mellifica nigrita (Lucas 1882) Apis mellifica mellifica variety lehzeni (Buttel-Reepen 1906) Apis mellifica mellifi...

 

Japan National Route 310

Road in Japan National Route 310国道310号Route informationLength39.3 km[1] (24.4 mi)LocationCountryJapan Highway system National highways of Japan Expressways of Japan ← National Route 309→ National Route 311 Kawachinagano, Osaka National Route 310 is a national highway of Japan connecting Sakai-ku, Sakai and Gojō, Nara, with a total length of 39.3 km (24.42 mi). References ^ 一般国道の路線別、都道府県別道路現況 [Road st...

Bombardopolis

Commune in Nord-Ouest, HaitiBombardopolis BonbadopolisCommuneBombardopolisLocation in HaitiCoordinates: 19°42′0″N 73°20′0″W / 19.70000°N 73.33333°W / 19.70000; -73.33333CountryHaitiDepartmentNord-OuestArrondissementMôle-Saint-NicolasArea • Total196.51 km2 (75.87 sq mi)Elevation416 m (1,365 ft)Population (2015)[1] • Total36,028 • Density183/km2 (470/sq mi) est. adult populat...

 

Cheick Tioté

Cheick Tioté Tioté mewakili Pantai Gading pada 2012Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Cheick Ismaël Tioté[1]Tanggal lahir (1986-06-21)21 Juni 1986Tempat lahir Yamoussoukro, Pantai GadingTanggal meninggal 5 Juni 2017(2017-06-05) (umur 30)Tempat meninggal Beijing, TiongkokTinggi 1,80 m (5 ft 11 in)[2]Posisi bermain Gelandang bertahanKarier junior1998–2005 FC BiboKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2005–2008 Anderlecht 4 (0)2007–2008 → Roda JC (pinjama...

 

Paul Wolfskehl

Paul Wolfskehl (c. 1880) Paul Friedrich Wolfskehl (1856-1906),lahir di Darmstadt, Jerman, adalah seorang industriawan yang memiliki ketertarikan di bidang matematika.[1] Dia terkenal karena mewasiatkan 100.000 mark (pada saat itu setara dengan 1.000.000 poundsterling) untuk orang pertama yang berhasil membuktikan kebenaran atau kesalahan dari Teorema Terakhir Fermat. Ia merupakan anak kedua (bungsu) dari seorang bankir kaya keturunan Yahudi, Joseph Carl Theodor Wolfskehl. Ketika ayahn...

Third party (U.S. politics)

US political parties other than the two major parties Third party, or minor party, is a term used in the United States' two-party system for political parties other than the Republican and Democratic parties. Third parties are most often encountered in presidential nominations. Third party vote splitting exceeded a president's margin of victory in three elections: 1844, 2000, and 2016. No third-party candidate has won the presidency since the Republican Party became the second major party in ...

 

خليج عدن

خليج عدنخليج عدنالموقع الجغرافي / الإداريالإحداثيات 12°N 48°E / 12°N 48°E / 12; 48 جزء من المحيط الهندي دول الحوض اليمن — الصومال — جيبوتي هيئة المياهالنوع خليج صغير القياساتعمق 2٬700 م تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات خريطة لخليج عدن أو خليج بربرا يعود تاريخها لعا�...

 

Jump shot (basketball)

Basketball technique Main article: Basketball moves Stephen Curry, widely regarded as the greatest shooter in National Basketball Association (NBA) history, attempting a jump shot over Marcin Gortat. In basketball (and derivatives like netball), a player may attempt to score a basket by leaping straight into the air, the elbow of the shooting hand cocked, ball in hand above the head, and launching the ball in a high arc towards the basket for a jump shot (colloquially, a jumper). Although ear...

Joy Division

Joy DivisionJoy Division c. 1979: Morris, Curtis, Sumner, HookInformasi latar belakangNama lainWarsaw (1977–1978)AsalSalford, Manchester Raya, InggrisGenrePost-punkTahun aktif1976–1980LabelFactoryEnigmaVirginAnonymousFast ProductSordide Sentimental[1]Artis terkaitNew OrderSitus webjoydivisionofficial.comMantan anggota Ian Curtis Bernard Sumner Peter Hook Stephen Morris Joy Division adalah band rock asal Inggris yang terbentuk pada tahun 1976 di Salford, Manchester Raya. Band ...

 

Brandt Report

1980 economic report Willy Brandt in 1982, the creator of the Brandt Report The Brandt Report is the report written by the Independent Commission, first chaired by Willy Brandt, in 1980. The Independent Commission for International Developmental Issues was established in 1977 with the aim to review international development issues,[1] with the former German Chancellor being nominated as Head by Robert McNamara, then the World Bank President. The result of this report provided an under...

 

Begonia gunnerifolia

Begonia gunnerifolia TaksonomiSuperkerajaanEukaryotaKerajaanPlantaeDivisiTracheophytaOrdoCucurbitalesFamiliBegoniaceaeGenusBegoniaSpesiesBegonia gunnerifolia Linden dan André, 1875 Begonia gunnerifolia adalah spesies tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam famili Begoniaceae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari ordo Cucurbitales. Nama ilmiah spesies ini pertama kali diterbitkan oleh Jean Jules Linden dan Édouard André pada 1875. Referensi Pranala luar Begonia gunnerifolia pada situs web The Pl...

Giuseppe Pecci

Yang MuliaGiuseppe Pecci, S.J.Kardinal-Diaken Sant'Agata dei GotiCardinal Pecci pada tahun 1872Jabatan lainPrefect of the Sacred Congregation of Studies (1884-1887)Kardinal Protodiaken (1887-1890)ImamatTahbisan imam1837Pelantikan kardinal12 May 1879PeringkatCardinal-DeaconInformasi pribadiLahir(1807-12-13)13 Desember 1807Carpineto Romano, Negara GerejaWafat8 Februari 1890(1890-02-08) (umur 82)Roma, Kerajaan ItaliaMakamCampo Verano, RomaKewarganegaraanItaliaDenominasiKatolik RomaOrang tua...

 

The Sun at Midnight

2016 Canadian drama film directed by Kirsten Carthew The Sun at MidnightFilm posterDirected byKirsten CarthewWritten byKirsten CarthewProduced byKirsten CarthewAmos ScottStarringDuane HowardKawennáhere Devery JacobsCinematographyIan MacDougallEdited byJamie AlainMusic byRich WaltersProductioncompaniesJill and Jackfish ProductionsDistributed byIndustry Works PicturesMonterey MediaRelease date September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25) Running time93 minutesCountryCanadaLanguageEnglish The...

 

The Magic of Chocolate

Japanese manga series and its adaptations The Magic of ChocolateCover of the first volumeショコラの魔法(Shokora no Mahō)GenreDark fantasy[1] MangaWritten byRino MizuhoPublished byShogakukanEnglish publisherSEA: Shogakukan AsiaImprintCiao Horror ComicsMagazineCiaoCiao DX [ja]DemographicShōjoOriginal runSeptember 3, 2008 – presentVolumes24 Original video animationDirected byShinichiro KimuraWritten byMichiko YokoteTatsuto HiguchiKenichi Yamash...

Pan Pan (kingdom)

Hindu kingdom on the Malay Peninsula Pan Pan3rd century CE–7th century CEApproximate location of Pan Pan.CapitalUnknownCommon languagesUnknownReligion HinduismGovernmentMonarchyRaja History • Established 3rd century CE• Disestablished 7th century CE Succeeded by Srivijaya Tambralinga Today part ofMalaysiaThailand Part of a series on the History of Malaysia Prehistoric period Paleolithic  Lenggong Valley c. 2,000,0000 BCE  Mansuli Valley235,000 BCE Meso...

 

Гревенмахер (округ)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Гревенмахер. округГревенмахерлюксемб. Gréiwemaacher фр. Grevenmacher нем. Grevenmacher 49°40′ с. ш. 6°25′ в. д.HGЯO Страна  Люксембург Включает 3 кантона Адм. центр Гревенмахер История и география Дата образования 24 февраля 1843 Д...