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Order of Merit of Philip the Magnanimous
*Verdienstorden Philipps des Großmütigen*
Order of Merit of Philip the Magnanimous; Verdienstorden Philipps des Großmütigen ;
	Cross of the order
Awarded by The Grand Duke of Hesse
Type	Order of Merit
Established	1 May 1840
Motto	SI DEUS NOBISCUM QUIS CONTRA NOS
Status	Monarchy dissolved in 1918
Sovereign	Grand Duke of Hesse
Grades	Grand Cross; Commander 1st Class; Commander 2nd Class; Cross of Honour; Knight 1st Class; Knight 2nd Class; Silver Cross
Statistics
Last induction	1918
Precedence
Next (higher)	Ludwig Order (before 1875); Order of the Golden Lion (after 1875)
Next (lower)	Order of the Star of Brabant
	; Ribbon bar of the order; ;

The Order of Merit of Philip the Magnanimous (German: Verdienstorden Philipps des Großmütigen) was an order of chivalry established by Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse on 1 May 1840, the name day of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, in his honour to award extraordinary military or civil merit.^[1] It was the second-highest order of the Grand Duchy of Hesse before 1876, when it was displaced to third by the revived Order of the Golden Lion, the former paramount order of the Electorate of Hesse.

After the First World War and the fall of the German monarchies, the order—along with all other grand ducal decorations—was formally abolished in 1919.

Overview

The order was initially divided into four grades: Grand Cross, Commanders 1st and 2nd classes, and knight. On the anniversary of its founding in 1849, a new class was created, the Silver Cross, with the introduction of crossed swords in gold or silver for the class. From 10 November 1859 the knight class was further divided into two grades, 1st and 2nd classes. In 1876, the order was renamed the "Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Philip" (German: Großherzoglich Hessischer Philipps-Orden), though that decree was withdrawn a year later.

From 1881, the order could be awarded with a golden crown, as a special distinction; the order with swords for military merit was from 1893 restricted to those with outstanding achievements during war. In 1900, another new class, the Cross of Honour (German: Ehrenkreuz) was created, which was below commander 2nd class and above knight 1st class. A final revision was made on 17 June 1911, with golden rays added to the cross arms of the Commander 1st Class grade.

Recipients

Grand Crosses

Commanders 1st Class

Commanders 2nd Class

Crosses of Honour

Eberhard Graf von Schmettow

Knights 1st class

Others

References

^ ^a ^b Bernard Burke, ed. (1858). "Hesse (Grand Duchy)". The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honour. London: Hurst & Blackett. pp. 137–138.

Literature

Jörg Nimmergut: Deutsche Orden und Ehrenzeichen bis 1945, Band I – Anhalt-Hohenzollern, Zentralstelle für wissenschaftliche Ordenskunde, München 1997, ISBN 3-00-00-1396-2