Nusplingen Limestone

Nusplingen Limestone
Stratigraphic range: Kimmeridgian
The Nusplingen quarry
TypeFormation
Unit ofZementmergel Formation
UnderliesHangende Bankkalk Formation
OverliesObere Felsenkalk Formation
Thickness10.5–17 m (34–56 ft)
Lithology
PrimaryLithographic limestone
OtherFlint
Location
Coordinates48°07′55″N 8°53′26″E / 48.13193°N 8.8906°E / 48.13193; 8.8906
Approximate paleocoordinates39°12′N 17°42′E / 39.2°N 17.7°E / 39.2; 17.7
RegionBaden-Württemberg
CountryGermany
Extent1.5 km2 (0.58 sq mi)
Type section
Named forNusplingen
Named byFriedrich August Quenstedt
Year defined1839
Nusplingen Limestone is located in Germany
Nusplingen Limestone
Nusplingen Limestone (Germany)

The Nusplingen Limestone (German: Nusplingen Plattenkalk) is a geological formation in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It preserves fossils dating to the Kimmeridgian age of the Late Jurassic.[1][2] It mainly consists of lithographic limestones deposited in a marine basin, similar to the Solnhofen Limestone. Fossils of pterosaurs, thalattosuchians, and the oldest geophilomorph centipede Eogeophilus were found in the Nusplingen Limestone.

History

Cycnorhamphus suevicus (formerly Pterodactylus suevicus), one of the first complete pterosaurs from Nusplingen presented by Quenstedt in 1855

The Nusplingen Limestone was first discovered in the first half of the 19th century. In 1839, Friedrich Kinzelbach, a doctor working in Nusplingen, led Friedrich August von Quenstedt to a quarry a farmer used to retrieve floor tiles. Friedrich Kinzelbach presumably led Quenstedt to the locality after hearing his talks about the Solnhofen Limestone.[3] Quenstedt recognized the Importance of the locality, commenting on how fossil-rich the locality is, mentioning numerous fossils of Lumbricaria and numerous fish scales. In 1839, Quenstedt introduced the term "Nusplinger Plattenkalk" (Nusplingen Limestone) for the quarry's limestone.[3] Quenstedt's writing about the locality resulted in the collection of fossil material by the bishop Oskar Fraas. In 1849, he held an essay on the Nusplingen Limestone at the meeting of German naturalists and doctors in Regensburg. Later, in 1850, Count Wilhelm von Württemberg gave a lecture on the concept of sourcing lithography stones from Nusplingen. Oskar Fraas motivated the businessman Christian Fuchs from Stuttgart to start sourcing rock from Nusplingen in 1853, and the first big quarry was created after that. Unfortunately the limestone from Nusplingen was not usable for lithography, but the fossil collection of Oskar Fraas had grown immensely, and Quenstedt also began collecting fossils from the site. Friedrich Eser, who also collected fossils from Nusplingen, called the site a "paternal Solnhofen". In the year 1855, the first pterosaur remains were found, specimens of Rhamphorhynchus and Cycnorhamphus.[3]

In 1896, fossil and mineral dealer Bernhard Stürtz began quarry work in the Nusplingen Limestone once again. This time fossils were the only focus of the quarry workers. The found fossils were offered for sale to the University of Tübingen and the Royal Natural Cabinet in Stuttgart. Among the fossils found in this campaign were a 2 metres (6.6 ft) long Cricosaurus, a specimen of Rhamphorhynchus, and the angelshark Pseudorhina. Only 30 years after the dig by Stürtz did an excavation with a scientific focus begin, when in 1929 the University of Tübingen began quarry work from a purely scientific view. This short campaign was very successful, bringing forth a fossil of the large chimaera Ischyodus, and the first research on how the deposit was formed. However, the campaign quickly ran out of funding and came to an end. Work began again in 1935 under Alfred Mayer-Gürr, who was then subsequently replaced by Bruno Fuchs after Alfred left to work in Iraq. Due to World War 2, a detailed overview of this campaign never came to be.[3]

The original owner of the quarry passed away, and multiple companies tried to buy it for building material. It was then sold to the Verein für vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg in an effort to protect the locality, which was subsequently put under conservation. In 1946 the University of Paris led a campaign, though what happened to the fossils found in this campaign is unknown. It took 14 years for the next campaign to start in 1962, undertaken by the University of Tübingen; this campaign was treated as unsuccessful and was stopped after a few months.[3]

In the year 1980, new information came to light on the extent of the Nusplingen Limestone. In Egesheim, a new quarry exposing rocks of the Nusplingen Limestone was established only 250 meters away from the previous site. Afraid the fossils would get destroyed by the quarry work, the Natural History Museum of Stuttgart requested the whole extent of the Nusplingen Limestone to be put under protection, which was then accepted on 25 November 1983. Afraid of fossil thieves, sample digs were started by the SMNH to determine how threatened the fossil richness of the fossil site was. With the subsequent find of a complete shark skeleton of the genus Sphenodus, the museum invested in a research campaign which started in 1994 in the old Nusplingen quarry, and in 1993 in the Egesheimer quarry. The campaign has yet to stop.[3]

Dating

Lithographic limestones are a common occurrence throughout the Late Jurassic, which is why many geologists used to believe that they were deposited at the same time. Friedrich August von Quenstedt defined these together with deposits in the Swabian Alps as "Weißjura zeta". Nowadays Ammonite-Zones are used to date these deposits more clearly. Analysis of the ammonite fauna has now shown that the Nusplingen Limestone is around 0.5 million years older than the Solnhofen Limestone, which makes it late Kimmeridgian in age.[3]

Paleobiota

The Nusplingen Limestone has yielded a rich variety of fossil material, including plants, decapod crustaceans, Insects, fish, cephalopods and pterosaurs, as well as an isolated feather of a dinosaur.

Source is [3] unless mentioned otherwise.

Porifera

Genus Species Notes Images
Codites C. dubius
C. serpentinus
C. subarticulatus
Crispispongia C. stolata
Cypellia C. sp
Laocoetis L. schweiggeri
Peronidella P. cylindrica
Stauroderma S. sp
Trochobolus T. dentatus
T. sp
Verrucocoelia V. sp

Anthozoa

Genus Species Notes Images
Trochocyathus T. sp

Mollusca

Lamellibranchiata

Genus Species Notes Images
Actinostreon A. gregareum
Arca A. fracta
Camptonectes C. auritus
Chlamys C. textoria
Cingentolium C. cingulatum
Ctenostreon C. pectiniforme
Eopecten E. velatus
Liostrea L. roemeri
L. socialis
Nanogyra N. virgula
Plagiostoma P. pratzi
Propeamussium P. nonarium
Pseudolimea P. duplicata
Radulopecten R. sigmaringensis
Spondylopecten S. palinurus
S. subspinosus

Gastropoda

Genus Species Notes images
Amberleya A. sp
Leptomaria L. umbilicata

Ammonoidea

Genus Species Notes Images
Aspidoceras A. catalaunicum
Euvirgalithacoceras E. sp
Glochiceras G. lens
Granulochetoceras G. ornatum
Hybonotella H. sp
Hybonoticeras H. harpephorum
H. sp
Lingulaticeras L. sp
L. pseudopercevali
Lithacoceras L. fasciferum
L. onukii
L. ulmense
Neochetoceras N. praecursor
N. subnudatum
Ochetoceras O. zio
Physodoceras P. nattheimense
Silicisphinctes S. hoelderi
S. keratinitiformis
S. oxypleurus
S. russi
Streblites S. zlatarskii
Subplanites S. sp
Sutneria S. rebholzi
Taramelliceras T. sp

Nautiloidea

Genus Species Notes Images
Cenoceras C. sp
Pseudaganides P. sp

Belemnoidea

Genus Species Notes Images
Hibolithes H. semisulcatus
Raphibelus R. acicula

Other Cephalopods

Genus Species Notes Images
Deinuncus D. sp
Leptotheuthis L. gigas
Parloviteuthis P. kapitzkei
Pearceiteuthis P. sp
Plesioteuthis P. prisca
Patelloctopus[4] P. ilgi
Trachyteuthis T. hastiformis
T. nusplingensis

Polychaetes

Genus Species Notes Images
Eunicites E. proavus
Ficopomatus F. sp
Muensteria M. lacunosa
M. encoelioides
Serpula S. sp
Terebella T. sp

Insecta

Multiple unnamed beetles and a crane fly are known from the Locality

Genus Species Notes Images
Aeschnidium A. densum
Cymatophlebia C. longialata
C. sp
Orthophlebia O. sp
Stenophlebia S. rolfhuggeri
Brunateaschnidum B. nusplingensis

Chilopoda

Genus Species Notes Images
Eogeophilus E. nusplingensis

Limulidae

Genus Species Notes Images
Mesolimulus M. walchii

Crustaceans

Natantia

Genus Species Notes Images
Acanthochirana A. sp
Aeger A. tipularius
Antrimpos A. nonodon
A. undenarius
Buergerocaris B. psittacoides
Bylgia B. spinosa
B. sp
Dusa D. araneae
D. monocera
Harthofia H. sp
Hefriga H. frischmanni
H. serrata
Pseudodusa P. frattigianii

Reptantia

Genus Species Notes Images
Coleia C. longipes
Cycleryon C. orbiculatus
C. propinquus Cycleryon spinimanus is a synonym of this species, as they represent sexual dimorphism.
Knebelia K. totoroi
Eryma E. modestiforme
E. punctatum
Erymastacus E. major
Galicia G. westphali
Glyphea G. pseudoscyllarus
Palaeastacus P. fuciformis
Palaeopentacheles P. roettenbacheri
Palinurina P. sp
Pseudastacus P. sp
Pustulia P. minuta
P. suevica

Mysidacea

Genus Species Notes Images
Elder E. ungulatus [5]
Naranda N. anomala

Other Crustaceans

Genus Species Notes Images
Sculda S. spinosa small Stomatopod
Palaega P. nusplingensis Isopoda
Eolepas E. quenstedti goose barnacle

Tylacocephala

Genus Species Infos Images
Mayrocaris M. bucculata

Brachiopoda

Genus Species Notes Images
Cheirothyris C. fleuriausa
Juralina J. insigne
Lacunosella L. sp
Ornithella O. pentagonalis
Rioultina R. sp
Terebratulina T. substriata
Torquirhynchia T. speciosa

Echinodermata

Echinoidea

Genus Species Notes Images
Diplocidaris D. cladifera
Diplopodia D. subungularis
Gymnocidaris G. sp
Holectypus H. orificatus
Nenoticidaris N. hsitricoides
Paracidaris P. florigemma
Plegiocidaris P. crucifera
Polycidaris P. nusplingensis
Rhabdocidaris R. boehmi
Stomechinus S. perlatus

Asteroidea

Genus Species Notes Images
Sphaeraster S. granulatus
Tylasteria T. jurensis

Ophiuroidea

Genus Species Notes Images
Sinosura S. kelheimense

Crinoidea

Genus Species Notes images
Comaturella C. formosa
Millericrinus M. milleri
Plicatocrinus P. fraasi
Saccocoma S. tenella
Solanocrinites S. sp

Vertebrates

Elasmobranchii

Genus Species Notes images
Belemnobatis B. sismondae
Heterodontus H. falcifer
Notidanoides N. muensteri
N. serratus
Palaeoscyllium P. sp
Paraorthacodus P. jurensis
Pseudorhina P. acanthoderma
Sphenodus S. macer
S. nitidus
Synechodus S. ungeri

Holocephali

Genus Species Notes Images
Elasmodectes E. avitus
Ischyodus I. quenstedti

Crossopterygii

Genus Species Notes Images
Coccoderma C. suevicum
Undina U. penicillata

Actinopterygii

Genus Species Notes Images
Allothrissops A. mesogaster
A. sp
Anaethalion A. angustus
A. cirinensis
Aspidorhynchus A. acutirostris
Caturus C. furcatus
Eurycormus E. speciosus
Eurypoma E. grande
Furo F. aldingeri
F. microlepidotus
F. praelongus Junior Synonym of F. muensteri[6]
F. sp
Gyrodus G. circularis
Hypsocormus H. macrodon
Ionoscopus I. cyprinoides
Leptolepides L. sprattiformis
Ophiopsis O. procera
Sanctusichthys[7] S. rieteri
Siemensichthys S. macrocephalus
Simocormus[8] S. macrolepidotus
Solnhofenamia S. elongata
Tharsis T. dubius
Thrissops T. subovatus

Testudinata

Genus Species Notes Images
Eurysternum E. sp

Pseudosuchia

Genus Species Notes Images
Cricosaurus C. suevicus
Dakosaurus D. maximus
"Steneosaurus" S. sp

Pterosauria

Genus Species Notes Images
Ardeadactylus A. longicollum Originally described as a species of Pterodactylus
Cycnorhamphus C. suevicus
Rhamphorhynchus R. longiceps Likely Junior Synonym of R. muensteri[9]
R. muensteri

See also

References

  1. ^ Nusplingen Limestone at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ Nusplingen Plattenkalk at Fossilworks.org
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "Im Reich der Meerengel". Pfeil Verlag (in German). Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  4. ^ Fuchs, Dirk; Iba, Yasuhiro; Heyng, Alexander; Iijima, Masaya; Klug, Christian; Larson, Neal L.; Schweigert, Günter (February 2020). Brayard, Arnaud (ed.). "The Muensterelloidea: phylogeny and character evolution of Mesozoic stem octopods". Papers in Palaeontology. 6 (1): 31–92. doi:10.1002/spp2.1254. ISSN 2056-2799.
  5. ^ "Elder ungulatus". solnhofen-fossilienatlas.de (in German).
  6. ^ Lane, Jennifer A.; Ebert, Martin (July 2012). "Revision of Furo muensteri (Halecomorphi, Ophiopsidae) from the Upper Jurassic of Western Europe, with comments on the genus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (4): 799–819. Bibcode:2012JVPal..32..799L. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.680325. ISSN 0272-4634.
  7. ^ López-Arbarello, Adriana; Maxwell, Erin E.; Schweigert, Günter (3 March 2020). "New halecomorph (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Nusplingen Lithographic Limestone (Upper Jurassic, Late Kimmeridgian), Germany". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (2): e1771348. Bibcode:2020JVPal..40E1348L. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1771348. ISSN 0272-4634.
  8. ^ Maxwell, Erin; Lambers, Paul; Lopez-Arbarello, Adriana; Schweigert, Günter (2020). "Re-evaluation of pachycormid fishes from the Late Jurassic of Southwestern Germany". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 65. doi:10.4202/app.00749.2020.
  9. ^ Bennett, S. Christopher (1995). "A Statistical Study of Rhamphorhynchus from the Solnhofen Limestone of Germany: Year-Classes of a Single Large Species". Journal of Paleontology. 69 (3): 569–580. Bibcode:1995JPal...69..569B. doi:10.1017/S0022336000034946. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1306329.

Further reading

  • R. Böttcher and C. J. Duffin. 2000. The neoselachian shark Sphenodus from the Late Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) of Nusplingen and Egesheim (Baden-Württemberg, Germany). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde B, Geologie und Paläontologie 283:1–31
  • O. Dietl and G. Schweigert. 2000. Brachiopoden aus dem Nusplinger Plattenkalk (Oberjura, SW Deutschland). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 290:1–23
  • P. Zügel, W. Riegraf, G. Schweigert and G. Dietl. 1998. Radiolaria from the Nusplingen Lithographic Limestone (Late Kimmeridgian, SW Germany). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 268:43
  • G. Schweigert and G. Dietl. 1997. Ein fossiler Hundertfüßler (Chilopoda, Geophilida) aus dem Nusplinger Plattenkalk (Oberjura, Südwestdeutschland). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 254:1–11
  • G. Schweigert, G. Dietl, M. Kapitzke, J. Rieter, and R. Hugger. 1996. Libellen aus dem Nusplinger Plattenkalk (Oberjura, Ober-Kimmeridgium, Württemberg). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 236:1–12

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