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Neognathostomata; Temporal range: Lower Jurassic–recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Echinocyamus pusillus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Echinodermata
Class:	Echinoidea
Infraclass:	Irregularia
Superorder:	Neognathostomata; Smith, 1981
Orders
	Cassiduloida; Clypeasteroida; Echinolampadoida

The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.

Description and characteristics

They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.

Taxonomy

family Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
family Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 †
order Cassiduloida
- superfamily Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
  - family Cassidulidae (L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847)
- superfamily Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
  - family Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
  - family Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962) †
order Clypeasteroida A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
- suborder Clypeasterina
  - family Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
  - family Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971 †
  - family Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995 †
- family Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879 †
- family Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 †
- family Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 †
- family Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905 †
- suborder Scutellina
  - infraorder Laganiformes
    - family Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
    - family Fibulariidae Gray, 1855
    - family Laganidae Desor, 1858
  - infraorder Scutelliformes
    - family Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
    - family Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
    - family Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 †
    - family Rotulidae Gray, 1855
    - superfamily Scutellidea Gray, 1825
      - family Abertellidae Durham, 1955 †
      - family Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
      - family Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
      - family Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
      - family Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 †
      - family Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 †
      - family Scutellidae Gray, 1825
    - family Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
  - family Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a †
family Clypeidae Lambert, 1898 †
family Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
order Echinolampadoida
- family Echinolampadidae Gray, 1851a
family Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847 †
family Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 †
genus Pygolampas Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012 †

References

Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
Kroh A, Mooi R (eds.). "Neognathostomata". World Echinoidea Database. World Register of Marine Species.