The Napoleon, Defiance & Western Railroad (NDW) (a wholly owned subsidiary of the Michigan Southern Railroad) is a Class III railroad in the United States owned by the Patriot Rail Company that operates between Woodburn, Indiana and Napoleon, Ohio and comprises a reported 58 miles of track.[1]
The railroad normally operates Monday through Saturday with trains typically moving railcars from the interchanges with CSX at Defiance, Ohio and Norfolk Southern at Woodburn, Indiana to customers located along the line and returning cars back to the interchanges. Some customers also require switching service to move railcars for loading and unloading. The railroad also operates over 3 miles of track that runs south from Cecil, Ohio to the Lafarge North America (Paulding Plant). This section of track was originally part of the Cincinnati Northern Railroad and is owned and maintained by Lafarge.
In past years, the section of the line between Cecil and Defiance was largely inactive due to a lack of customers and poor track conditions. As the track conditions have improved, trains operating through this section have been more common. The restoration of this section has given customers the option to route their traffic through more than one interchange, potentially reducing their shipping costs.
The section of the line that served Liberty Center, Ohio was taken out of service in 2016.[2][3] While that portion of the line has not been officially abandoned, the rails have been removed from a point immediately west of US-24 and continuing east through Liberty Center. That portion of the line had been primarily used for car storage.
The railroad's main yard is located between 5th Street and Davidson Street in Defiance. The railroad's headquarters is located at 817 5th Street in a restored Wabash Railroad-era freight house adjacent to the main yard. The railroad does not have a dedicated engine house and it's not uncommon to find locomotives tied down at various locations on the line.
Customers
Since taking over operations of the line from the Maumee and Western Railroad, the owners of the Napoleon, Defiance & Western have steadily increased the number of customers served by rail and the volume of traffic operating over the line. The current list of customers served include:
Napoleon, Ohio
Interstate Cold Storage
Cloverleaf Cold Storage
Americold Logistics
Advanced Drainage Systems
Oldcastle Infrastructure
Transload facility operated by the Napoleon, Defiance & Western
Okolona, Ohio
Republic Mills
Defiance, Ohio
APackaging Group
Johns Manville - 2 locations
Tessenderlo Kerley
Paulding, Ohio
LafargeHolcim
Systech Environmental
Woodburn, Indiana
Ag Plus
History
The railroad line was originally a main line on the Wabash Railroad 5th District from New Haven, Indiana, to Toledo, Ohio. Subsequent owners included the Norfolk and Western Railway, Norfolk Southern Railway, the Indiana Hi-Rail Corporation and the Maumee & Western Railroad. The line was purchased by Pioneer Railcorp on December 28, 2012 for $5.4 million.[4] In 2019, Pioneer Railcorp was acquired by BRX Transportation Holdings and renamed as Pioneer Lines.[5] In September 2022, Patriot Rail Company LLC purchased Pioneer Lines from BRX Transportation Holdings.[6] In 2023, the railroad was named "Shortline of the Year" by "Railway Age".[7]
"Worst Railroad Tracks in America"
When it purchased the rail line, Pioneer described it as being "in dire need of rehabilitation,"[4] Prior to Pioneer's purchase, the line had been dubbed by some as being the "Worst Railroad Tracks in America" due to its poor track conditions. The track conditions were the result of decades of underinvestment in maintenance. The poor conditions were also attributed to the fact that the line had been run through a portion of the former Great Black Swamp and the underlying wetland soils made it difficult to maintain the railroad in good condition.
The conditions were so poor that the entire line was classified as "excepted", the lowest possible track classification. That classification limited track speed to 10 MPH although trains often operated at even slower speeds to limit the number of derailments, which happened frequently. It also limited the height, length and type of cars that could move over the line. Much of the track was old, lightweight 80 pound rail, which restricted the weight of the carloads that could operate over the line.
Rehabilitating the Napoleon, Defiance & Western
Starting with Pioneer taking ownership of the line and with funding assistance from Ohio and Indiana and the federal government, extensive efforts have been made to address the decades of deferred maintenance and to improve the overall state of the railroad. This work started on day one of operations with a focus on replacing decayed ties, broken rails, clearing brush and trees from the railroad right-of-way, putting down ballast and upgrading railroad crossings. In recent years, the work has shifted to replacing the 80 pound rail with more robust rail that can support heavier car loadings.
The pace of improvements accelerated after the purchase of Pioneer RailCorp by BRX Transportation Holdings. The new CEO of Pioneer Lines, Alex Yeros, set a goal to upgrade all of the track owned by Pioneer Lines railroads, to at least Class 1 standards.[8] The current owner, Patriot Rail, has continued the efforts to upgrade all of the main line to Class 1 standards. When the work associated with the Phase 3 CRISI grant is completed, the railroad will have new rail and ties along the entire active portion of the line, and there will be no significant deferred track maintenance remaining.
The list of improvements include:
2013
Phase 1 - Sidings and Track Rehabilitation
New sidings east of Cecil and on the east side of Napoleon
Track rehabilitation of the section of the line between Cecil and Defiance
Funding: $450,000 grant from Ohio Rail Development Commission (ORDC) and $290,000 from NDW
Lafarge
Lafarge added a storage track in their right-of-way north of their Paulding plant to accommodate additional rail traffic to and from their facility.
2014
Phase 2 - Defiance Yard and Track Rehabilitation
Rehabilitate Defiance Yard (work completed in 2019)
Track rehabilitation on the west end of line and of high traffic sections
Funding: $450,000 grant from ORDC and $1 million loan from ORDC
Loan repaid in full in 2019 as part of BRX Transportation Holdings acquisition of the railroad
2016
Railroad crossing closures
Removal of rails and crossing equipment at 7 crossings including US-24 and east along the line into Liberty Center
Funding: ORDC
Track Upgrades
Improvements to the tracks on the system to compensate for ending services to Liberty Center
Funding: ORDC
Transload Facility - Napoleon
Construct a transload facility in Napoleon to serve customers on the portion of the line to Liberty Center that is being taken out of service. This facility also can serve new customers in need of a transload facility.
Funding: $285,000 grant from ORDC and $285,000 from NDW
2020
Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvements (CRISI) grant (Critical Safety Improvements) - Phase 1
Replacement of 10 miles of rail with 132 pound rail from 80 pound rail and replacement of 29,000 ties on 29 miles of track between Woodburn and Defiance
Upgrade track from "excepted" to "Class 1" status
Funding: $4.1 million from U.S. Department of Transportation, $3.8 million from NDW and $250,000 from ODRC
