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N'guigmi

Nguigmi, Ngigmi
N'guigmi Nguigmi, Ngigmi
	Camel riders line up outside the residence of the traditional chief of Nguigmi
	N'guigmi Location of N'guigmi
	Coordinates: 14°15′10″N 13°06′39″E / 14.25278°N 13.11083°E
Country	Niger
Region	Diffa Region
Department	N'guigmi Department
Commune	Nguigmi
Area
• Total	3,134 km2 (1,210 sq mi)
Elevation	297 m (977 ft)
Population (2012 census)
• Total	47,198
• Density	15/km2 (39/sq mi)

Metric temperature & rainfall diagram for N'guigmi (in German). Shows average daytime high of 27.5 degrees Celsius, total yearly rainfall average of 212 millimetres.

N'guigmi is a city and Commune of fifteen thousand in the easternmost part of Niger, very near to Lake Chad – lying on its shore until the lake retreated. It is a crossroads for the traditional camel caravans of the Toureg and for traders plying North and South across the Sahara.

Overview

N'guigmi is a military centre for the region, a centre for the salt trade from Kaourar and is the last stop on the road to Chad. It is "the end of the road" and marks the end of the paved section of the Nigerien Route Nationale 1, although the sections past Diffa are notorious for their poor condition.^[3] Two unpaved highways or caravan routes connect to N'guigmi from the north, providing the main road route between Chad and Niger, and one of two land routes to the Kaourar Oasis town of Bilma.

The town lies at the mouth of the Dilia Bosso, an ancient river valley and seasonal wash that runs from the Termit Massif over 200 km to the northwest to what was the shore of Lake Chad as recently as the mid 20th century. The town was then a centre of Kanuri fishing communities. By the 2000s, even during the rainy season, the nearest access to water was at the village of Doro (a Beri-beri name for "Fishing port") 45 km southwest of N'guigmi. During the Sahel drought of the mid-1970s the shore was 85 km away from N'guigmi in Chad.^[4]

The town is the seat of the Department of N'guigmi, one of three in Diffa Region, which includes the entire north of the Region. N'guigmi is home to a large settlement of Kanuri people, as well as settled members of the traditionally pastoral Wodaabe-Fulani and Daza/Toubou ethnic groups.

Climate

Climate data for N'Guigmi (1961–1990)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean maximum °C (°F)	34.0 (93.2)	38.0 (100.4)	41.3 (106.3)	43.8 (110.8)	43.8 (110.8)	43.7 (110.7)	41.7 (107.1)	39.6 (103.3)	40.6 (105.1)	40.3 (104.5)	37.6 (99.7)	34.6 (94.3)	43.8 (110.8)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	28.7 (83.7)	32.0 (89.6)	36.0 (96.8)	39.7 (103.5)	40.7 (105.3)	40.0 (104.0)	37.2 (99.0)	35.3 (95.5)	37.3 (99.1)	37.4 (99.3)	33.3 (91.9)	30.0 (86.0)	35.6 (96.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)	20.7 (69.3)	23.5 (74.3)	27.7 (81.9)	31.3 (88.3)	32.7 (90.9)	32.6 (90.7)	30.9 (87.6)	29.6 (85.3)	30.4 (86.7)	29.4 (84.9)	25.3 (77.5)	21.8 (71.2)	28.0 (82.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	12.8 (55.0)	15.1 (59.2)	19.4 (66.9)	22.9 (73.2)	24.5 (76.1)	25.0 (77.0)	24.6 (76.3)	23.7 (74.7)	23.5 (74.3)	21.5 (70.7)	17.2 (63.0)	13.6 (56.5)	20.3 (68.5)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	8.3 (46.9)	10.1 (50.2)	13.7 (56.7)	17.2 (63.0)	19.9 (67.8)	20.7 (69.3)	20.1 (68.2)	20.1 (68.2)	20.1 (68.2)	17.0 (62.6)	12.6 (54.7)	9.2 (48.6)	8.3 (46.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.00)	0.6 (0.02)	4.9 (0.19)	10.9 (0.43)	55.3 (2.18)	100.3 (3.95)	14.8 (0.58)	0.6 (0.02)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	187.5 (7.38)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	285.2	271.6	279.0	273.0	300.7	285.0	269.7	254.2	261.0	297.6	294.0	294.5	3,358
Mean daily sunshine hours	9.2	9.7	9.0	9.1	9.7	9.5	8.7	8.2	8.7	9.6	9.8	9.5	9.2
Source: NOAA^[5]

References

^ Population figures from citypopulation.de, citing (2012) Institut National de la Statistique du Niger.
^ Nguigmi, Niger Page. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. 1996–2004
^ See Geels. 2005 photographs from a Dutch travel writer are posted here, and here
^ Geels (2006) pp.236–237
^ "Station Name: N'GUIGMI" (TXT). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 29 August 2024.

Decalo, Samuel (1997). Historical Dictionary of the Niger (3rd ed.). Boston & Folkestone: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3136-8.^: p.225
Geels, Jolijn (2006). Niger. Chalfont St Peter, Bucks / Guilford, CT: Bradt UK / Globe Pequot Press. ISBN 978-1-84162-152-4.^{: pp.232–237}