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Montezuma County
Montezuma County
County
	The Montezuma County Combined Courts building in Cortez
	Location within the U.S. state of Colorado
	Colorado's location within the U.S.
	Coordinates: 37°20′N 108°36′W / 37.34°N 108.6°W
Country	United States
State	Colorado
Founded	April 16, 1889
Named for	Moctezuma II
Seat	Cortez
Largest city	Cortez
Area
• Total	2,040 sq mi (5,300 km2)
• Land	2,030 sq mi (5,300 km2)
• Water	11 sq mi (30 km2) 0.5%
Population (2020)
• Total	25,849
• Density	13/sq mi (5/km2)
Time zone	UTC−7 (Mountain)
• Summer (DST)	UTC−6 (MDT)
Congressional district	3rd
Website	montezumacounty.org

Montezuma County is a county located in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Colorado. As of the 2020 census, the population was 25,849.^[1] The county seat is Cortez.^[2]

Montezuma County contains many archaeologically significant Amerindian structures, which notably can be found in Mesa Verde National Park, Canyons of the Ancients National Monument, Yucca House National Monument, and Hovenweep National Monument. Montezuma County is also home to most of the Ute Mountain Indian Reservation, home of the Weeminuche Band of the Ute Nation, known as the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, with its headquarters at Towaoc.

History

Montezuma County has been settled since approximately AD 600, and had an estimated population of approximately 100,000, four times its current population, in the 12th century. However, a series of events caused virtually all permanent settlements to be abandoned between 1200 and 1300, and the area was contested between nomadic Ute and Navajo bands until resettlement occurred in the 1870s. Montezuma County was created out of the western portion of La Plata County by the Colorado Legislature in April 1889. It was named in honor of Moctezuma II, who reigned as emperor of the Aztec Empire in Mexico during its decline at the hands of the Spanish invasion. The building ruins in Mesa Verde National Park were thought to be of Aztec origin at the time.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,040 square miles (5,300 km²), of which 2,030 square miles (5,300 km²) is land and 11 square miles (28 km²) (0.5%) is water.^[3]

A large county, roughly 1/3 of its area is tribal land, 1/3 is federal land (administered by the National Park Service, the United States Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management), and 1/3 private or state/county land. It is also varied topographically, ranging in elevation from about 6,000 feet (1,800 m) to more than 13,200 feet (4,000 m), and from high Colorado Plateau desert to alpine tundra. The county has the second largest reservoir in Colorado, McPhee Reservoir, many other large reservoirs, and hundreds of private lakes and ponds. Much of the county is irrigated cropland, and it produces fruit, large numbers of cattle and sheep, and beans. It is served by U.S. Highways 160 and 491 (formerly US 666), and by Cortez Municipal Airport. It has no rail service, although both Mancos and Dolores were established as railroad towns in the 1890s.

Adjacent counties

Dolores County - north
San Juan County - northeast
La Plata County - east
San Juan County, New Mexico - south - New Mexico portion of Four Corners.
Apache County, Arizona - southwest - Arizona portion of Four Corners.
San Juan County, Utah - west - Utah portion of Four Corners.

Montezuma County is the only county in the United States to border three counties with the same name in three different states (San Juan County in Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah). The "border" with San Juan County, Colorado, is, however, only a point of zero length.

Major highways

National protected areas

State protected area

Mancos State Park

Other protected area

McPhee Reservoir

Trails and byways

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1890	1,529		—
1900	3,058		100.0%
1910	5,029		64.5%
1920	6,260		24.5%
1930	7,798		24.6%
1940	10,463		34.2%
1950	9,991		−4.5%
1960	14,024		40.4%
1970	12,952		−7.6%
1980	16,510		27.5%
1990	18,762		13.6%
2000	23,830		27.0%
2010	25,535		7.2%
2020	25,849		1.2%
2023 (est.)	26,531	^[4]	2.6%
U.S. Decennial Census^[5] 1790-1960^[6] 1900-1990^[7] 1990-2000^[8] 2010-2020^[1]

As of the census^[9] of 2000, there were 23,830 people, 9,201 households, and 6,514 families residing in the county. The population density was 12 people per square mile (4.6 people/km²). There were 10,497 housing units at an average density of 5 units per square mile (1.9 units/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 81.72% White, 0.14% Black or African American, 11.23% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 4.26% from other races, and 2.38% from two or more races. 9.50% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,201 households, out of which 33.30% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.40% were married couples living together, 10.60% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.20% were non-families. 24.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.30% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.04.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.50% under the age of 18, 7.10% from 18 to 24, 26.30% from 25 to 44, 25.30% from 45 to 64, and 13.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 96.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $32,083, and the median income for a family was $38,071. Males had a median income of $30,666 versus $21,181 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,003. About 13.10% of families and 16.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.20% of those under age 18 and 14.40% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

City

Cortez

Towns

Census-designated places

Lewis
Towaoc

Other unincorporated places

Politics

In its early history Montezuma County favored the Democratic Party. It was one of the few counties in the West to be won by Alton B. Parker in 1904, and along with neighboring La Plata County was one of only two Colorado counties to give a plurality to John W. Davis in the three-way 1924 election. However, since the 1940s Montezuma has been a strongly Republican county: no Democrat since 1968 has won over forty percent of the county's vote in a Presidential election. Recently (July 28, 2020), the county government has openly endorsed viewpoints described as far-right^[specify] by posting web links under a "News" banner on the official county web page. These links have since been removed after community members^[who?] objected to partisan positions on the county website.

United States presidential election results for Montezuma County, Colorado^[10]
Year	Republican		Democratic		Third party(ies)
Year	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
2020	9,306	60.04%	5,836	37.65%	358	2.31%
2016	7,853	61.07%	3,973	30.90%	1,032	8.03%
2012	7,401	60.08%	4,542	36.87%	375	3.04%
2008	6,961	58.87%	4,661	39.42%	203	1.72%
2004	6,988	63.44%	3,867	35.11%	160	1.45%
2000	6,158	65.62%	2,556	27.24%	670	7.14%
1996	4,175	53.31%	2,578	32.92%	1,078	13.77%
1992	3,124	40.90%	2,270	29.72%	2,244	29.38%
1988	4,208	64.23%	2,233	34.09%	110	1.68%
1984	4,753	73.06%	1,665	25.59%	88	1.35%
1980	4,120	68.60%	1,467	24.43%	419	6.98%
1976	3,002	57.99%	1,993	38.50%	182	3.52%
1972	3,391	73.49%	1,223	26.51%	0	0.00%
1968	2,461	56.42%	1,349	30.93%	552	12.65%
1964	2,035	42.95%	2,686	56.69%	17	0.36%
1960	2,778	56.69%	2,115	43.16%	7	0.14%
1956	2,492	63.59%	1,402	35.77%	25	0.64%
1952	2,466	68.01%	1,127	31.08%	33	0.91%
1948	1,630	49.20%	1,653	49.89%	30	0.91%
1944	1,610	56.99%	1,207	42.73%	8	0.28%
1940	2,313	59.25%	1,573	40.29%	18	0.46%
1936	1,087	38.89%	1,579	56.49%	129	4.62%
1932	887	31.84%	1,779	63.85%	120	4.31%
1928	1,341	62.37%	772	35.91%	37	1.72%
1924	703	34.58%	721	35.46%	609	29.96%
1920	936	52.20%	727	40.55%	130	7.25%
1916	425	21.60%	1,458	74.09%	85	4.32%
1912	285	15.89%	1,017	56.69%	492	27.42%
1908	440	29.41%	948	63.37%	108	7.22%
1904	526	45.66%	563	48.87%	63	5.47%
1900	220	22.68%	732	75.46%	18	1.86%
1896	33	3.75%	845	96.13%	1	0.11%
1892	140	27.83%	0	0.00%	363	72.17%

In gubernatorial elections, Montezuma County is also Republican-leaning: in 2010 it was along with neighboring Dolores County one of only two counties to give a plurality to Dan Maes.^[11] The last Democratic gubernatorial nominee to win Montezuma County was Roy Romer in 1990 when he carried all but four counties statewide.^[12] The last Democratic senatorial candidate to carry Montezuma County was Ben “Nighthorse” Campbell – later to switch to the Republican Party – in 1992.

Montezuma County is split between two house districts for the Colorado House of Representatives, House District 58 & House District 59.[1] Prior to the redistricting, which took effect in the November 2022 election, Montezuma County was solely in House District 58.^[13] The Current Representative for House District 58 is Marc Catlin, who has carried the county in all four of his terms.^[14]