Monrovia Stakes

Monrovia Stakes
Grade III race
LocationSanta Anita Park
Arcadia, California,
United States
Inaugurated1968
Race typeThoroughbred - Flat racing
Websitewww.santaanita.com
Race information
Distanceabout 6+1⁄2 furlongs
SurfaceTurf
Trackleft-handed
QualificationFillies and mares four years old and older
Weight124lbs with allowances
Purse$100,000 (2024)

The Monrovia Stakes is a Grade III American Thoroughbred horse race for fillies and mares, four years old and older over a distance of about 6+1⁄2 furlongs on the downhill turf course scheduled annually in April at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California.

History

The event was inaugurated in 1968 as the Monrovia Handicap.[1]

When conditions are too wet the Los Angeles Turf Club on discretion has moved the event to the dirt track. This has happened on several occasions including 1969, 1970, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1989, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2005 and 2019.

The event was run in two divisions in 1979.[2]

The event was originally scheduled in February but the Los Angeles Turf Club in late 1999 moved the race to the start of the winter racing meet at Santa Anita whereby the race was run twice in the calendar year.[3] The conditions of the race were modified so that three year old fillies could also enter the event. In 1999 and 2004 three year old fillies were victorious in the event.

In 2006 the club reverted to later in the 2006–2007 winter meet and consequently the event was not held in 2006. In 2007 the conditions were reverted so that only four year olds and older fillies and mares could enter.[4] In 2017 the event was moved from January to May and the event once again allowed three year old fillies to enter.[5]

The race is named after Monrovia, the local city near the track at Arcadia.

The race was renamed to the current name in 2011.[3]

In 2019, the distance was shortened by over a furlong to five furlongs, and held on the dirt track due to the weather.[3] In 2020 the event was extended to 5+1⁄2 furlongs[3] and the following year was held at 6+1⁄2 furlongs.

In 2023 the event was downgraded by the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association.[6] However, the event was moved to the dirt and subsequently was downgraded to a Listed event.[7]

Records

Speed record:

  • abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs: 1:11.14 – Pontchatrain (2014)

Most wins by an owner:

Most wins:

  • 2 - Winter Solstice (1976, 1977)
  • 2 - Mizdirection (2012, 2013)

Most wins by a jockey:

Most wins by a trainer:

Winners

Year Winner Age Jockey Trainer Owner Distance Time Purse Grade Ref
Monrovia Stakes
2024 Ag Bullet 4 Umberto Rispoli Richard Baltas Calvin Nguyen & Joey C. Tran abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.67 $101,000 III [8]
2023 Elm Drive 4 Ramon Vazquez Philip D'Amato Little Red Feather Racing 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.56 $201,000 Listed [9]
2022 Brooke Marie 6 Juan Hernandez Eddie Kenneally Castleton Lyons abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.42 $200,500 II [10]
2021 Venetian Harbor 4 Mario Gutierrez Richard Baltas Ciaglia Racing, Highland Yard, River Oak Farm & Domenic Savides 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.06 $201,500 II [11]
2020 Jolie Olimpica (BRZ) 4 Mike E. Smith Richard E. Mandella Fox Hill Farms (Rick Porter) 5+1⁄2 furlongs 1:01.11 $201,000 II [12]
2019 S Y Sky 5 Drayden Van Dyke Philip D'Amato Nicholas B. Alexander 5 furlongs 0:57.54 $200,702 III [13]
2018 Belvoir Bay (GB) 5 Victor Espinoza Peter L. Miller Team Valor International & Gary Barber abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.80 $201,380 II [14]
2017 Illuminant 5 Flavien Prat Michael W. McCarthy Eclipse Thoroughbred Partners, Head of Plains Partners, SF Racing abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.13 $201,035 II [5]
2016 Prize Exhibit (GB) 4 Santiago Gonzalez James M. Cassidy DP Racing abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.96 $201,500 II [15]
2015 Shrinking Violet 5 Kent J. Desormeaux Wesley A. Ward Wesley A. Ward abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.56 $201,500 II [16]
2014 Pontchatrain 4 Gary L. Stevens Thomas F. Proctor Glen Hill Farm abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:11.14 $200,500 II [17]
2013 Mizdirection 5 Mike E. Smith Mike Puype Jungle Racing LLC, et al. abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:11.94 $150,000 II [18]
2012 Mizdirection 4 Garrett K. Gomez Mike Puype Jungle Racing LLC, et al. abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:11.64 $100,000 III [19]
2011 Unzip Me 5 Rafael Bejarano Martin F. Jones Harris Farms Inc., Valpredo et al. abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.72 $100,000 III [20]
Monrovia Handicap
2010 Tuscan Evening (IRE) 5 Rafael Bejarano Jerry Hollendorfer William de Burgh abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.56 $100,000 III [21]
2009 Jibboom 5 Garrett K. Gomez Robert J. Frankel Juddmonte Farms abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.21 $100,000 III [22]
2008 Alexandra Rose (SAF) 6 Rafael Bejarano Neil D. Drysdale Team Valor abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.86 $110,400 III [23]
2007 Society Hostess 5 Garrett K. Gomez Christophe Clement Moyglare Stud Farm abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.85 $116,100 III [4]
2006¶ Race not held
2005 Awesome Lady 4 Tyler Baze Gary Stute Mike Cavanaugh & Gary Stute 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:16.77 $112,600 Listed [24]
2004 Resplendency 3 Casey Fusilier Bob Baffert Robert & Beverly Lewis 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.34 $113,550 Listed [25]
2003 Icantgoforthat 4 Tyler Baze Steve Knapp Andy Broberg & Palmer Knapp abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.07 $109,300 III [26]
2002 Lil Sister Stich 5 Laffit Pincay Jr. Doug F. O'Neill Howard, Kilgor, Koser, et al. abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.81 $114,700 III [27]
2001 Paga (ARG) 4 Mike E. Smith Richard E. Mandella Edward C. Allred & Randall D. Hubbard abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.09 $109,300 III [28]
2000 Evening Promise (GB) 4 Kent J. Desormeaux Kathy Walsh Richard Duggan & James R. Vreeland abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.62 $114,400 III [29]
1999 (Dec.) Show Me the Stage 3 Kent J. Desormeaux Eric Guillot Brian Cain, Eric Guillot & Terry LeBlanc 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.14 $104,762 III [30]
1999 (Jan.) Desert Lady (IRE) 4 Corey Nakatani Wallace Dollase The Thoroughbred Corp. abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:14.59 $108,500 III [31]
1998 Madame Pandit 5 Eddie Delahoussaye Ronald L. McAnally Janis R. Whitham 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.80 $109,500 III [32]
1997 Grab the Prize 5 Alex O. Solis Darrell Vienna Ernest Auerbach 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:16.89 $106,900 III [33]
1996 Klassy Kim 5 Goncalino Almeida Melvin F. Stute Bill M. Thomas abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:14.48 $105,650 III [34]
1995 Rabiadella 4 Pat Valenzuela J. Michael Orman Stonehenge Stables abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:14.92 $81,200 III [35]
1994 Mamselle Bebette 4 Corey Nakatani Jack Van Berg Big Train Farm 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.35 $83,400 III [36]
1993 Glen Kate (IRE) 6 Corey Black Bill Shoemaker Wayne Gretzky & Bruce McNall abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.89 $82,400 III [37]
1992 Middlefork Rapids 4 Pat Valenzuela Terry Knight Dame Construction Co., Inc. abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.55 $84,900 III [38]
1991 Wedding Bouquet (IRE) 4 Kent J. Desormeaux Gary F. Jones William de Burgh (Lessee) abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.80 $85,625 III [39]
1990 Down Again 6 Corey Black Richard J. Cross Larry Robinson & Summa Stable abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.00 $83,950 III [40]
1989 Daloma (FR) 5 Fernando H. Valenzuela Charles E. Whittingham Enemy Stables & Mandysland Farm 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:16.20 $83,300 Listed [41]
1988 Aberuschka (IRE) 6 Gary L. Stevens Robert J. Frankel Ann & Jerry Moss abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:14.60 $83,800 Listed [42]
1987 Sari's Heroine 4 Pat Valenzuela Melvin F. Stute Carl E. Grinstead & Ben Rochelle abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.00 $65,400 Listed [43]
1986 Water Crystals 5 Gary L. Stevens Richard E. Mandella Bruce Steinberg abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.60 $67,100 Listed [44]
1985 Lina Cavalieri (GB) 5 Eddie Delahoussaye Robert J. Frankel Ann & Jerry Moss abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:14.00 $66,650 Listed [45]
1984 Tangent (NZ) 4 Julio A. Garcia Wayne Murty Bacchus, Harrison, McGee, et al. abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:14.60 $69,950 Listed [46]
1983 Matching 5 Ray Sibille Steven L. Morguelan Glencrest Farm & Morguelan abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.20 $67,600 Listed [47]
1982 Cat Girl 4 Chris McCarron Edwin J. Gregson Windblown Farm abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:14.60 $68,250 Listed [48]
1981 Kilijaro (IRE) 5 Marco Castaneda Charles E. Whittingham Serge Fradkoff abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:12.40 $57,450 Listed [49]
1980 Fondre 5 Frank Olivares John W. Fulton William L. Currin & William R. Hawn 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.20 $45,500 Listed [50]
1979 Camarado 4 Bill Shoemaker Charles E. Whittingham Nelson Bunker Hunt abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.40 $36,400 Listed Division 1[51]
Palmistry 4 Chris McCarron Willard L. Proctor William Haggin Perry abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.20 $36,000 Listed Division 2[52]
1978 Little Happiness 4 Laffit Pincay Jr. Laz Barrera Harbor View Farm abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:16.00 $44,200 Listed [53]
1977 Winter Solstice 5 Mark S. Sellers Gordon C. Campbell Bernard J. Ridder abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.60 $45,600 Listed [54]
1976 Winter Solstice 4 Jerry Lambert Gordon C. Campbell Bernard J. Ridder 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:17.60 $33,800 Listed [55]
1975 †Special Goddess 4 Sandy Hawley Robert Smith Fred W. Hooper abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.80 $34,200 Listed [56]
1974 Viva La Vivi 4 Donald Pierce Harold Hodosh Alix Brotman & Malibu Stable abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:15.00 $29,050 Listed [57]
1973 Tizna (CHI) 4 Fernando Toro Henry M. Moreno Regal Enterprises Inc. abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.80 $36,200 Listed [58]
1972 Mia Mood 4 Victor Tejada John W. Russell Fred W. Hooper abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.00 $33,850 [59]
1971 Atomic Wings 4 Robby Kilborn James I. Nazworthy Sledge Stable (Maxine Nazworthy) abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.40 $29,100 [60]
1970 Beautiful Dream 5 Jerry Lambert Joseph S. Dunn J. T. Jones 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:16.20 $23,750 [61]
1969 Morgaise 4 Donald R. Pierce James W. Maloney William Haggin Perry 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:22.20 $22,500 [62]
1968 Mellow Marsh 5 Mario Valenzuela Jay Saladin Edward C. Flynn abt. 6+1⁄2 furlongs 1:13.40 $29,500 [63]

Legend:
  Turf   Dirt
Notes:
¶ Not held due to change of scheduling during the winter meet
† Viva La Vivi won the race but was disqualified and placed last for interference[56]

See also

List of American and Canadian Graded races

References

  1. ^ "MONROVIA STAKES - SANTA ANITA PARK, CA UNITED STATES - Grade II". Thoroughbred Pedigree Online. 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  2. ^ "MONROVIA STAKES (2ND. DIV.) - SANTA ANITA PARK, CA UNITED STATES - Grade II". Thoroughbred Pedigree Online. 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d "Monrovia Stakes (Gr. 2)". equibase. 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  4. ^ a b "2007 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 1 January 2007. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  5. ^ a b "2017 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 7)". Equibase. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  6. ^ "American Graded Stakes Committee Releases 2023 Grades; The Stephen Foster Stakes is the only new grade 1 stakes for 2023". Bloodhorse.com. Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association. 16 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  7. ^ Rollins, Molly; McCroskey, Corrie (8 April 2023). "Offlee Naughty, Elm Drive Win Stakes at Santa Anita; Little Red Feather Racing's Elm Drive landed the off-the-turf Monrovia Stakes". BloodHorse.com. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  8. ^ "2024 Monrovia Stakes Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 4 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
  9. ^ "2023 Monrovia Stakes Listed - (race 10)". Equibase. 8 April 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2023.
  10. ^ "2022 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 1)". Equibase. 9 April 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2022.
  11. ^ "2021 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 7)". Equibase. 5 June 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  12. ^ "2020 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 5)". Equibase. 25 May 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  13. ^ "2019 Monrovia Stakes Grade 3 - (race 7)". Equibase. 26 May 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  14. ^ "2018 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 10)". Equibase. 28 May 2018. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  15. ^ "2016 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 7)". Equibase. 3 January 2016. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  16. ^ "2015 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 8)". Equibase. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  17. ^ "2014 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 8)". Equibase. 5 January 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  18. ^ "2013 Monrovia Stakes Grade 2 - (race 8)". Equibase. 6 January 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  19. ^ "2012 Monrovia Stakes Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 2 January 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  20. ^ "2011 Monrovia Stakes Grade 3 - (race 2)". Equibase. 2 January 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  21. ^ "2010 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 7)". Equibase. 3 January 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  22. ^ "2009 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 3 January 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  23. ^ "2008 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 9)". Equibase. 1 January 2008. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  24. ^ "2005 Monrovia Handicap Listed - (race 4)". Equibase. 31 December 2005. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  25. ^ "2004 Monrovia Handicap Listed - (race 7)". Equibase. 31 December 2004. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  26. ^ "2003 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 5)". Equibase. 29 December 2003. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  27. ^ "2002 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 31 December 2002. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  28. ^ "2001 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 31 December 2001. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  29. ^ "2000 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 7)". Equibase. 29 December 2000. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  30. ^ "1999 (Dec) Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 7)". Equibase. 31 December 1999. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  31. ^ "1999 (Jan) Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 2 January 1999. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  32. ^ "1998 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 3 January 1998. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  33. ^ "1997 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 4 January 1997. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  34. ^ "1996 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 6 January 1996. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  35. ^ "1995 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 11 February 1995. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  36. ^ "1994 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 4)". Equibase. 6 February 1994. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  37. ^ "1993 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 3 February 1993. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  38. ^ "1992 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 5 February 1992. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  39. ^ "1991 Monrovia Handicap Grade 3 - (race 8)". Equibase. 13 February 1991. Retrieved 28 May 2020.
  40. ^ "Down Again Lauded After Victory (1990 Monrovia Handicap - race 12: held 14 February 1990)". Los Angeles Times. 15 February 1990. p. 63. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  41. ^ "Fernando Valenzuela Rides Daloma to Victory in Feature Race at Santa Anita (1989 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 15 February 1989)". Los Angeles Times. 16 February 1989. pp. 57, 59. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  42. ^ "Aberuschka Wins Monrovia Handicap At Santa Anita (1988 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 17 February 1988)". Los Angeles Times. 18 February 1988. p. 43. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  43. ^ "Sari's Heroine Wins Monrovia Handicap (1987 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 4 February 1987)". Los Angeles Times. 5 February 1987. p. 43. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  44. ^ "Water Crystals Sparkles At Santa Anita (1986 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 12 February 1986)". Tampa Bay Times. 13 February 1986. p. 18. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  45. ^ "Lina Cavalieri Wins Monrovia Handicap (1985 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 20 February 1985)". San Bernardino County Sun. 21 February 1985. p. 33. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  46. ^ "Tangent Wins Handicap Over Irish O'Brien (1984 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 17 March 1984)". San Bernardino County Sun. 18 March 1984. p. 33. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  47. ^ "Racing Beat (1983 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 13 April 1983)". The Courier-Journal. 14 April 1983. p. 34. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  48. ^ "Cat Girl Wins Monrovia 'Cap (1982 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 27 March 1982)". San Bernardino County Sun. 28 March 1982. p. 49. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  49. ^ Abbott, Bion (5 April 1981). "Kilijaro Sets Stakes Record (1981 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 4 April 1981)". Los Angeles Times. p. 58. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  50. ^ Abbott, Bion (28 February 1980). "Fondre Turns it on Three Times for a $154 Victory (1980 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 27 February 1980)". Los Angeles Times. p. 56. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  51. ^ "Palmistry, Camarado Rallies Win (1979 Monrovia Handicap Division 1 - race 5: held 28 February 1979)". Sacramento Bee. 1 March 1979. p. 71. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  52. ^ "(Chart 1979 Monrovia Handicap Division 2 - race 8: held 28 February 1979)". Los Angeles Times. 1 March 1979. p. 58. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  53. ^ Abbott, Bion (19 February 1978). "Little Happiness Worth $13.80 (1978 Monrovia Handicap - (race 8: held 18 February 1978)". Los Angeles Times. p. 56. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  54. ^ Abbott, Bion (27 February 1977). "Winter Solstice Repeats Monrovia 'Cap Victory (1977 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 26 February 1977)". Los Angeles Times. p. 50. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  55. ^ "(Chart 1976 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 11 February 1976)". Los Angeles Times. 12 February 1976. p. 63. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  56. ^ a b Abbott, Bion (27 February 1975). "Viva La Vivi Form First To Last (1975 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 26 February 1975)". Los Angeles Times. p. 52. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  57. ^ Abbott, Bion (14 March 1974). "Day At Races (1974 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 13 March 1974)". Los Angeles Times. p. 58. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  58. ^ "Unbeaten Tizna Makes It Six Straight Wins (1973 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 27 February 1973)". Los Angeles Times. 28 February 1973. p. 44. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  59. ^ Hebery, Bob (1 March 1972). "Mia Mood $26 Winner; Manta Finishes Fifth (1972 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 29 February 1972)". Los Angeles Times. p. 42. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  60. ^ "(Chart 1971 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 2 March 1971)". Los Angeles Times. 3 March 1971. p. 42. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  61. ^ "(Chart 1970 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 5 March 1970)". Los Angeles Times. 6 March 1970. p. 66. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  62. ^ Abbott, Bion (12 March 1969). "FANS BOO WIN-BETTING ONLY RACE, $2.80 PAYOFF (1969 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 11 March 1969)". Los Angeles Times. pp. 13, 47. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  63. ^ Abbott, Bion (6 March 1968). "Mellow Marsh's Nose Win Rewards Backers With $30 (1968 Monrovia Handicap - race 8: held 5 March 1968)". Los Angeles Times. pp. 35, 41. Retrieved 29 May 2020.

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